Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Nursing Homes during Periods of Delta and Omicron Predominance, United States, July 2021-March 2022.

SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated nursing home residents increased after the Omicron variant emerged. Data on booster dose effectiveness in this population are limited. During July 2021-March 2022, nursing home outbreaks in 11 US jurisdictions involving >3 infections within 14 days among residents who had received at least the primary COVID-19 vaccine(s) were monitored. Among 2,188 nursing homes, 1,247 outbreaks were reported in the periods of Delta (n = 356, 29%), mixed Delta/Omicron (n = 354, 28%), and Omicron (n = 536, 43%) predominance. During the Omicron-predominant period, the risk for infection within 14 days of an outbreak start was lower among boosted residents than among residents who had received the primary vaccine series alone (risk ratio [RR] 0.25, 95% CI 0.19-0.33). Once infected, boosted residents were at lower risk for all-cause hospitalization (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.40-0.49) and death (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.59) than primary vaccine-only residents.

The Intergenerational Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Hispanic Families: The Mediational Roles of Parental Depression and Parent-Adolescent Communication.

Parental exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been documented as a strong risk factor for subsequent externalizing behaviors in their youth. Although studies have investigated ACEs and their intergenerational association with youth externalizing behaviors, this association has not been investigated in Hispanic families. Additionally, substantial gaps in the literature exist explaining the mechanisms by which this association occurs. The purpose of this study was to examine whether parent-adolescent communication and parental depressive symptomatology explain the relationship between parent's ACE score and adolescent externalizing behaviors. This secondary data analysis utilized baseline data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial evaluating the relative effectiveness of an online parenting intervention for Hispanic adolescents. The sample consisted of 456 parents and their adolescents between the ages of 12-16. Using path modeling, parental depressive symptomatology and parent-adolescent communication were simultaneously examined as mechanisms that may explain the intergenerational relationship between parental exposure to ACEs and externalizing behaviors in Hispanic youth. Parental depressive symptomatology and parent-adolescent communication both significantly mediated the association between parental exposure to ACEs and adolescent externalizing behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms explaining the intergenerational association between parental exposure to ACEs and adolescent externalizing behaviors may aid future research examining problematic behaviors in Hispanic youth.

La exposición de los padres a las experiencias adversas de la niñez se ha documentado como un factor de riesgo potenciador de comportamientos posteriores de exteriorización en sus hijos. Aunque existen estudios donde se han investigado las experiencias adversas de la niñez y su asociación intergeneracional con las conductas de exteriorización de los jóvenes, esta asociación no se ha investigado en familias hispanas. Además, existen vacíos considerables en la bibliografía sobre la explicación de los mecanismos por los cuales ocurre esta asociación. El propósito de este estudio es analizar si la comunicación entre padres y adolescentes y la sintomatología depresiva de los padres explican la relación entre el puntaje de las experiencias adversas de la niñez de los padres y las conductas de exteriorización de los adolescentes. En este análisis de datos secundarios se utilizaron datos basales de un ensayo controlado aleatorizado en curso que evalúa la eficacia relativa de una intervención virtual sobre la crianza para adolescentes hispanos. La muestra consistió en 456 padres y sus adolescentes de entre 12 y 16 años. Utilizando un modelo de pautas, se analizaron simultáneamente la sintomatología depresiva de los padres y la comunicación entre los padres y los adolescentes como mecanismos que pueden explicar la relación intergeneracional entre la exposición de los padres a experiencias adversas en la niñez y las conductas de exteriorización en los jóvenes hispanos. La sintomatología depresiva de los padres y la comunicación entre los padres y los adolescentes mediaron significativamente la asociación entre la exposición de los padres a experiencias adversas en la niñez y las conductas de exteriorización de los adolescentes. La comprensión de los mecanismos que explican la asociación intergeneracional entre la exposición de los padres a experiencias adversas en la niñez y las conductas de exteriorización de los adolescentes puede ayudar a investigaciones futuras que analicen las conductas problemáticas de los jóvenes hispanos.

Parent Attendance in a Family-Based Preventive Intervention Delivered in Latin America and the United States.

In Latin America, there is an increasing interest in the implementation and dissemination of evidence-based, family-centered interventions to prevent youth behavioral problems. While families' participation in interventions is integral to achieving the interventions' desired impact, little is known about what predicts Latin American families' attendance. The current study provides a unique opportunity to explore the participation of families living in the United States, Ecuador, and Chile in an evidence-based intervention, Familias Unidas. We tested for differences in attendance rates, family functioning variables, and adolescent behavioral problem variables, then applied a hierarchical multiple regression to (a) identify which variables significantly predicted program attendance and (b) assess whether the country in which the intervention was implemented in moderated the relationship between predictors and program attendance. On average, Chilean and Ecuadorian parents were more engaged and attended more sessions than parents living in the United States. Across samples, there was significant differences in family functioning and adolescent behavioral problem variables. However, effective parent-adolescent communication was the only significant predictor of lower program attendance. A significant interaction effect revealed that even though Chilean parents had high parent-adolescent communication, they were more likely to attend sessions, compared to parents living in the United States. We highlight the promise of engaging and retaining families, across U.S. and Latin American samples, into a culturally syntonic, family-based intervention, and discuss potential explanations for success in Chile and Ecuador. Researchers interested in implementing interventions in Latin America could utilize these findings to better target participants and intervention efforts.

Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks in nursing homes involving residents who had completed a primary coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine series-13 US jurisdictions, July-November 2021.

Among nursing home outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with ≥3 breakthrough infections when the predominant severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant circulating was the SARS-CoV-2 δ (delta) variant, fully vaccinated residents were 28% less likely to be infected than were unvaccinated residents. Once infected, they had approximately half the risk for all-cause hospitalization and all-cause death compared with unvaccinated infected residents.

Psychosocial stress, bicultural identity integration, and bicultural self-efficacy among Hispanic emerging adults.

Most studies on psychosocial stress among Hispanics have focused on risk factors. To better understand psychosocial stress among this population, this study aimed to examine components of bicultural identity integration and bicultural self-efficacy, that may be associated with lower psychosocial stress among Hispanic emerging adults (ages 18-25). This aim was tested on a cross-sectional sample of Hispanic emerging adults (Mage = 21.30, SD = 2.09) that included 200 participants (Arizona n = 99, Florida n = 101). The sample included men (n = 98) and women (n = 102). Most participants were US-born (70%), college students (69.5%), and of Mexican heritage (44%). Standardized coefficients from a hierarchical multiple regression model indicate that higher levels of the bicultural harmony component of bicultural identity integration (ß = -0.26, p < 0.001) and the social groundedness component of bicultural self-efficacy (ß = -0.23, p < 0.01) were associated with lower levels of psychosocial stress. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine components of bicultural identity integration and bicultural self-efficacy and their respective associations with psychosocial stress among any racial/ethnic group. Thus, more studies are needed to replicate our findings to determine if bicultural identity integration and bicultural self-efficacy should be considered in psychosocial stress interventions for Hispanics.