[Clinical profile of corneal sensitivity in diabetic patients: A case-control study]. / Profil clinique de la sensibilité cornéenne chez les patients diabétiques : étude cas-témoins.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the corneal sensitivity of black diabetic patients and identify factors associated with changes in corneal sensitivity. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a cross-sectional comparative case-control study at the National Obesity Center of the Yaounde Central Hospital and the Djoungolo District Hospital from March 1 to July 31, 2022. Corneal sensitivity was measured using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer in all diabetic patients over 18 years of age, matched for age and sex to a clinically healthy control population. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software. A P-value of less than 5% was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 111 diabetic and 111 non-diabetic patients participated in the study. The mean age was 53.46±12.74 years for diabetics and 52.85±11.77 years for non-diabetics (P=0.901). The mean duration of diabetes was 6.4±5.30 years. Corneal sensitivity in diabetics was lower (44.56±9.59mm) compared to non-diabetics (53.59±6.30mm) with a statistically significant difference (P=0.000). Factors associated with decrease in corneal sensitivity in diabetics were duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control. CONCLUSION: Decrease in corneal sensitivity related to diabetes is a complication to be systematically screened for during the ophthalmologic follow-up of diabetic patients.

[Epidemiological and clinical profile of age-related macular degeneration in Cameroon]. / Profil épidémiologique et clinique de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge en milieu camerounais.

PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of age-related macular degeneration in patients in Yaoundé. METHODOLOGY: A multicenter, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2017 to June 2018 in four hospitals in the city of Yaoundé. Included were all consenting patients aged at least 40 years with an established diagnosis of AMD both clinically and by imaging. The data were analyzed with CSPro software version 7.0. Chi2 and Student's "t" tests in univariate mode and logistic regression in multivariate mode were used with a significance of P≤5%. RESULTS: Of the 9,989 patients who were seen during the 16-month study period, 38 met our inclusion criteria - a frequency of 0.4%. The sex ratio was 0.3, and the mean age was 68±11 years. As a function of geographic origin, AMD is more common in patients from the forest and mountain areas. The systemic comorbidities associated recorded were hypertension (47.4%) and diabetes (21.1%). After optical correction, 60 of 76 eyes (78.9%) had useful visual acuity according to WHO criteria, and the rate of blindness was 9.2%. Fundus examination revealed fewer lesions than optical coherence tomography, which demonstrated miliary drusen in 57 (75%) eyes, serous drusen in 27 (35.5%), retinal atrophy in 19 (25%) and neovascularization in 3 (3.9%). The clinical forms were dominated by age-related maculopathy, found in 45 eyes (69.2%), followed by atrophic AMD in 17 (26.2%) and finally by exudative AMD in 3 (4.6%), for a total of 65 out of 76 eyes. Age was related to the risk of MLA and atrophic AMD (P≤0.05). CONCLUSION: AMD is an uncommon pathology in our setting, predominant in women over the age of 60 years.

[Retinal vein occlusions treated by intravitreal bevacizumab injections at the Hospital of Instruction, Application and Reference of the Armed Forces of Yaoundé]. / Occlusions veineuses rétiniennes traitées par injections intra-vitréennes de bévacizumab à l'hôpital d'instruction, d'application et de référence des armées de Yaoundé.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the anatomical and functional results of intravitreal bevacizumab injections in retinal vein occlusions at the Hospital of Instruction, Application and Reference of the Armed Forces of Yaoundé. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective and descriptive study was conducted from October 2016 to August 2017 at the Hospital of Instruction, Application and Reference of the Armed Forces of Yaoundé. All eyes with edematous or mixed retinal vein occlusion were treatment naive and received at least 3 intravitreal injections spaced at least 28 days apart of bevacizumab 25mg/ml at a dose of 0.05ml per session according to the strategy of 3 injections or "3 I". At least 3 months after the final injection, visual acuity and macular thickness, assessed by optical coherence tomography, were analyzed with the IBM-SPSS 22 software. The Student's test was used to compare means, with a significance P<5%. RESULTS: We included nineteen eyes of 18 patients with a mean age of 62.83±9.57 years. The male to female sex ratio was 0.8. Branch vein occlusion was predominant in 14 (73.68%) eyes. The edematous type was noted in 17 (89.5%) eyes. Serous retinal detachment was present in 6 (31.6%) eyes. The mean number of injections was 4.2±1.2. The mean baseline visual acuity changed from +0.9 Log MAR (40 ETDRS) to +0.6 Log MAR (55 ETDRS) at 6 months, while the mean macular thickness went from 550.16±180µm to 338.58±127µm, with statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal bevacizumab injections proved to be effective in the management of edematous retinal vein occlusions in our practice setting despite the lack of market authorization for this indication.

[Retinal manifestations of neuro-malaria or "malarial retinopathy" in Yaoundé]. / Atteintes rétiniennes du neuro-paludisme ou « rétinopathie paludique ¼ à Yaoundé.

AIM: Contribute to the improvement of diagnostic and prognostic approaches to treating children with neuro-malaria in Yaoundé. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective and analytical study carried out in 2 hospitals of Yaoundé from October 2015 to March 2016. All patients aged 3 months to 15 years hospitalized for neuro-malaria in one of the 2 hospitals benefited from a fundus examination. The variables studied were: age, sex, Glasgow or Blantyre score, fundus examination and parasitaemia. For statistical analysis, we used the software R 3.3.0, Chi2, exact of Fisher or Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests with a significance P<5%. RESULTS: Out of the 178 children hospitalized during the study period, 44 had neuro-malaria (24.71%) and 26 (46 diseased eyes) among them presented retinal lesions at a frequency of 14.60%. The mean age was 5.54±3.49 years with a sex ratio of 1.09. The under 5-years-old were the most affected with 31 (70.45%) cases. The fundus lesions of 26 (59.09%) were retinal hemorrhages in 24 (54.54%), retinal whitening and vessel discoloration in 8 (18.18%) respectively. Papillary edema was associated in 4 (9.09%). Macular involvement was noted in 9 cases. These lesions were correlated with age, depth of coma, duration, and clinical course. The rate of parasitaemia did not affect their occurrence. CONCLUSION: Retinal lesions are frequent and serious during neuro-malaria in our environment, especially in children under five. They must therefore be an emphasis in the systematic exam to rule it out for a better prognostic evaluation and a fast and adequate multidisciplinary management.