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OBJECTIVES: Sometimes performing PORP adequately is challenging when the stapes is tilted or the suprastructure is partially damaged owing to inflammation or infection. In such cases, the implementation of a TORP bypassing the stapes can be a useful alternative. This study aimed to investigate whether bypassing the stapes suprastructure during total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) affects postoperative complications or audiological outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among 104 patients who underwent open cavity mastoidectomy and ossiculoplasty using a titanium prosthesis at Korea University Ansan Hospital between January 2012 and December 2019, we compared the preoperative and postoperative audiological results and surgical complications of 52, 21, and 31 patients who underwent partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP), TORP bypassing the remaining stapes suprastructure, and TORP on the stapes footplate or oval window, respectively. RESULTS: The air-bone gap before surgery was significantly different in the TORP on the stapes footplate group (34.2 ± 12.0 dB) than that in the PORP (22.9 ± 13.8 dB) and TORP bypassing the stapes groups (20.7 ± 11.5 dB, p < 0.001). After surgery, there were no significant differences among the groups (p = 0.818). The air-bone gap difference before surgery was associated with the presence of stapes before surgery (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the proportion of postoperative tympanic perforation, whether it was a revision surgery, malleus status, or the size of perforation of the tympanic membrane among the three groups. CONCLUSION: When performing ossiculoplasty using TORP, bypassing the stapes did not affect surgical and audiologic outcomes.
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Prótese Ossicular , Substituição Ossicular , Humanos , Estribo , Substituição Ossicular/métodos , Mastoidectomia , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Pediatric idiopathic sudden hearing loss (PISSNHL) is a rare disease with no established factor affecting its prognosis. In this study, we investigate the risk factors affecting the prognosis of PISSNHL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among the patients who visited our hospital from January 2010 to December 2021, the characteristics associated prognosis of 54 patients with unilateral PISSNHL were retrospectively confirmed. RESULTS: Patients' recovery was determined by applying Siegel's criteria (SC) and AAO-HNS criteria (AC). Twenty-seven (50 %) and 29 patients (54.3 %) recovered for SC and AC, respectively. Age, sex, side, duration between onset and treatment, administration of intra-tympanic steroid injection, accompanying symptoms (tinnitus and dizziness), BMI, serum creatinine level, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte count (PLR), lymphocyte count, and platelet count were not significantly different between the recovery group and the poor recovery group (P > 0.05). The patients were divided into five groups according to the initial hearing of the affected ear and again according to their audiogram type. The initial hearing levels, hearing level severity, and the audiogram type were significantly different between the deaf group (>100 dB HL) and the non-deaf group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of PISSNHL is closely related to the initial hearing at the onset. If the initial hearing level is <100 dB, the recovery rate is approximately 50 %, therefore requiring active treatment and emotional support. It may also be related to the type of audiometric curve.
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Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial , Perda Auditiva Súbita , Humanos , Criança , Perda Auditiva Súbita/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Súbita/tratamento farmacológico , Perda Auditiva Súbita/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prognóstico , Audição , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/etiologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/terapia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ablative fractional laser (AFL) systems are commonly used to treat various scars, and recent research has indicated that early treatment with AFL may have a preventive effect on scars. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of early treatment with a 10,600 nm carbon dioxide (CO2 ) AFL on thyroidectomy scars and compare it to late (conventional) treatment for the same and untreated controls. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective, evaluator-blinded, split-scar study on fresh thyroidectomy scars between July 2014 and July 2017. Scars were divided into two equal portions. Early AFL treatment had begun 1 month after surgery; five sessions on the right half of the scar was performed at 1-month intervals. Late AFL treatment followed for 1 month after the final early treatment session on the left half of the scar at the same interval. The scars were evaluated at 6 and 11 months postoperatively using scar analysis scales and patient questionnaires. RESULTS: Twenty-four out of 28 patients completed the study. The mean decrease in Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores was significantly higher for the early treated right halves of the scars both at the 6th month (vs. untreated controls) and at the 11th month (vs. late treated controls). The VSS subset analysis showed that the early treated sides had significantly greater improvement in pliability and height than the control sides at each point of evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative AFL treatment is safe and effective in improving linear surgical scars, such as thyroidectomy scars, and may be a promising option for scar prevention. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Cicatriz , Lasers de Gás , Cicatriz/patologia , Humanos , Lasers de Gás/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Tireoidectomia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a commonly used free flap for tongue cancer. Postoperative changes in the volume of free flap are known to influence the functional restoration of the resected tongue. This study aimed to estimate chronological volume changes in RFFFs for tongue cancer and to determine the clinical factors affecting these changes. METHODS: Clinical data for 19 patients who underwent RFFF reconstruction for tongue cancer between May 2004 and September 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The flap volume was measured 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery using CT and the Picture Archiving and Communication System software. RESULTS: Relative to volumes at 3 months, median flap volumes decreased to 98.55, 70.16, 62.86, and 58.84% at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. None of the evaluated parameters were correlated with volume changes. CONCLUSIONS: Over time, the volume of RFFF in the tongue decreased. Considering this, free flap reconstruction should be carried out in tongue cancer surgery.
