RESUMO
STUDY QUESTION: Is it possible to co-culture and functionally link human liver and testis equivalents in the combined medium circuit of a multi-organ chip? SUMMARY ANSWER: Multi-organ-chip co-cultures of human liver and testis equivalents were maintained at a steady-state for at least 1 week and the co-cultures reproduced specific natural and drug-induced liver-testis systemic interactions. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Current benchtop reprotoxicity models typically do not include hepatic metabolism and interactions of the liver-testis axis. However, these are important to study the biotransformation of substances. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Testicular organoids derived from primary adult testicular cells and liver spheroids consisting of cultured HepaRG cells and hepatic stellate cells were loaded into separate culture compartments of each multi-organ-chip circuit for co-culture in liver spheroid-specific medium, testicular organoid-specific medium or a combined medium over a week. Additional multi-organ-chips (single) and well plates (static) were loaded only with testicular organoids or liver spheroids for comparison. Subsequently, the selected type of medium was supplemented with cyclophosphamide, an alkylating anti-neoplastic prodrug that has demonstrated germ cell toxicity after its bioactivation in the liver, and added to chip-based co-cultures to replicate a human liver-testis systemic interaction in vitro. Single chip-based testicular organoids were used as a control. Experiments were performed with three biological replicates unless otherwise stated. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The metabolic activity was determined as glucose consumption and lactate production. The cell viability was measured as lactate dehydrogenase activity in the medium. Additionally, immunohistochemical and real-time quantitative PCR end-point analyses were performed for apoptosis, proliferation and cell-specific phenotypical and functional markers. The functionality of Sertoli and Leydig cells in testicular spheroids was specifically evaluated by measuring daily inhibin B and testosterone release, respectively. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Co-culture in multi-organ chips with liver spheroid-specific medium better supported the metabolic activity of the cultured tissues compared to other media tested. The liver spheroids did not show significantly different behaviour during co-culture compared to that in single culture on multi-organ-chips. The testicular organoids also developed accordingly and produced higher inhibin B but lower testosterone levels than the static culture in plates with testicular organoid-specific medium. By comparison, testosterone secretion by testicular organoids cultured individually on multi-organ-chips reached a similar level as the static culture at Day 7. This suggests that the liver spheroids have metabolised the steroids in the co-cultures, a naturally occurring phenomenon. The addition of cyclophosphamide led to upregulation of specific cytochromes in liver spheroids and loss of germ cells in testicular organoids in the multi-organ-chip co-cultures but not in single-testis culture. LARGE-SCALE DATA: N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The number of biological replicates included in this study was relatively small due to the limited availability of individual donor testes and the labour-intensive nature of multi-organ-chip co-cultures. Moreover, testicular organoids and liver spheroids are miniaturised organ equivalents that capture key features, but are still simplified versions of the native tissues. Also, it should be noted that only the prodrug cyclophosphamide was administered. The final concentration of the active metabolite was not measured. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This co-culture model responds to the request of setting up a specific tool that enables the testing of candidate reprotoxic substances with the possibility of human biotransformation. It further allows the inclusion of other human tissue equivalents for chemical risk assessment on the systemic level. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This work was supported by research grants from the Scientific Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (scientific fund Willy Gepts) and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Y.B. is a postdoctoral fellow of the FWO. U.M. is founder, shareholder and CEO of TissUse GmbH, Berlin, Germany, a company commercializing the Multi-Organ-Chip platform systems used in the study. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Assuntos
Células Intersticiais do Testículo , Testículo , Adulto , Técnicas de Cocultura , Alemanha , Humanos , Fígado , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Jehovah's Witness (JW) patients strictly refuse allogeneic blood transfusion for religious reasons. Nevertheless, JW also wish to benefit from modern therapeutic concepts including major surgical procedures without facing an excessive risk of death. The Northwest Hospital in Frankfurt am Main Germany is a confidential clinic of JW and performs approximately 100 surgical interventions per year on this patient group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of closed medical cases performed in the years 2008-2018â¯at the Northwest Hospital aimed to clarify (1) the frequency of surgical procedures in JW patients associated with a statistical allogeneic transfusion risk (presence of preoperative anemia and/or in-house transfusion probability >10%) during this time period, (2) the degree of acceptance of strategies avoiding blood transfusion by JW and (3) the anemia-related postoperative mortality rate in JW patients. RESULTS: In the 11- year observation period 123 surgical procedures with a relevant allogeneic transfusion risk were performed in 105 JW patients. Anemia according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria was present in 44% of cases on the day of surgery. Synthetic and recombinant drugs (tranexamic acid, desmopressin, erythropoetin, rFVIIa) were generally accepted, acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) in 92% and cell salvage in 96%. Coagulation factor concentrates extracted from human plasma and therefore generally refused by JW so far, were accepted by 83% of patients following detailed elucidation. Out of 105 JW patients 7 (6.6%) died during the postoperative hospital stay. In 4 of the 7 fatal cases the cause of death could be traced back to severe postoperative anemia. CONCLUSION: Given optimal management JW patients can undergo major surgery without an excessive risk of death. The 6.6% in-hospital mortality observed in this institution was in the range of the 4% generally observed after surgery in Europe. The majority of JW patients accepted a variety of blood conservation strategies following appropriate elucidation. This also included coagulation factor concentrates extracted from human plasma enabling an effective treatment of even severe bleeding complications. In this analysis postoperative hemoglobin concentrations below 6â¯g/dl in older JW patients were associated with a high mortality risk due to anemia.
