Social representations of health care by homeless people. / Representações sociais do cuidado em saúde de pessoas em situação de rua.

Objective Identify and analyze the structure and content of the social representations of homeless people in relation to health care. Method Qualitative study, based on the structural approach of the Theory of Social Representations, conducted with homeless people, linked to two institutional shelters. To produce the data, the free-association test was used. The resulting data was processed by two software and analyzed according to the theory above. Results Seventy-two people participated in the study. The set of evocations from the four-quadrant chart refers to individual, social and cultural actions. The terms 'doctor', 'taking care of yourself' and 'eating' composed the central core of the representation, indicating image-related and functional dimensions of the object investigated. The word cloud confirmed the centrality of the terms. Conclusion The investigated group represents health care as a dynamic action, linked to the person and context, and is anchored in elements of the hygienist conception.

Uncoordinated psychosocial network compromising the integrality of care.

Objective To discuss the lack of coordination in the Psychosocial Care Network from the conception of professionals of a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (Portuguese acronym: CAPSad). Method Qualitative study conducted with professionals from a CAPSad unit. The empirical material was produced through two reflection workshops focused on care experiences, and analysis using the discourse analysis technique. The category of analysis was integrality. Results Nine professionals participated in the study. All of them reported being part of a disarticulated service network, in disagreement with principles of the national mental health policy, which directly affects the resolution of care provided in the unit. Conclusion The operating logic in the Psychosocial Care Network tends to reduce the care of drug users to the CAPSad assistance, hence compromising the integrality of care.

Gender, violence and being homeless: the experience of women and high risk drug use. / Gênero, violência e viver na rua: vivências de mulheres que fazem uso problemático de drogas.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of homeless women and their high risk drug use. METHOD: Qualitative research whose data were produced by semi-structured interviews conducted with seven women enrolled in a CAPSad in Salvador, Bahia, in the period from October to December 2012. RESULTS: Theme content analysis was adopted to organize the data that resulted from processing two thematic categories: Gender, violence and drug use: What changes and what is perpetuated in the life of women users; No strings attached: life on the streets. CONCLUSION: The results show that many behaviors experienced in the family context and social constructions are reproduced by women and keep them vulnerable to social and health issues, among them the onset and maintenance of high risk drug use.

Maternity and motherhood in street situation: integrative review. / Maternidade e maternagem em situação de rua: revisão integrativa.

The objective was to identify through integrative review the approach on maternity and motherhood in street situation. This is an integrative review performed in the databases PubMed, BIREME, Medline, and SciELO search portal, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The survey was conducted between October and December 2021, following the recommendations of the Prisma flowchart and support of the Mendeley software, submitted to content analysis by Minayo. Eighteen articles were selected. The reading allowed the identification of two thematic categories: "Maternity and mothering in the streets" and "Main challenges experienced in maternity and mothering in street situation". Address about motherhood and mothering as a field of knowledge production creates a tension of the social constructions that do not have effecting rights for lack of programs and forceful intersectoral policies. In addition to the stigmatization for use of psychoactive substances, as well as the patriarchal structure attributed to motherhood. The responsibility for care entails several issues that cross the motherhood and mothering in the streets, namely: concern with the health of children, the fear of losing custody of their loved ones.

Objetivou-se identificar através da revisão integrativa a abordagem sobre a maternidade e maternagem em situação de rua. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, BIREME, Medline, e portal de buscas SciELO, em português, inglês e espanhol. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os meses de outubro a dezembro de 2021, seguindo às recomendações do fluxograma Prisma e suporte do software Mendeley, submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Minayo. Foram selecionados 18 artigos. A partir da leitura foi possível identificar duas categorias temáticas: "Maternidade e maternagem nas ruas" e "Principais desafios vivenciados na maternidade e maternagem em situação de rua". Abordar sobre a maternidade e maternagem enquanto um campo de produção de saberes cria-se um tensionamento das construções sociais que não possuem efetivação de direitos por falta de programas e políticas intersetoriais contundentes. Além da estigmatização por uso de substâncias psicoativas como também a estrutura patriarcal atribuída à maternidade. A responsabilidade pelo cuidado acarreta diversas questões que atravessam a maternidade e maternagem nas ruas, são elas: preocupação com a saúde dos filhos, a criação da prole, bem como, o temor pela perda da custódia de seus entes.