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CONTEXT: Ototoxicity due to medications, such as aminoglycosides, is irreversible, and free radicals in the inner ear are assumed to play a major role. Because melatonin has an antioxidant property, we hypothesize that it might mitigate hair cell injury by aminoglycosides. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether melatonin has an alleviative effect on neomycin-induced hair cell injury in zebrafish (Danio rerio). METHODS: Various concentrations of melatonin were administered to 5-day post-fertilization zebrafish treated with 125 µM neomycin for 1 h. Surviving hair cells within four neuromasts were compared with that of a control group. Apoptosis was assessed via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. The changes of ultrastructure were confirmed using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Melatonin alleviated neomycin-induced hair cell injury in neuromasts (neomycin + melatonin 100 µM: 13.88 ± 0.91 cells, neomycin only: 7.85 ± 0.90 cells; n = 10, p < 0.05) and reduced neomycin-induced apoptosis in the TUNEL assay. In ultrastructural analysis, hair cells within the neuromasts in zebrafish were preserved exposed to 125 µM neomycin and 100 µM melatonin for 1 h in SEM findings. CONCLUSION: Melatonin is effective in alleviating aminoglycoside-induced hair cell injury in zebrafish. The results of this study demonstrated that melatonin has the potential to reduce apoptosis induced by aminoglycosides in zebrafish.
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Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Células Ciliadas Auditivas Internas/efeitos dos fármacos , Melatonina/metabolismo , Neomicina/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Síntese de Proteínas/efeitos adversos , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Antibacterianos/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Células Ciliadas Auditivas Internas/metabolismo , Células Ciliadas Auditivas Internas/ultraestrutura , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/metabolismo , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Neomicina/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Concentração Osmolar , Inibidores da Síntese de Proteínas/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Peixe-Zebra/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/genética , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate and compare learning curves for the retroauricular (RA) and transaxillary (TA) approaches in endoscopic hemithyroidectomy. METHODS: The medical records of 290 patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy by either the RA or TA approach from November 2007 through December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed (113 patients with RA and 177 with TA). The two groups were compared with regard to patient characteristics, perioperative clinical results, and complications. Learning curves for the two approaches were compared based on the number of cases required to reach a consistent operation time and drainage amount. RESULTS: Age at diagnosis, tumor size and location, and thyroid size were not significantly different between the two approach groups. Multiplicity and extrathyroid extension were more prevalent in the RA approach (p = 0.048 and 0.020, respectively). Operation time and hospital day were significantly shorter in the RA approach (p < 0.001 and p = 0.030), while postoperative bleeding was less common in the TA approach (p = 0.021). Operation time and drainage amount stabilized after 50 cases for RA and 90 cases for TA. Additionally, operation time, amount of drainage, hospital stay, and complication rates significantly decreased after stabilization of the learning curve. When comparing the two approaches before stabilization, postoperative bleeding was more frequent in the RA approach (p = 0.044), while no difference was observed after stabilization. CONCLUSIONS: The RA approach seems to be beneficial for reducing operation time and hospital stay, and for stabilization of the learning curve. Postoperative bleeding should be considered during the period of early experience for the RA approach.