Assuntos
Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Testemunhas de Jeová , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Anemia/mortalidade , Transfusão de Sangue , Transfusão de Sangue Autóloga/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Médicos e Cirúrgicos sem Sangue , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
An immunocompetent Nigerian developed a fulminant hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. The patient initially presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. The clinical status of our patient deteriorated quickly despite treatment with corticoids. Escalation of immunosuppressive treatment was not possible. He died of lung, liver and circulatory failure in our intensive care unit.Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare disease characterized by inflammation due to prolonged and excessive activation of antigen-presenting cells. High plasma ferritin levels and phagocytosis of hematopoetic cells in bone marrow, spleen and liver lead to the diagnosis. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenia.
Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/diagnóstico , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/diagnóstico , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/etiologia , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/complicações , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/diagnóstico , Adulto , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/tratamento farmacológico , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/tratamento farmacológico , MasculinoRESUMO
Increased frequencies of HEV infections have been reported in several industrialized countries. We suggest that this finding might be explained by a better awareness of the disease and not by an increased incidence. Although reported HEV infections increased more than 6-fold in Germany in recent years, the seroprevalence remained unchanged (2 %).
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Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/imunologia , Hepatite E/sangue , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Hepatite E/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Incidência , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
A 37-year-old homosexual man was admitted because of oropharyngeal pain, fever, diarrhea, loss of weight and lymphadenopathy since one week. Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) in primary HIV type 1 infection was diagnosed, associated with Giardia lamblia infection. Antiinfective and combined antiretroviral treatment was established, and the general condition of the patient rapidly improved. The presented report demonstrates that in case of acute HIV-infection with diarrhea other infections should be considered, particularly with regard to enteropathogens like Giardia lamblia.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Diarreia/etiologia , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/etiologia , Giardia lamblia , Giardíase/diagnóstico , Soropositividade para HIV/diagnóstico , HIV-1 , Homossexualidade Masculina , Doenças Linfáticas/etiologia , Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Candidíase Bucal/diagnóstico , Candidíase Bucal/tratamento farmacológico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Quimioterapia Combinada , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Giardíase/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Masculino , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Omeprazol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Aim of this study was to analyse the perioperative outcome of patients undergoing radical cystectomy under continuous antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using prospectively maintained databases of two departments of urology, we identified 461 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer (2011-2017). Patients were divided into three groups: 1) on-going antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (nâ¯=â¯50), 2) discontinuing antiplatelet therapy (nâ¯=â¯65) and 3) no antiplatelet therapy (nâ¯=â¯346). Perioperative outcome was compared between the three groups using ANOVA, likelihood ratio or Kruskal Wallis test with post-hoc testing. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictor for perioperative complications and transfusion. RESULTS: Group 1 showed an average estimated blood loss of 732⯱â¯424, group 2 752⯱â¯488 and group 3 810⯱â¯544â¯ml (pâ¯=â¯0.51). There was no significant difference in transfusion rate (44% in group 1, 45% and 39% in groups 2 and 3, pâ¯=â¯0.63). Severe complications occurred in 26%, 15% and 15% in groups 1-3 (pâ¯=â¯0.19). Ischemic complications were more often observed in group 1 (nâ¯=â¯4, 8%) and 2 (nâ¯=â¯5, 8%) than group 3 (nâ¯=â¯7, 2%), pâ¯=â¯0.02. 90-day readmission (nâ¯=â¯99, 22%) and mortality rate (nâ¯=â¯10, 2.2%) were low and did not show any significant differences between the groups. In uni- and multivariate analysis ongoing therapy with acetylsalicylic acid was no independent risk factor for transfusion or severe complications. CONCLUSION: Perioperative continuation of therapy with acetylsalicylic acid in radical cystectomy is safe with no difference in intraoperative blood loss, transfusion rate, complications or mortality.