Violence against women in the media during the Covid-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To describe situations of violence against women in the Covid-19 pandemic reported in the media. METHOD: Documentary, qualitative research, in a virtual environment, carried out with 39 reports published in the newspaper O Globo and the Universo On-line portal, between March 2020 and July 2021, in Salvador - BA. Data organization followed the steps of content analysis, with a discussion based on the scientific literature. RESULTS: In the analysis process, four core meanings were organized: social isolation denounces situations of domestic violence; Economic crisis and closed doors: justify more violence?; Tools available for ending violence against women: what changes with the pandemic?; The gender and color of violence in the pandemic. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The media released alarming data on the intensification and susceptibility of women to different types and situations of violence, especially during social isolation, in the Covid-19 pandemic.

Transphobia as a social disease: discourses of vulnerabilities in trans men and transmasculine people.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the repercussions of transphobia on trans men's and transmasculine people's health. METHOD: a qualitative study carried out with 38 participants, 35 trans men and three trans men, who attended specialized transgender health services in Bahia, Brazil. In-depth interviews were carried out between June 2019 and February 2020. The Discourse of Collective Subject technique was used and interpretation based on the theoretical concept of transphobia. RESULTS: transphobia has intra and interpersonal repercussions on the life and health of trans men and transmasculine people who attend health services. There were experiences of violence in the private space, fraying of family ties; discrimination in the school space; limitation in professional/work opportunities; barriers to self-care and access to health services; elaboration of trans identity protection strategies; consequences of transphobia on psycho-emotional health. CONCLUSION: transphobia is a social disease that affects different life and health dimensions. It causes damage to the socialization of trans men and transmasculine people, in addition to health service spaces as well as in family environments, schools, universities and at work, which result in non-adherence to self-care, distancing from health services and psycho-emotional distress.

(Re)Construction of the body of transgender women: daily search for (in)satisfaction and care?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the structure and contents of transgender women's social representations of their bodies and body modification practices. METHODS: Research conducted with 92 women using the Snowball technique. The data were collected using the free evocation of words technique and processed by the Evoc software, which organized the central and peripheral elements. RESULTS: The representation of the real body includes two structuring aspects: one related to the need to adapt/modify the body conformation according to the self-reported gender, because of the dissatisfaction with the body itself; the second reveals the happiness/satisfaction considering the results obtained through the body modification/adaptation practices adopted in the transition. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The body is constituted as a complex object and was represented by elements that reinforce the understanding of body modifications as needs, with a view to satisfaction, personal fulfillment, and care of one's own body.

Biographical ruptures by the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent and young trans men and transmasculine people: demands for nursing.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the biographical ruptures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent and young trans men and transmasculine people in the Brazilian context. METHOD: qualitative study - multicenter, online survey. A total of 97 self-identified trans men and 22 transmasculine people participated and completed a semi-structured form in two stages. The data was subjected to Reflective Thematic Content Analysis. The interpretation was made on a sociological basis, based on the concept of biographical rupture. RESULTS: five categories were derived: interruption of hormonization, surgeries and specialized follow-up; discomforts caused by the rupture of masculine characteristics, self-image, self-perception, and identity; vulnerability from the losses of family members and significant people, employment, and weakening of support networks; emergence of psycho-emotional problems, such as loss of meaning in life; demands for nursing care and valuing the life of transmasculine adolescents and young men in post-pandemic times. CONCLUSION: the biographical ruptures caused by the pandemic threatened the identities of trans and transmasculine people of adolescents and youth, degraded and interrupted biographies, leading them to the loss of meaning in life. Nursing professionals can be strategic and essential in overcoming threats by intervening early. KEYPOINTS: (1) Shows biographical ruptures in transmasculinities during the pandemic. (2) Elucidates threats to achieving the desired trans identity. (3) Reveals barriers in services that hinder hormone transition. (4) Presents the discourse of suicide and new stressors in mental health. (5) Raises calls for nursing practice/care in adolescent health.