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Competência Clínica , Endoscopia/métodos , Curva de Aprendizado , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Tireoidectomia/métodos , Adulto , Endoscopia/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Tireoidectomia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative voice outcomes and functional parameters in total thyroidectomy via a transaxillary (TA) approach. METHODS: Seventy-six patients who underwent total thyroidectomy via a TA approach (TA group) were included. A total of 204 patients who underwent conventional open total thyroidectomy (conventional group) in the same time period were analyzed as a control group. All patients underwent prospective functional evaluations before surgery and at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively using a comprehensive battery of functional assessments. RESULTS: There was no conversion to conventional open thyroidectomy in the TA group. Operation time and the amount of drainage were significantly higher in the TA group than in the conventional group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively), while vocal cord paralysis, hypoparathyroidism, and hematoma were not different among two groups (p = 0.215, 0.290, and 0.385, respectively). Regarding GRBAS, the TA group showed a more aggravated tendency postoperatively, although statistical significance was attained only at postoperative 6 months (p = 0.043). The voice handicap index abruptly increased postoperatively in the TA group, showing significant differences with the conventional group at postoperative 1 week and 1 month (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Fundamental frequency and maximal vocal pitch did not significantly change postoperatively in either group. The conventional group showed a more rapid decline in pain than the TA group, and paresthesias on the neck and chest were more aggravated in the TA group during the early postoperative period. The dysphagia handicap index was higher in the TA group, while cosmesis was better in the TA group at all postoperative periods. CONCLUSIONS: Although cosmetic outcome was better with the TA approach, the longer operation time, aggravated subjective voice outcomes, paresthesia, and swallowing function need to be considered in selecting the operative approach.
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Tireoidectomia/métodos , Adulto , Axila , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Parestesia/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Qualidade da VozRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the 8-year incidence and progression of hearing loss (HL) and its types and examined the risk factors for changes in HL. METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study analyzed data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), an ongoing, prospective, community-based cohort study that has been conducted since 2001. Altogether, 1,890 residents of urban areas in Korea aged 45-75 years at time 1 (baseline) were included in the study. Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) testing was performed twice, at time 1 (2008-2009) and time 2 (2015-2018, follow-up), 8 years apart. HL grades were defined as seven mutually exclusive categories following the revised World Health Organization classification. Incidence was defined as PTA >20 dB HL in the better ear at time 2 among those without HL at time 1. Progression was defined as the progressive deterioration of HL among those with HL at time 1. The three types of HL constituted sensorineural (SNHL), conductive, and mixed HL. RESULTS: At time 1, 36.40% of patients were diagnosed with HL, which increased to 51.64% at time 2. The 8-year incidence of HL was 27.20%, and progressive deterioration of HL occurred in 23.11% of those with HL. SNHL was the most common type of HL, and its prevalence markedly increased at time 2. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the incidence of HL was significantly associated with increasing age, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.81), and diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04-1.96). Alcohol consumption was a risk factor for HL deterioration among those with HL at time 1. CONCLUSION: The prevalence and deterioration of HL were extremely high among older adults, and age was the strongest risk factor for these changes. Therefore, timely screening and intervention are necessary to prevent HL and delay its deterioration among older adults.
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OBJECTIVE: In patients with unilateral tinnitus with normal hearing, several studies have compared the ipsilateral and contralateral ears; however, few studies have investigated its relationship with the duration of tinnitus. We compared the auditory brainstem response and otoacoustic emission parameters between ipsilateral and contralateral ears in adults with unilateral tinnitus and normal hearing. METHODS: This retrospective review included 84 patients with unilateral tinnitus and normal hearing who underwent auditory brainstem response and otoacoustic emission; they were categorized according to the duration of tinnitus. The latencies and amplitudes of waves I, III, and V, and V/I ratio of both ears in auditory brainstem response, and the results of distortion-product otoacoustic emission and transient evoked otoacoustic emission were examined. The auditory brainstem response parameters, distortion-product otoacoustic emission parameters, and transient evoked otoacoustic emission parameters between the ipsilateral and contralateral ears along the duration of tinnitus were analyzed. Moreover, the failure rates of both distortion-product otoacoustic emission and transient evoked otoacoustic emission between the ears along with the duration and the effects of the variables on the amplitude and latency of each wave were examined. RESULTS: In this study, laterality seemed to have an effect on wave I latency in the multiple linear regression analysis. The distortion-product otoacoustic emission failure rate of the ipsilateral ear was higher than that of the contralateral ear in all patients. However, there was no remarkable difference between the ears in the distortion-product otoacoustic emission and transient evoked otoacoustic emission parameters throughout the duration. CONCLUSION: We found that outer hair cells and the distal portion of the cochlear nerve are possible pathologic lesions in tinnitus with normal hearing and cochlear synaptopathy could be suspected. Further studies, including those on inner hair cells and higher central cortex, are needed.