Assuntos
Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Cistectomia , Desprescrições , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Derivação Urinária , Idoso , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Transfusão de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença das Coronárias/complicações , Doença das Coronárias/tratamento farmacológico , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade , Análise Multivariada , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Pelve , Período Perioperatório , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/terapia , Prevenção Primária , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prevenção Secundária , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The outcome of 20 patients is summarized in a retrospective study to identify clinical findings that influence the long-term prognosis of postoperative endophthalmitis. PATIENTS: Between 1991 and 1997 a total of 20 patients with postoperative endophthalmitis were admitted. Median age was 80 years (range: 9-95), 11 patients were male, 9 female. Sixteen pars-plana vitrectomies, 2 anterior vitrectomies and 2 rinsings of the anterior chamber without vitrectomy were performed. Furthermore, all patients received intraocular and systemic antibiotic treatment. For microbiological investigation, specimens from vitreous, anterior chamber and conjunctiva were sent in. Long-term outcome was controlled for an average of 14 months after treatment of the endophthalmitis (range: 4-36 months). RESULTS: At the end of treatment, 40% of patients had a visual acuity of 0.4 or better, 80% had 1/20 or better. Patients with a preoperative visual acuity of at least hand movement had a better postoperative visual outcome than patients with only light perception. Visual acuity was better in patients with chronic endophthalmitis than in patients with acute or subacute endophthalmitis. In patients with chronic or subacute endophthalmitis, improvement of visual acuity was found some months after the operation more often than in patients with acute endophthalmitis. However, in 40% of cases with an acute onset, no improvement or even worsening of the visual acuity was documented. Best postoperative results were found after infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. CONCLUSION: Important prognostic factors of postoperative endophthalmitis are visual acuity, the onset of the endophthalmitis (acute, subacute or chronic) and the microbiological findings. At the time of surgery and antibiotic treatment, visual acuity should be at least hand motion to expect an improvement in the visual outcome.
Assuntos
Endoftalmite/diagnóstico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Acuidade Visual , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Endoftalmite/tratamento farmacológico , Endoftalmite/microbiologia , Olho/microbiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Sepsis in the early stage is a common disease in emergency medicine, and rapid diagnosis is essential. Our aim was to compare pathogen diagnosis using blood cultures (BC) and the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test.Methods. At total of 211 patients admitted to the multidisciplinary emergency department of our university hospital between 2006 and 2009 with suspected severe infection from any origin were studied. Blood samples for BC (aerobic and anaerobic) and multiplex PCR were taken for identification of infectious microorganisms immediately after hospital admission. Results of the BC and PCR correlated with procalcitonin concentration (PCT) and clinical diagnosis of sepsis (≥2 positive SIRS criteria) as well as with severity of disease at admission and with clinical outcome measures. RESULTS: Results of the BC were available in 200 patients (94.8%) and PCR were available in 119 patients (56.3%), respectively. In total, 87 BC (43.5%) were positive and identified 94 pathogens. In 45 positive PCRs, 47 pathogens (37.8%) were found. Identical results were obtained in 81.4%. In addition, BC identified 9 Gram-positive and 3 Gram-negative bacteria, while PCR added 5 Gram-negative pathogens. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were detected in blood cultures only (n=20, 21.3%), whereas PCR identified significantly more Gram-negative bacteria than BC. In patients with positive PCR results, the PCT level was significantly higher than in patients with negative PCR (15.0±23.3 vs. 8.8±32.8 ng/ml, p<0.001). This difference was not observed for BC (10.6±25.7 vs. 11.6±44.9 ng/ml, p=0.075). The APACHE II score correlated with PCR (19.2±9.1 vs. 15.8±8.9, p<0.05) and was also higher in positive BC (18.7±8.7 vs. 14.4±8.0, p<0.01). Positive PCR and BC were correlated with negative clinical outcomes (e.g., transfer to ICU, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, death). CONCLUSION: In patients admitted with suspected severe infection, a high percentage of positive BC and PCR were observed. Positive findings in the PCR correlate with elevated levels of PCT and high APACHE II scores.