The Prevalence of Abdominal Adiposity among Primary Health Care Physicians in Bahia, Brazil: An Epidemiological Study.

BACKGROUND: Labor activities are demanding for workers and can induce occupational stress. Primary health care (PHC) workers have faced problems that can lead to the development of stress and abdominal obesity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of abdominal adiposity among primary health care physicians in the metropolitan mesoregion of Salvador, Bahia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with physicians from the family health units (FHUs) of the metropolitan mesoregion of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The number of FHUs corresponded to 41 teams (52 physicians). Anamnesis was performed and a questionnaire was applied. The clinical examination consisted of measuring waist circumference (WC), blood pressure levels (BP), and body mass index (BMI), as well as examining for acanthosis nigricans. Blood samples were collected for biochemical dosages. The data obtained were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: The sample included 41 physicians (response rate: 78.8%), of which 18 were women (44.0%). The percentage of overweight participants represented by BMI was 31.7%. The hypertriglyceridemia prevalence was 29.2%. HDL-c was low in 48.7% of the participants. The waist circumference measurement revealed a prevalence of abdominal adiposity of 38.8% (women) and 34.8% (men). CONCLUSIONS: Medical professionals in PHC are more susceptible to having higher abdominal adiposity, especially female physicians.

Repercussions of family violence: oral history of adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To know the repercussions of the experience of family violence from the oral history of adolescents. METHOD: Qualitative study based on the Oral History method, conducted from interviews with adolescents enrolled in a public school in Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. The data were systematized according to the thematic analysis and supported by theoretical references on family violence and adolescence. RESULTS: Family violence implies physical illness associated with the damage caused by physical aggression and somatization of violent events, as well as compromising mental health, provoking feelings of deep sadness, self-injury behavior and suicidal ideation. All of these factors impair interpersonal relationships, school performance, as well as making them more vulnerable to alcohol intake. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The study indicates signs suggestive of grievance, from which the professionals should proceed the investigation in order to refute or confirm the experience of the phenomenon, as well as intervene in the cases.

Poverty, hunger, and abandonment: representations of the nursing team about homeless persons.

OBJECTIVE: to know the structure of social representations of nursing team with regard to homeless persons. Method a qualitative research based on the structural approach of social representations. A total of 96 professionals from the nursing team working in the Psychosocial Care Network units of a Health District of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, who answered the test of free association of words and a questionnaire with socio-demographic data. The data obtained were processed in softwares that allowed the organization of the frame of four houses and maximum similarity tree. RESULTS: poverty, hunger, abandonment and unemployment are central elements of the image of homeless persons, living in a context permeated by drugs, dirt, neglect and vulnerability. Final considerations The social representation structure of homeless persons is anchored in stereotypes that can interfere both in the provision of care and in the access of the people to health services.

Homeless people's social representations about self-care.

OBJECTIVES: To capture and analyze the structure of homeless people's social representations about self-care. METHODS: Research based on the theory of social representations, with 122 people in street situation. A semistructured questionnaire and free evocation technique were applied with the inducing words "caring for myself is". The evocations were processed by the software Evoc and Iramuteq, allowing to identify central and peripheral elements and the connection between them. RESULTS: For the group studied, "feeding oneself, personal hygiene, protecting oneself and visiting the doctor" are actions and attitudes that represent caring for themselves. In the streets, "feeding oneself" is an essential action for living/surviving that underpins the others. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Despite behaviors based on the biomedical model, self-care was represented by extended actions to meet basic human needs. This study offers elements of reflection to rethink care practices developed by health professionals.

"Experiences marked by prejudice(s)?": nurses' representations on 'transvestite' people.

