Differential responses of dwarf cashew clones to salinity are associated to osmotic adjustment mechanisms and enzymatic antioxidative defense.

This study evaluate growth, gas exchange, solute accumulation and activity of antioxidant enzymes in dwarf cashew clones subjected to salinity. Shoot dry mass reduced 26.8% (CCP06) and 41.2% (BRS189) at 16 dS m-1, concerning control. For net photosynthesis, CCP06 and BRS189 presented 69.8% and 34.7% of reduction, respectively. Na+ and Cl- contents increased in leaves and roots, in both clones, although CCP06 leaves presented Na+ concentrations lower than those of BRS189, the first one was the clone that the most accumulated such toxic ion, whereas K+ content remained almost unchanged for both clones. Soluble N-amino was the organic solute that more varied with salinity in cashew seedlings. Salt stress increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in both clones, mainly 16 dS m-1 treatment. Additionally, salinity promoted increases in ascorbate and guaiacol peroxidase activities, and the last enzyme was the main involved in H2O2 removal. Despite the reductions in growth and gas exchange, dwarf cashew seedlings of both clones presented an osmotic adjustment mechanism, and an efficient enzymatic antioxidant system that were able to attenuate the salt and oxidative stress, respectively. Our research suggested that BRS189 clone is more tolerant to salt stress than CCP06.

Directional Field-Dependence of Magnetoimpedance Effect on Integrated YIG/Pt-Stripline System.

We investigated the magnetization dynamics through the magnetoimpedance effect in an integrated YIG/Pt-stripline system in the frequency range of 0.5 up to 2.0 GHz. Specifically, we explore the dependence of the dynamic magnetic behavior on the field orientation by analyzing beyond the traditional longitudinal magnetoimpedance effect of the transverse and perpendicular setups. We disclose here the strong dependence of the effective damping parameter on the field orientation, as well as verification of the very-low damping parameter values for the longitudinal and transverse configurations. We find considerable sensitivity results, bringing to light the facilities to integrate ferrimagnetic insulators in current and future technological applications.

Cryopreservation of banana's cv Grand Naine in vitro rhizomes.

The preservation of banana genetic material is usually performed through seedlings. However, most banana cultivars do not produce seed and are propagated vegetatively. Therefore, cryopreservation is a feasible technique that allows the preservation of banana genotypes indefinitely. For the success of cryopreservation protocols, the selection of cryoprotectants and pre-freezing techniques are important factor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of different cryoprotectants with and without 1% phloroglucinol and pre-cooling periods on the development of a protocol for cryopreservation of in vitro rhizomes ofMusa accuminata(AAA) cv Grand Naine banana. The addition of 1% phloroglucinol to the cryoprotective solutions, such as PVS2 enhanced recovery of cryopreserved banana rhizomes. In addition, pre-cooling of explants in ice for 3 hours in PVS2 + 1% of phloroglucinol allowed efficient cryopreservation of banana rhizomes, followed by successful recovery and regeneration of in vitro shoots of banana cv Grand Naine.

Seed reserve composition and mobilization during germination and early seedling establishment of Cereus jamacaru D.C. ssp. jamacaru (Cactaceae).

Cereus jamacaru, a Cactaceae found throughout northeast Brazil, is widely used as cattle food and as an ornamental and medicinal plant. However, there has been little information about the physiological and biochemical aspects involved in its germination. The aim of this study was to investigate its reserve mobilization during germination and early seedling growth. For this, C. jamacaru seeds were germinated in a growth chamber and collected at 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12 days after imbibition for morphological and biochemical analyses. Dry seeds had wrinkled seed coats and large, curved embryos. Lipids were the most abundant reserve, comprising approximately 55% and 65% of the dry mass for cotyledons and the hypocotylradicle axis, respectively. Soluble sugars and starch were the minor reserves, corresponding to approximately 2.2% of the cotyledons' dry mass, although their levels showed significant changes during germination. Soluble proteins corresponded to 40% of the cotyledons' dry mass, which was reduced by 81% at the final period of germination compared to dry seeds. C. jamacaru seed can be classified as an oil seed due to its high lipid content. Moreover, lipids were the main reserve mobilized during germination because their levels were strongly reduced after seed germination, while proteins were the second most utilized reserve in this process.

Cryopreservation of banana's cv Grand Naine in vitro rhizomes

ABSTRACT The preservation of banana genetic material is usually performed through seedlings. However, most banana cultivars do not produce seed and are propagated vegetatively. Therefore, cryopreservation is a feasible technique that allows the preservation of banana genotypes indefinitely. For the success of cryopreservation protocols, the selection of cryoprotectants and pre-freezing techniques are important factor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of different cryoprotectants with and without 1% phloroglucinol and pre-cooling periods on the development of a protocol for cryopreservation of in vitro rhizomes ofMusa accuminata(AAA) cv Grand Naine banana. The addition of 1% phloroglucinol to the cryoprotective solutions, such as PVS2 enhanced recovery of cryopreserved banana rhizomes. In addition, pre-cooling of explants in ice for 3 hours in PVS2 + 1% of phloroglucinol allowed efficient cryopreservation of banana rhizomes, followed by successful recovery and regeneration of in vitro shoots of banana cv Grand Naine.

Chest physiotherapy effectiveness to reduce hospitalization and mechanical ventilation length of stay, pulmonary infection rate and mortality in ICU patients.

INTRODUCTION: Although physiotherapy is an integral part of the multiprofessional team in most ICUs there is only limited evidence concerning the effectiveness of its procedures. The objectives of this study were to verify if physiotherapy care provided within 24 h/day for hospitalized patients in the ICU reduce the length of stay, mechanical ventilation support, pulmonary infection and mortality compared to a physiotherapy care provided within 6 h/day. METHODS: A cohort study was designed to assess differences between one hospital where patients were given physiotherapy care for 24 h/day and another hospital with only 6 h/day. We considered the following as outcome measurements: clinical diagnosis, medication in use, presence of associated diseases, APACHE II and SOFA scores, ICU and mechanical ventilation length of stay, development of pulmonary infections and survival. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-six patients were enrolled. Patients admitted in the service A presented a lower length of stay in mechanical ventilation (p < 0.0001), ICU stay (p = 0.0003), respiratory infections (p = 0.0043) than patients admitted in service B. No difference was found for APACHE II score (p = 0.8) and SOFA scores (p = 0.2) between groups. The mortality risk was OR 1.3 (1.01-2.33) (p = 0.04) for patients in the service B. CONCLUSION: The presence of a physiotherapist in the intensive care unit contributes decisively to the early recovery of the patient, reducing mechanical ventilation support need, number of hospitalization days, incidence of respiratory infection and risk of mortality.

Estudo retrospectivo das colecistectomias convencional e laparoscópica / Retrospective study of conventional and laparoscopic cholecystectomies

Os autores apresentam um estudo retrospectivo de 200 pacientes operados no Hospital Saúde, pelo mesmo cirurgiao, de colecistite calculosa. Desses pacientes, 100 foram operados pela técnica convencional e os demais pela técnica laparoscópica. Foram analisados: tempo cirúrgico e de hospitalizaçao; necessidade de analgésicos potentes e complicaçoes pós-operatórias. Esse estudo permitiu concluir a superioridade, estatisticamente significativa, da cirurgia laparoscópica em relaçao à convencional quanto ao tempo cirúrgico, tempo de hospitalizaçao, necessidade de analgésicos potentes e índice de morbidade.