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Zumbido , Adulto , Humanos , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos do Tronco Encefálico/fisiologia , Emissões Otoacústicas Espontâneas/fisiologia , Cóclea , Testes AuditivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a machine learning model and the effects of major prognostic factors on hearing outcomes following intact canal wall (ICW) mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. METHODS: A total of 484 patients with chronic otitis media who underwent ICW tympanomastoidectomy between January 2007 and December 2020 were included in this study. Successful hearing outcomes were defined by a postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) of ≤20 dB and preoperative air conduction (AC)-postoperative AC value of ≥15 dB according to the Korean Otological Society guidelines for outcome reporting after chronic otitis media surgery. The light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models were tested as artificial intelligence models and compared using logistic regression. The main outcome assessed was the successful hearing outcome after surgery, measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS: In the analysis using the postoperative ABG criterion, the LightGBM exhibited a significantly higher AUROC compared to those of the baseline model (mean, 0.811). According to the difference between preoperative and postoperative AC, the MLP showed a significantly higher AUROC than those of the baseline model (mean, 0.795). CONCLUSION: This study analyzed multiple factors that could affect the hearing outcome using different artificial intelligence models and found that preoperative hearing status was the most important factor. Our findings provide additional information regarding postoperative hearing for clinicians.
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Otite Média , Timpanoplastia , Humanos , Mastoidectomia , Inteligência Artificial , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Resultado do Tratamento , Audição , Prognóstico , Otite Média/cirurgia , Doença CrônicaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations for determining the surgical extent in patients with locally invasive differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Locally invasive DTC with gross extrathyroidal extension invading surrounding anatomical structures may lead to several functional deficits and poor oncological outcomes. At present, the optimal extent of surgery in locally invasive DTC remains a matter of debate, and there are no adequate guidelines. On October 8, 2021, four experts searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases; the identified papers were reviewed by 39 experts in thyroid and head and neck surgery. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence, and to develop and report recommendations. The strength of a recommendation reflects the confidence of a guideline panel that the desirable effects of an intervention outweigh any undesirable effects, across all patients for whom the recommendation is applicable. After completing the draft guidelines, Delphi questionnaires were completed by members of the Korean Society of Head and Neck Surgery. Twenty-seven evidence-based recommendations were made for several factors, including the preoperative workup; surgical extent of thyroidectomy; surgery for cancer invading the strap muscles, recurrent laryngeal nerve, laryngeal framework, trachea, or esophagus; and surgery for patients with central and lateral cervical lymph node involvement. Evidence-based guidelines were devised to help clinicians make safer and more efficient clinical decisions for the optimal surgical treatment of patients with locally invasive DTC.
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Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) can cause secondary bacterial and fungal infections by affecting the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis alpha and certain cytokines, as well as the numbers of CD4 and CD8 cells. In particular, in the head and neck, various fungal species are naturally present, making it the main route of secondary infection. It is difficult to clearly distinguish whether secondary infection is caused by COVID-19 directly or indirectly as a result of the immunocompromised state induced by drugs used to treat the disease. However, the risk of fungal infection is high in patients with severe COVID-19, and lymphopenia is observed in most patients with the disease. Patients with COVID-19 who are immunosuppressed or have other pre-existing comorbidities are at a significantly higher risk of acquiring invasive fungal infections. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients, early diagnosis is required, and treatment with systemic antifungal drugs or surgical necrotic tissue resection is essential. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the risk of fungal infection in the head and neck of patients with COVID-19 and provide information that could reduce the risk of mortality.
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OBJECTIVE: Head and neck cancer often accompany a synchronous secondary primary lesion in the digestive tract. The aim of this study was to compare detection rates between positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (G-fiber) or colonoscopy (C-fiber) in the initial staging and to analyze risk factors for premalignant, malignant, and total synchronous secondary primary lesions. METHODS: A total of 739 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent PET-CT, G-fiber, or C-fiber were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Positron emission tomography-CT did not definitely detect any premalignant synchronous secondary primary lesions (0 [0%] of 739) but definitely detected 10 malignant synchronous secondary primary lesions (10 [1.35%] of 739). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy or C-fiber detected all 20 premalignant synchronous secondary primary lesions (20 [2.71%] of 739) and all 37 malignant synchronous secondary primary lesions (37 [5.00%] of 739). The patients with nasopharynx cancer tended to have premalignant synchronous secondary primary lesions (odds ratio [OR]: 3.793; 95% CI: 1.414-10.171; P = .008). Those with distant metastasis tended to have premalignant (OR: 4.743; 95% CI: 1.508-14.916; P = .009), malignant (OR: 3.803; 95% CI: 1.486-9.731; P = .005), and total synchronous secondary primary lesions (OR: 2.753; 95% CI: 1.159-6.538; P = .022). CONCLUSIONS: Premalignant or malignant synchronous secondary primary lesions that were not definitely detected by PET-CT could be found in the endoscopic examination.