OBJECTIVES: to learn and analyze the structure of nurses' social representations about transvestite people. METHODS: a qualitative research based on the Theory of Social Representations, with 110 nurses enrolled in Graduate Nursing courses, who answered the Free-Association Test, with the stimulus 'transvestite'. Data were processed by the software Ensemble de Programmes Permettant I' Analysedes Évocations. RESULTS: in the central nucleus, the term "prejudice" was the most evoked, followed by "homosexual", "identity" and "female-make-up". Social representation is anchored in the social organization in which transvestite people are still seen and/or associated with homosexuals who make up and assume an identity, without being seen and/or understood as they really are. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: although prejudice is noteworthy as a central element, terms present in the peripheral system reveal that the group recognizes transvestites as a person with rights, which can translate into health care practices.

Sociodemographic and health situation of teenage students according to sex.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between sex (male and female) and sociodemographic, reproductive and sexual variables in teenagers and identify the highest rates of social and health issues among them. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 239 adolescents enrolled in a public school of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, whose data were produced by applying a structured form processed in Stata. RESULTS: The research indicated an association between females and higher education level (p = 0.02), living with both parents (p = 0.02) and a higher rate of mental, social and behavioral issues. Being a man was associated with sexual initiation (p = 0.00), which occurred before they turned 14 years old (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study variables behave, depending on sex, with smaller or greater chances of experiencing harmful situations, this understanding being essential for subsidizing educational activities that promote the quality of life of teenagers.

Estigma na percepção de médicas e enfermeiras sobre o pré-natal de homens transexuais / Estigma en la percepción de médicas y enfermeras sobre el control prenatal de hombres transexuales / Stigma in doctors' and nurses' perception regarding prenatal care for transgender men

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o estigma evidenciado nas percepções de médicas e enfermeiras sobre o pré-natal de homens transexuais. Métodos Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido com nove profissionais de saúde (seis enfermeiras e três médicas) atuantes em Unidades de Saúde da Família em um município na Bahia. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, submetidas à Análise Temática Reflexiva e interpretação baseada na teoria do estigma e do conceito de cisheteronormatividade. Resultados Foram derivados dois temas que explicitaram o estabelecimento de rótulos e estereótipos ao corpo, mente e identidade de gênero do homem trans grávido: (des)preparo profissional e distanciamento das demandas e perspectivas cisheteronormativas para o cuidado pré-natal de homens trans. Elementos do estigma evidenciados: afastamento, rótulos, estereótipo, descrédito e discriminação. Tais elementos (percepções estigmatizantes) se manifestaram dentro da lógica da normalidade e equiparação cisgênero das necessidades de saúde dos homens trans no contexto pré-natal. Conclusão Há estigma na percepção de médicas e enfermeiras sobre o pré-natal de homens trans. A estigmatização pode impactar negativamente a qualidade do pré-natal e da saúde e segurança de homens trans no ciclo gravídico puerperal, antecipando pensamentos, atitudes e práticas que contribuem para a deteriorar a identidade transmasculina na gestação.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar el estigma constatado en las percepciones de médicas y enfermeras sobre el control prenatal de hombres transexuales. Métodos Estudio cualitativo llevado a cabo con nueve profesionales de la salud (seis enfermeras y tres médicas) que trabajan en Unidades de Salud de la familia en un municipio del estado de Bahia. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, que fueron sometidas al análisis temático reflexivo e interpretación con base en la teoría del estigma y del concepto de cisheteronormatividad. Resultados Se derivaron dos temas que explicitaron el establecimiento de rótulos y estereotipos del cuerpo, mente e identidad de género de hombres trans embarazados: (falta de) preparación profesional y distanciamiento de las demandas y perspectivas cisheteronormativas para el cuidado prenatal de hombres trans. Se constataron los siguientes elementos del estigma: distanciamiento, rótulos, estereotipos, descrédito y discriminación. Tales elementos (las percepciones estigmatizantes) se manifestaron dentro de la lógica de la normalidad y equivalencia cisgénero de las necesidades de salud de los hombres trans en el contexto del control prenatal. Conclusión Existe un estigma en la percepción de médicas y enfermeras sobre el control prenatal de hombres trans. La estigmatización puede impactar negativamente en la calidad del control prenatal y de la salud y seguridad de hombres trans durante el embarazo y el puerperio, y puede anticipar pensamientos, actitudes y prácticas que contribuyen al deterioro de la identidad transmasculina en el embarazo.

