Child-eating behaviour as predictor of anthropometric status of preschool children aged 2-4 years in Umuahia South LGA Abia State, Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Eating behaviour at the childhood level plays a vital role in the outcome of the nutritional status and the overall health of an individual. The study was focused on the association between anthropometric status and child eating behaviour. METHODOLOGY: A community-based cross-sectional survey purposively enrolled consenting participants from 256 households with preschool children aged 2-4 years. The parents/legal guardians were interviewed on the eating behaviour of their children using a validated semi-structured child-eating behaviour scale, and anthropometric measurement of the children were taken. WHO Anthro-software for child growth standards was used to categorize anthropometric status of the preschool children. Paired sample t-test was performed to compare child-eating behaviour by gender, while regression and correlation analysis was performed to determine the extent to which child-eating behaviour predicted anthropometric status at 5% level of significance. RESULTS: Mean comparison of child eating behaviour by gender showed significant difference (P < 0.05) between male and female children in their eating behaviour with respect to enjoyment of food and satiety responsiveness. Some of the children were wasted (26.6%), stunted (20.7%) and underweight (16.4%). A significant association (P < 0.05) was observed between body mass index-for-age and food fussiness behaviour of the children. There was also a significant difference (P < 0.05) between weight-for-age and food fussiness behaviour of the children. CONCLUSION: The study showed that child eating behaviour may have contributed to the anthropometric status of the children, however, differences in their eating behaviours by gender was observed.

Identifying Co-occurring Disorders Among Patients With an Opioid involved Hospital Encounter Using National Hospital Care Survey Data.

This report documents the development of the 2016 National Hospital Care Survey (NHCS) Co-occurring Disorders Algorithm, which can be used to identify patients with an opioid-involved hospital encounter who had lifetime diagnoses of both a substance use disorder and a selected mental health issue. Lifetime diagnoses are defined as diagnoses at any point in the past or during the current encounter. This algorithm was created to complement the earlier NHCS Enhanced Opioid Identification Algorithm designed to improve the classification of patients with opioid-involved hospital encounters.

National Hospital Care Survey Demonstration Projects:Characteristics and Mortality Outcomes of Opioid-involved Hospital Encounters With Co-occurring Disorders.

This report demonstrates the use of National Hospital Care Survey (NHCS) data to describe characteristics of patients experiencing opioid-involved hospital encounters with co-occurring disorders, defined as lifetime diagnoses of both a substance use disorder (SUD) and a selected mental health issue (MHI), that is, diagnosed at any point in the past or during the present encounter.

The Influence of Socioeconomic Characteristics on Anthropometry, Nutrition Knowledge, and Attitude of People Living With HIV/AIDS Attending Special Treatment Center (STC) National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria.

The work is on the influence of socioeconomic status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on their anthropometry, nutrition knowledge, and attitude, attending special treatment center (STC) in National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was carried out in the STC and a total of two hundred and seventy [270 (150 men and 120 women)] PLWHA were used for the study. The PLWHA attend STC once in 2 months and subjects were grouped into 16 giving 4 groups per week since the center runs Monday through Thursday weekly and by 2 months, there were altogether 32 groups. Socioeconomic characteristics, nutrition knowledge and attitude, and anthropometric data were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and regression analysis. The study revealed that 41.1% of PLWHA had poor knowledge of nutrition, 29.1% had both fair and good knowledge while 0.7% had excellent knowledge. A total of 52.8% had a positive attitude toward nutrition. The skinfold status of the respondents showed that 56.0% were malnourished, while their body mass index (BMI) revealed that 49.3% were normal. Gender (being female) and age (being young) had a significant (P < 0.01) influence on the BMI of PLWHA, while being female significantly influenced their skinfold status. Self-employed and being female were strongest (P < 0.01) positive predictors of nutrition knowledge, while low education had a negative influence on their attitude toward nutrition. Good nutrition knowledge, attitude, and improved socioeconomic characteristics are important tools in the care process of PLWHA, for sustainable healthy PLWHA, leading to a healthy society at large.

Enhancing Identification of Opioid-involved Health Outcomes Using National Hospital Care Survey Data.

Objectives This report documents the development of the 2016 National Hospital Care Survey (NHCS) Enhanced Opioid Identification Algorithm, an algorithm that can be used to identify opioid-involved and opioid overdose hospital encounters. Additionally, the algorithm can be used to identify opioids and opioid antagonists that can be used to reverse opioid overdose (naloxone) and to treat opioid use disorder (naltrexone).

The prevalence and determinants of active tuberculosis among diabetes patients in Cape Town, South Africa, a high HIV/TB burden setting.

AIMS: Studies addressing the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We assessed the prevalence of active TB among DM patients at a primary care clinic, and identified risk factors for prevalent TB. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in adult DM patients attending a clinic in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Participants were screened for active TB (symptom screening and microbiological diagnosis) and HIV. RESULTS: Among 440 DM patients screened, the active TB prevalence was 3.0% (95% CI 1.72-5.03). Of the 13 prevalent TB cases, 53.9% (n = 7; 95% CI 27.20-78.50) had no TB symptoms, and 61.5% (n = 8; 95% CI 33.30-83.70) were HIV-1 co-infected. There were no significant differences in either fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c levels between TB and non-TB participants. On multivariate analysis, HIV-1 infection (OR 11.3, 95% CI 3.26-39.42) and hemoptysis (OR 31.4, 95% CI 3.62-273.35) were strongly associated with prevalent active TB, with no differences in this association by age or gender. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of active TB among DM patients was 4-fold higher than the national prevalence; suggesting the need for active TB screening, particularly if hemoptysis is reported. Our results highlight the importance of HIV screening in this older population group. The high prevalence of sub-clinical TB among those diagnosed with TB highlights the need for further research to determine how best to screen for active TB in high-risk TB/HIV population groups and settings.