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Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily and a newly recognized invasion-related gene. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) is a 30-kD protein binding to RAGE and acting as a transcription-factor-like protein that regulates the expression of several genes. In this study, the interaction effect between RAGE and HMGB-1 on the migration of SCC7 cells was investigated along with the inhibitory effect of the drug nifedipine on this interaction effect. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Ten surgical specimens from patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck and a SCC7 cell line were stained using immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical methods. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect RAGE expression in SCC7 cells; Western blot analysis was used to detect HMGB-1 expression in SCC7 cells. An in vitro migration assay (Boyden chamber migration assay) was used for evaluating the interaction effect between RAGE and HMGB-1 on the migration of SCC7 cells. HMGB-1 and various concentrations of nifedipine were tested for their effect on SCC7 cell migration with in vitro migration assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: RAGE and HMGB-1 were expressed in almost all human head and neck SCC tissues and in SCC7 cells as detected by immunostaining. The migration assay showed that the interaction between RAGE and HMGB-1 increased SCC7 migration activity depending on the level of HMGB-1, and nifedipine inhibited the interaction effect between RAGE and HMGB-1 on SCC7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The interaction between RAGE and HMGB-1 could be closely associated with metastasis of SCC of the head and neck. Nifedipine may have an inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Movimento Celular , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Nifedipino/farmacologia , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Migração Celular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Proteína HMGB1/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína HMGB1/genética , Proteína HMGB1/imunologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Receptores Imunológicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Receptores Imunológicos/imunologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: When conservative therapy fails for chronic parotitis, sialendoscopic treatment or surgical excision can be considered. However, these are financially costly or invasive. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin (BTX) injection and to further analyze its effect on parotid gland function and volume using salivary single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-computed tomography (CT). METHODS: This clinical trial has been registered in the Clinical Research Information Service, Republic of Korea. Fourteen patients with chronic parotitis received BTX injections into the parotid glands. Pain, postprandial pain, swelling, aesthetic discomfort, and salivary flow rate were assessed before injection, at 2 weeks, and at 1, 3, and 6 months. Salivary SPECT-CT was performed before injection and again 3 and 6 months after to assess the volume and uptake changes. RESULTS: All subjective symptoms decreased significantly until 1 month and then increased. However, at 6 months, all subjective symptoms were determined to be better than before injection. The unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate did not show a significant difference over time. No significant difference was noted in parotid gland volume or uptake on salivary SPECT-CT over time. CONCLUSION: BTX injection can be an alternative treatment option for chronic parotitis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1903-E1909, 2021.
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Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuromusculares/uso terapêutico , Parotidite/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/administração & dosagem , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fármacos Neuromusculares/administração & dosagem , Medição da Dor , Parotidite/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Estudos Prospectivos , República da Coreia , SalivaçãoRESUMO
The present study aimed to investigate expression of ß2-adrenergic receptor (AR), the effect of the stress-related neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) on cell viability, proliferation and the therapeutic effect of propranolol, which is a typical ß-blocker in various type of head and neck cancers for the first time. The ß2-AR expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry and an immunoreactive scoring (IRS) system in 57 different head and neck cancer specimens, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in four head and neck cancer cell lines (HNCCLs). Cell viability and proliferation assays were performed using 0, 1, 5 and 10 µM of NE and 1 µM of propranolol in four HNCCLs. The expression of ß2-AR was positive in the majority of head and neck cancer tissues (55/57, 96.5%); however, it was significantly higher in oral cavity cancer than in pharyngeal cancer (median IRS: 9 vs. 3; P<0.001). All HNCCLs exhibited ß2-AR expression, with a higher expression level detected in the oral cavity cancer cell line than in the others. NE stimulated viability (oral cavity, 206%; larynx, 156%; pharynx, 130%; nasal cavity, 137%; 10 µM NE) and proliferation (124, 176, 131 and 127%, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner in all HNCCLs. Conversely, propranolol attenuated such viability (55, 42, 18 and 22%, respectively) and proliferation (22, 40, 61 and 48%, respectively). In conclusion, the viability and proliferation of various head and neck cancers may be directly stimulated by stress and this may be attenuated by ß-blockers.