Abstract Objective To analyze the stigma evidenced in doctors' and nurses' perception regarding prenatal care for transgender men. Methods A qualitative study developed with nine health professionals (six nurses and three doctors) working in Family Health Units in a municipality in Bahia. In-depth interviews were carried out, subjected to reflective thematic analysis and interpretation based on the theory of social stigma and the concept of cisheteronormativity. Results Two topics were derived that explained the establishment of labels and stereotypes on the body, mind and gender identity of pregnant trans men: professional (un)preparedness and distancing from cisheteronormative demands and perspectives for prenatal care for trans men. Elements of stigma observed were distance, labels, stereotype, discredit and discrimination. Such elements (stigmatizing perceptions) manifested themselves within the logic of normality and cisgender equality of trans men's health needs in the prenatal context. Conclusion There is stigma in doctors' and nurses' perception regarding prenatal care for trans men. Stigmatization can negatively impact the quality of prenatal care and trans men's health and safety in the pregnancy and puerperal cycle, anticipating thoughts, attitudes and practices that contribute to the deterioration of transmasculine identity during pregnancy.

Social Representations of health care professionals on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To apprehend social representation of health care professionals on HIV/AIDS and to compare it with a subgroup of physicians. METHOD: Qualitative research based on the Theory of Social Representations. Free associations for the term HIV/AIDS were collected from 73 workers of public services specialized in HIV/AIDS, in Salvador-Bahia. The results were analyzed in the EVOC software. RESULTS: For all health professionals, HIV/AIDS is associated with "prejudice, care, disease and prevention", and for the subgroup of physicians it is associated with the term "prevention". Health professionals represented HIV/AIDS similarly to society in general and, due to their normative character, prescribed attitudes typical of health care professionals. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The findings show that, despite the advances in the health area regarding the treatment of AIDS, prejudice still persists. It is important to strengthen interdisciplinary actions focused on discussions on this theme during training, favoring the comprehensiveness of the assistance.

Interface between conjugal violence and alcohol consumption by the partner.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the discourse of women on the interface between marital violence and alcohol use by the partner. METHOD: qualitative exploratory research, based on the methodological reference of oral history. We interviewed 19 women with a history of marital violence and involvement with drugs. The data were analyzed through discourse of the collective subject. RESULTS: the participants' discourse points to consumption of alcohol by partners as a potentiating element of violent episodes, also experienced by their parents, signaling to its transgenerational character; it also calls attention to the danger of marital violence resulting from men's reactions to having their alcohol consumption questioned by their partners. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the study identifies alcohol as a precipitating and/or potentiating factor of conjugal violence, as well as the intergenerational character of violence based on male domination and intolerance.