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Sepse/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Sangue/microbiologia , Calcitonina/sangue , Peptídeo Relacionado com Gene de Calcitonina , Comportamento Cooperativo , Meios de Cultura , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , Micoses/diagnóstico , Micoses/microbiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Precursores de Proteínas/sangue , Sepse/microbiologia , Sono REM , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Among the many known health benefits of tea catechins count anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, as well as effects on the regulation of food intake. Here we address cannabimimetic bioactivity of catechin derivatives occurring in tea leaves as a possible cellular effector of these functionalities. Competitive radioligand binding assays using recombinant human cannabinoid receptors expressed in Chem-1 and CHO cells identified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, EGCG (K(i)=33.6 microM), (-)-epigallocatechin, EGC (K(i)=35.7 microM), and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, ECG (K(i)=47.3 microM) as ligands with moderate affinity for type 1 cannabinoid receptors, CB1. Binding to CB2 was weaker with inhibition constants exceeding 50 microM for EGC and ECG. The epimers (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin exhibited negligible affinities for both CB1 and CB2. It can be concluded that central nervous cannabinoid receptors may be targeted by selected tea catechins but signaling via peripheral type receptors is less likely to play a major role in vivo.
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Camellia sinensis/química , Canabinoides/metabolismo , Catequina/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Receptores de Canabinoides/metabolismo , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/química , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Ligantes , Folhas de Planta , Proteínas Recombinantes , Transdução de Sinais , CháRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dietary anthocyanins hold great promise in the prevention of chronic disease but factors affecting their bioavailability remain poorly defined. Specifically, the role played by transport mechanisms at the intestinal and blood-brain barriers (BBB) is currently unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In the present study, 16 anthocyanins and anthocyanidins were exposed to the human efflux transporters multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), using dye efflux, ATPase and, for BCRP, vesicular transport assays. KEY RESULTS: All test compounds interacted with the BCRP transporter in vitro. Of these, seven emerged as potential BCRP substrates (malvidin, petunidin, malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside) and 12 as potential inhibitors of BCRP (cyanidin, peonidin, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, malvidin, pelargonidin, delphinidin, petunidin, delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside, malvidin-3-galactoside). Malvidin, malvidin-3-galactoside and petunidin exhibited bimodal activities serving as BCRP substrates at low concentrations and, at higher concentrations, as BCRP inhibitors. Effects on MDR1, in contrast, were weak. Only aglycones exerted mild inhibitory activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Although the anthocyanidins under study may alter pharmacokinetics of drugs that are BCRP substrates, they are less likely to interfere with activities of MDR1 substrates. The present data suggest that several anthocyanins and anthocyanidins may be actively transported out of intestinal tissues and endothelia, limiting their bioavailability in plasma and brain.
Assuntos
Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/antagonistas & inibidores , Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/antagonistas & inibidores , Antocianinas/administração & dosagem , Antocianinas/isolamento & purificação , Disponibilidade Biológica , Transporte Biológico , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas , Frutas , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus in an immunocompetent individual leads to infectious mononucleosis with symptoms of diphtheroid angina, lymph node swelling in the neck and hepatosplenomegaly. The most common age of infection lies between 15 and 25 years. The illness can affect a number of organs simultaneously and thus requires interdisciplinary diagnostics. For differential diagnosis, a differential blood analysis and a EBV quick test are required. The presence of IgM antibodies demonstrates the presence of the infection. Ultrasound of the abdomen can be made to determine the involvement of additional organs. In most cases, recovery occurs without complications. Acute cases can usually be handled successfully with medication. If symptomatic treatment fails, pharyngeal airway obstruction is possible and a tonsillectomy may be necessary. Otherwise, surgical treatment is obsolete. Generally, the prognosis is good. Severe courses and complications are rare.
