[Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease]. / Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico entre pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We aimed to know the prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors, hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a population with coronary heart disease (CHD) as compared with a population without personal or familial history of cardiovascular risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: This was an observational and transversal study of cardiovascular risk factors making up the MS in an adult population. 367 subjects aged 35-79 years (268 men and 99 women) were studied; 185 had CHD (141 men and 44 women) and 182 (127 men and 55 women) were included as a control population. 82 individuals of the control group who had no MS components were selected for the calculation of parameters of hyperinsulinism and the HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment) index in order to evaluate the insulin resistance. RESULTS: As compared with the control group, patients with CHD showed higher blood pressure (systolic and dyastolic), body mass index (BMI), triglicerydes and apo B100 concentrations, and lower HDL-c and apo A1 values. They also exhibited higher values of glycemia and insulinemia and consequently a higher HOMA index. The values of insulin and HOMA (percentil 75), obtained from the selected group for this purpose, were 12 U/ml and 3.03, respectively. In the CHD population, 38.28% (95% CI, 31.13-45.95) had hyperinsulinism, 47.02% (95% CI, 39.70-54.47) had insulin resistance (HOMA) and 41.08% (95% CI, 33.98-48.55) had MS. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the CHD population. Patients with CHD have higher hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance as well as a greater prevalence of MS. Despite treatment, a clear association exists between MS and CHD in both men and women.

[Vitamin D status in osteoporotic postmenopausal women taking oral recommended vitamin D supplementation]. / Monitorización de los valores séricos de vitamina D en mujeres con osteoporosis posmenopáusica tratadas con dosis habituales de vitamina D.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of currently recommended daily intakes of vitamin D (25[OH]D) to bring optimal serum concentrations (30ng/ml) in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 25(OH)D serum concentrations in 165 consecutive osteoporotic postmenopausal women who were taking oral vitamin D daily supplements above 800IU during at least 3 months. The proportion of patients who achieved 25(OH)D levels of 20, 30 and 40ng/ml were compared according to daily vitamin D intakes (group 1: 800-1,000IU, group 2: 1,001-1,600IU, group 3:>1,600IU). RESULTS: Mean patient age was 69 (10) years. Percentage of patients with serum 25(OH)D levels above 20ng/ml was 79.5% (63.5-88.5%), 92.7%(78.7-96%) and 97.6% (90.6-100%) in group 1, 2, and 3 patients, respectively (P=.009). Serum levels above 30ng/ml were achieved in 27.7% (14.7-44.7%), 53.6% (37.6-70%) and 90.2% (81.2-96.6%), respectively (P<.001). Serum levels above 40ng/ml were reached in 7.2% (1-20%), 24.4% (12-40%) and 61% (49-72%), respectively (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Daily reference intakes of vitamin D supplements (800-1,000IU) may be insufficient to achieve optimal serum levels of vitamin D in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.