Violence against women in the media during the Covid-19 pandemic / Violencias contra las mujeres em los médios durante la pandemia del Covid-19 / Violências contra as mulheres divulgadas na mídia durante a pandemia de Covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe situations of violence against women in the Covid-19 pandemic reported in the media. Method: Documentary, qualitative research, in a virtual environment, carried out with 39 reports published in the newspaper O Globo and the Universo On-line portal, between March 2020 and July 2021, in Salvador - BA. Data organization followed the steps of content analysis, with a discussion based on the scientific literature. Results: In the analysis process, four core meanings were organized: social isolation denounces situations of domestic violence; Economic crisis and closed doors: justify more violence?; Tools available for ending violence against women: what changes with the pandemic?; The gender and color of violence in the pandemic. Final considerations: The media released alarming data on the intensification and susceptibility of women to different types and situations of violence, especially during social isolation, in the Covid-19 pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir situaciones de violencia contra la mujer en la pandemia de Covid-19 reportadas en los medios de comunicación. Método: Investigación documental, cualitativa, en ambiente virtual, realizada con 39 reportajes publicados en el diario O Globo y el portal Universo On-line, entre marzo de 2020 y julio de 2021, en Salvador - BA. La organización de los datos siguió los pasos del análisis de contenido, con una discusión basada en la literatura científica. Resultados: En el proceso de análisis se organizaron cuatro núcleos de significados: el aislamiento social denuncia situaciones de violencia intrafamiliar; Crisis económica y puertas cerradas: ¿justifican más violencia?; Herramientas disponibles para acabar con la violencia contra las mujeres: ¿qué cambia con la pandemia?; El género y el color de la violencia en la pandemia. Consideraciones finales: Los medios de comunicación dieron a conocer datos alarmantes sobre el recrudecimiento y la susceptibilidad de las mujeres a diferentes tipos y situaciones de violencia, especialmente durante el aislamiento social, en la pandemia del Covid-19.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as situações de violência contra mulheres na pandemia de Covid-19 divulgadas na mídia. Método: Pesquisa documental, qualitativa, em ambiente virtual, realizada com 39 reportagens divulgadas no jornal O Globo e portal Universo On-line ,entre março de 2020 a julho de 2021, em Salvador - BA. A organização dos dados seguiu as etapas da análise de conteúdo, com discussão fundamentada na literatura científica. Resultados: No processo de análise foram organizados quatro núcleos de sentido: o isolamento social denuncia situações de violência doméstica; Crise econômica e portas fechadas: justifica mais violências?; Ferramentas disponíveis para o rompimento da violência contra mulher: o que muda com a pandemia?; O gênero e a cor da violência na pandemia. Considerações finais: A mídia divulgou dados alarmantes sobre a intensificação e susceptibilidade das mulheres aos diversos tipos e situações de violência, principalmente durante o isolamento social, na pandemia de Covid-19.

Transphobia as a social disease: discourses of vulnerabilities in trans men and transmasculine people / A transfobia como doença social: discursos de vulnerabilidades em homens trans e pessoas transmasculinas / La transfobia como enfermedad social: discursos de vulnerabilidades en hombres trans y personas transmasculinas

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the repercussions of transphobia on trans men's and transmasculine people's health. Method: a qualitative study carried out with 38 participants, 35 trans men and three trans men, who attended specialized transgender health services in Bahia, Brazil. In-depth interviews were carried out between June 2019 and February 2020. The Discourse of Collective Subject technique was used and interpretation based on the theoretical concept of transphobia. Results: transphobia has intra and interpersonal repercussions on the life and health of trans men and transmasculine people who attend health services. There were experiences of violence in the private space, fraying of family ties; discrimination in the school space; limitation in professional/work opportunities; barriers to self-care and access to health services; elaboration of trans identity protection strategies; consequences of transphobia on psycho-emotional health. Conclusion: transphobia is a social disease that affects different life and health dimensions. It causes damage to the socialization of trans men and transmasculine people, in addition to health service spaces as well as in family environments, schools, universities and at work, which result in non-adherence to self-care, distancing from health services and psycho-emotional distress.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las repercusiones de la transfobia en la salud de hombres trans y personas transmasculinas. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado con 38 participantes, 35 hombres trans y tres personas trans masculinas que asistieron a servicios de salud especializados transgénero en Bahía, Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad entre junio de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Se utilizó la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo y la interpretación basada en el concepto teórico de transfobia. Resultados: la transfobia tiene repercusiones intra e interpersonales en la vida y salud de los hombres trans y personas transmasculinas que acuden a los servicios de salud. Hubo experiencias de violencia en el espacio privado, deshilachamiento de lazos familiares; discriminación en el espacio escolar; limitación en las oportunidades profesionales/laborales; barreras para el autocuidado y acceso a los servicios de salud; elaboración de estrategias de protección de la identidad trans; consecuencias de la transfobia en la salud psicoemocional. Conclusión: la transfobia es una enfermedad social que afecta diferentes dimensiones de la vida y la salud. Provoca perjuicios en la socialización de los hombres trans y personas transmasculinas, además de los espacios de los servicios de salud, así como en los entornos familiares, escolares, universitarios y laborales, que se traducen en falta de adherencia al autocuidado, alejamiento de los servicios de salud y sufrimiento psicoemocional.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as repercussões da transfobia na saúde de homens trans e pessoas transmasculinas. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado com 38 participantes, sendo 35 homens trans e três pessoas transmasculinas que frequentavam serviços de saúde especializado em trangeneridade na Bahia, Brasil. Realizaram-se entrevistas em profundidade entre os meses de junho de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020. Empregou-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e interpretação baseada no conceito teórico de transfobia. Resultados: a transfobia trouxe repercussões intra e interpessoais na vida e saúde de homens trans e de pessoas transmasculinas que frequentam serviços de saúde. Encontraram-se vivências de violências no espaço privado, esgarçamento de vínculos familiares; discriminação no espaço escolar; limitação nas oportunidades profissionais/trabalho; barreiras no autocuidado e acesso aos serviços de saúde; elaboração de estratégias de proteção da identidade trans; consequências da transfobia na saúde psicoemocional. Conclusão: a transfobia configurou-se doença social que repercute nas distintas dimensões da vida e saúde. Causa danos na socialização dos homens trans e das pessoas transmasculinas, além dos espaços dos serviços de saúde, como também em ambientes familiares, escolas, universidades e no trabalho, os quais resultam em não adesão ao autocuidado, distanciamento dos serviços de saúde e sofrimento psicoemocional.