Assuntos
Mononucleose Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Mononucleose Infecciosa/terapia , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Padrões de Prática MédicaRESUMO
The Toxonostika IgM test, which has been examined in this study, is a modified antibody capture test (7). Evaluation with sera from newborns revealed that, like in the ELISA tested in 1988, doubtful or false positive results were obtained in 10% of the cases (6). Therefore, a positive toxoplasmosis IgM result in newborn sera should always be retested with another test system.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/análise , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/diagnóstico , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Reações Falso-Positivas , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
The influence of anticellular antibodies on reading and interpretation of Chlamydia-specific antibodies was investigated with selected sera in three commercial tests before and after absorption with noninfected cells. In two tests using C.trachomatis-L2-infected BGM- and L 929 cells, respectively, several sera could not be evaluated by unspecific reactions. The test system using only elementary bodies of C.trachomatis L2 showed no unspecific reactions.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Técnicas ImunológicasRESUMO
Antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis were detected with the immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) in 32 patients suffering from rheumatic diseases. In this test the cells infected with Chlamydia trachomatis serotype L2 were the antigen. In addition all sera were tested for anticellular antibodies, using non-infected cells as antigen. 13 out of these 32 IPA-positive patients (41%) were also positive with respect to anticellular antibodies.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Anticorpos/análise , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas/imunologia , Reações Falso-Positivas , Humanos , Técnicas ImunoenzimáticasRESUMO
Chlamydiae are Gram-negative bacteria with obligate intracellular reproduction and disability to synthesize high-energy compounds such as ATP. Their cycle of development is unique among the prokaryotes: the host cells, mainly epithelial cells, are infected by so-called elementary bodies (EB) which undergo reorganization to form metabolically active reticulate bodies (RB). These RB multiply by binary fission, and after transition into infectious EB they are released within 48-72 hours. Chlamydiae cause prolonged subclinical infections of the conjunctiva, lung, cervix, and urethra. Complications in newborns are inclusion conjunctivitis, nasopharyngitis and pneumonia; in females, salpingitis, infertility, and perihepatitis; in male patients, epididymitis and prostatitis; and in both sexes, Chlamydiae-induced arthritis. Identification of the pathogenic agent confirms clinical diagnosis; tissue culture identification remains the diagnostic method of choice. Therapeutical drugs are tetracycline, erythromycin, josamycin, and in certain cases quinolone derivatives.
Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia/microbiologia , Chlamydia/fisiologia , Animais , Artrite Infecciosa/microbiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Infecções por Chlamydia/tratamento farmacológico , Conjuntivite de Inclusão/microbiologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/microbiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Linfogranuloma Venéreo/microbiologia , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Gravidez , Psitacose/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The endogenous endophthalmitis is a septic-metastatic late complication of a generalized bacterial or fungal infection or an asymptomatic fungaemia. Aspergillus organisms are a rare cause of endophthalmitis. Aspergillus ocular manifestations have been mostly reported in connection with immunosuppression, severe diseases or drug abuse. PATIENT AND METHODS: A 51-year-old man underwent a kidney transplantation, an immunosuppressive therapy, and, in addition, treatments for some other generalized diseases. Endogenous endophthalmitis was diagnosed in both eyes at an interval of about eight weeks. The treatment included pars-plana-vitrectomy on both eyes. RESULTS: At first, an endogenous endophthalmitis was found in the right eye which was assumed to be induced by bacteria. About eight weeks later, however, an endogenous endophthalmitis was diagnosed in the left eye, also, which was caused by Aspergillus. The patient received an intensive medical care including operative, antibacterial and antimycotic treatments. The bacterial endophthalmitis in the right eye was healed, and the state of the left eye was found to be post-operatively stabilized. Unfortunately, the patient died of a septic shock in systemic Aspergillus infection. CONCLUSION: Endogenous endophthalmitis has a very poor prognosis. To our knowledge, the described medical history seems to be the first reported case of an endophthalmitis on both sides, apparently caused by bacteria in one eye and by fungi in the other one.
Assuntos
Aspergilose/diagnóstico , Endoftalmite/diagnóstico , Transplante de Rim , Infecções Oportunistas/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Aspergilose/cirurgia , Endoftalmite/cirurgia , Evolução Fatal , Fungemia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Oportunistas/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , VitrectomiaRESUMO
Pregnancy and intraabdominal masses rarely cointcidate. Therapeutical consequences are associated with possible complications such as intraabdominal pain, torquation of cystic tumors, rupture of cystic masses and pelvic inflammation. In less than 5% of the cases a malignant process during pregnancy can be expected. Prior to therapy of intraabdominal masses patients from typical endemic areas ought to be checked up for parasitic infections such as cystic echinococcosis treated specifically. Based on the following case report we present the epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy of cystics echinococcosis in pregnancy.