Which is a better treatment for hypertensive patients with diabetes: a combination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide or a maximum dose of losartan?

BACKGROUND: This 12-month study compared the effects of a combination of losartan 50 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg with a maximum dose of losartan (100 mg) in hypertensive patients with diabetes. METHODS: This was a multicenter randomized open-label study. RESULTS: A similar reduction in systolic/diastolic blood pressure from baseline to month 3 was observed in both groups. There was also a similar decrease in UACR in both groups. A significant decrease in uric acid was observed in the maximum-dose group only. eGFR decreased in the combination group after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of losartan and a diuretic may be a useful option in such hypertensive patients with diabetes, provided that metabolic parameters are closely monitored. In patients with hyperuricemia and impaired renal function, a maximum dose of losartan may be more beneficial.

Carboxylation of anisole derivatives with CO and O2 catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 and molybdovanadophosphates.

Anisole and its homologues were carboxylated under the influence of CO and O2 catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 combined with molybdovanadophosphates (HPMoV) under mild conditions to give the corresponding carboxylic acids in fair to good yields; for instance, anisole underwent the carboxylation under a mixed gas of CO (0.5 atm) and O2 (0.5 atm) in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 (5 mol%) and H5PMo10V2O40.nH2O (2 mol%) to form an isomeric mixture of anisic acids in good yield.

Efficacy of vildagliptin on glucose fluctuation in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with ongoing sulfonylurea based oral glycemic agent therapy.

AIM: To investigate whether vildagliptin, one of the dipeptidylpeptide-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors, improves not only glycemic control but also glycemic fluctuation when added to ongoing sulfonylurea (SU) based oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total of 19 patients with T2DM were recruited from outpatients. Vildagliptin was initiated with a dose of 100mg per day in the patients who had inadequate glycemic control and glycemic fluctuation with ongoing SU based OHA therapy. Glycemic excursion was defined by seven-point self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) on three days at baseline and 12 weeks after vildagliptin-combined therapy, as well as HbA1c levels. M-value and J-index were calculated to evaluate glycemic excursion. RESULTS: Addition of vildagliptin to ongoing SU based OHA therapy significantly decreased HbA1c values from 8.2 ± 3.8% at baseline to 7.3 ± 0.8% at 12-week. The average of blood glucose profiles was significant improved. As a result, M-value was significantly corrected from 20.9 ± 14.4 to 12.2 ± 13.5 and J-index from 55.1 ± 25.5 to 39.1 ± 19.8. CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin when added to ongoing SU based OHA therapy for 12 weeks significantly improved glycemic fluctuation as well as glycemic control in Japanese patients with T2DM.