Contexto de mulheres usuárias de drogas e o vínculo com o serviço de atenção primária / Women drug users' contexts and links with primary care services / Contexto de las mujeres usuarias de drogas y el vínculo con el servicio de atención primaria

Objetivo: discutir a percepção e ações de profissionais de saúde da Estratégia de Saúde da Família sobre o consumo de drogas por mulheres considerando os aspectos relacionados ao contexto, acesso, acolhimento e vínculo com as mulheres que fazem uso de drogas. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado com profissionais da Estratégias de Saúde da Família de um munícipio do Rio Grande do Sul em 2018, por meio da realização de entrevista semiestruturada, com dados submetidos à análise de conteúdo, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: as mulheres se encontram em ambientes com uso de drogas, violência e falta de emprego. Os profissionais tentam, de alguma forma, o vínculo das mesmas com o serviço, porém encontram dificuldades em abordar o uso de drogas. Realizam o cuidado na perspectiva do ciclo reprodutivo e gravídico-puerperal, além de algumas atividades de promação da saúde. Conclusão: os profissionais criam vinculo com as mulheres realizando cuidados a sua saúde e encontram dificuldade em abordar a problemática do uso de drogas.

Objective: to discuss the perceptions and actions of Family Health Strategy personnel regarding drug use by women, considering aspects of context, access, acceptance, and bonds with women who use drugs. Method: this qualitative study of Family Health Strategy personnel in a municipality in Rio Grande do Sul was conducted in 2018 through semi-structured interviews, after approval by the research ethics committee. The data were submitted to content analysis. Results: the women's environments involved drug use, violence and lack of employment. The health personnel tried to link them with the service in some way, but had difficulty addressing drug use. They provided care as regards the reproductive and pregnancy-puerperal cycle, in addition to some health promotion activities. Conclusion: the health personnel bonded with the women and provided health care, but found it difficult to address the problem of drug use.

Objetivo: discutir la percepción y las acciones de los profesionales de salud de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia sobre el uso de drogas por mujeres, considerando aspectos relacionados con el contexto, el acceso, la recepción y el vínculo con las mujeres que usan drogas. Método: Investigación cualitativa realizado junto a profesionales de las Estrategias de Salud de la Familia de un municipio de Rio Grande do Sul en 2018. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada y se sometieron los datos a análisis de contenido, previa aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: las mujeres se encuentran en ambientes con consumo de drogas, violencia y falta de empleo. Los profesionales de alguna manera intentan vincularlas con el servicio, pero les resulta difícil abordar el tema del consumo de drogas. Brindan atención desde la perspectiva del ciclo reproductivo, del embarazo y puerperio, y algunas actividades de promoción de la salud. Conclusión: los profesionales crean un vínculo con las mujeres al realizarles cuidados de salud, pero tienen dificultades para abordar el problema del uso de drogas.