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OBJECTIVES: Prognosticating idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is an important challenge. In our study, a dataset was split into training and test sets and cross-validation was implemented on the training set, thereby determining the hyperparameters for machine learning models with high test accuracy and low bias. The effectiveness of the following five machine learning models for predicting the hearing prognosis in patients with ISSNHL after 1 month of treatment was assessed: adaptive boosting, K-nearest neighbor, multilayer perceptron, random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). METHODS: The medical records of 523 patients with ISSNHL admitted to Korea University Ansan Hospital between January 2010 and October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. In this study, we analyzed data from 227 patients (recovery, 106; no recovery, 121) after excluding those with missing data. To determine risk factors, statistical hypothesis tests (e.g., the two-sample t-test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables) were conducted to compare patients who did or did not recover. Variables were selected using an RF model depending on two criteria (mean decreases in the Gini index and accuracy). RESULTS: The SVM model using selected predictors achieved both the highest accuracy (75.36%) and the highest F-score (0.74) on the test set. The RF model with selected variables demonstrated the second-highest accuracy (73.91%) and F-score (0.74). The RF model with the original variables showed the same accuracy (73.91%) as that of the RF model with selected variables, but a lower F-score (0.73). All the tested models, except RF, demonstrated better performance after variable selection based on RF. CONCLUSION: The SVM model with selected predictors was the best-performing of the tested prediction models. The RF model with selected predictors was the second-best model. Therefore, machine learning models can be used to predict hearing recovery in patients with ISSNHL.
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Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare malignancy with very poor prognosis. The exact cause underlying its strong aggressive nature is not clear. Here, we discovered the elevated expression of anoctamin-1 (ANO1; Ca2+-activated Cl- channels) in advanced-stage ATC tissue. Using different ATC cell lines, the degree of expression of ANO1 was found to be related to the degree of ATC cell invasion by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Suppression of ANO1 activity either by selective inhibitor (T16Ainh-A01) or by siRNA significantly attenuated the migration and invasion of ATC cells. In conclusion, ANO1 appears to increase the ability of ATC cells to invade and migrate. Our results also suggest that the expression of ANO1 in patients with ATC may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of ATC.
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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine an appropriate cutoff value for the resection margin according to the initial T classification. METHODS: The medical records of 151 patients treated by surgery for tongue cancer were retrospectively reviewed to identify the significant perioperative parameters and appropriate cutoff value associated with disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS: The posterior resection margin was significantly correlated with survival and local recurrence (P = .020 and .016, respectively), whereas the deep resection margin was correlated with overall recurrence (P = .047). The cutoff values of the posterior and deep resection margins for survival and recurrence were different and larger in the advanced-stage T classification group (0.45 cm vs 0.95 cm and 0.25 cm vs 0.80 cm, respectively). CONCLUSION: Posterior and deep resection margins are significant prognosticators in tongue cancer. A larger resection margin may be needed in advanced-stage T classification.
Assuntos
Margens de Excisão , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Língua/cirurgia , Idoso , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Língua/classificação , Neoplasias da Língua/mortalidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the temporal changes of voice quality after thyroidectomy and assessed the predictive perioperative parameters of postthyroidectomy voice disorder (PTVD). STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort study. METHODS: From March 2011 to July 2014, 559 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent prospective voice evaluation using the subjective and objective comprehensive battery of assessments, preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. RESULTS: Fundamental frequency (F0) was not significantly decreased during the postoperative follow-up. Maximal vocal pitch (MVP) and maximal intensity were not recovered, even at 1 year postoperatively, whereas the Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain scale reached preoperative value at postoperative 3-6 months and voice handicap index at 1 year. Postoperative 1-month MVP was the best predictor for PTVD, and the cut-off value was 80% of preoperative value. Wide surgical extent and high preoperative F0 were the parameters that significantly correlated with PTVD (P = 0.021 and P < 0.001, respectively), and large tumor, higher preoperative MVP, and lower postoperative 1-month F0 were significantly associated with permanent PTVD (P = 0.028, P < 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Different recovery patterns of voice parameters should be considered in preoperative counseling. Intensive voice therapy may be needed for patients with the ability to produce higher pitch than normal preoperatively and wide surgical extent.