Exploring the Use of YouTube as a Pathology Learning Tool and Its Relationship With Pathology Scores Among Medical Students: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: YouTube is considered one of the most popular sources of information among college students. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the use of YouTube as a pathology learning tool and its relationship with pathology scores among medical students at Jordanian public universities. METHODS: This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included second-year to sixth-year medical students from 6 schools of medicine in Jordan. The questionnaire was distributed among the students using social platforms over a period of 2 months extending from August 2022 to October 2022. The questionnaire included 6 attributes. The first section collected demographic data, and the second section investigated the general use of YouTube and recorded material. The remaining 4 sections targeted the participants who used YouTube to learn pathology including using YouTube for pathology-related content. RESULTS: As of October 2022, 699 students were enrolled in the study. More than 60% (422/699, 60.4%) of the participants were women, and approximately 50% (354/699, 50.6%) were second-year students. The results showed that 96.5% (675/699) of medical students in Jordan were using YouTube in general and 89.1% (623/699) were using it as a source of general information. YouTube use was associated with good and very good scores among the users. In addition, 82.3% (575/699) of medical students in Jordan used YouTube as a learning tool for pathology in particular. These students achieved high scores, with 428 of 699 (61.2%) students scoring above 70%. Most participants (484/699, 69.2%) reported that lectures on YouTube were more interesting than classic teaching and the lectures could enhance the quality of learning (533/699, 76.3%). Studying via YouTube videos was associated with higher odds (odds ratio [OR] 3.86, 95% CI 1.33-11.18) and lower odds (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.8) of achieving higher scores in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system courses, respectively. Watching pathology lectures on YouTube was related to a better chance of attaining higher scores (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.08-3.57). Surprisingly, spending more time watching pathology videos on YouTube while studying for examinations corresponded with lower performance, with an OR of 0.46 (95% CI 0.26-0.82). CONCLUSIONS: YouTube may play a role in enhancing pathology learning, and aiding in understanding, memorization, recalling information, and obtaining higher scores. Many medical students in Jordan have positive attitudes toward using YouTube as a supplementary pathology learning tool. Based on this, it is recommended that pathology instructors should explore the use of YouTube and other emerging educational tools as potential supplementary learning resources.

Dual trigger with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin significantly improves oocyte yield in normal responders on GnRH-antagonist cycles.

OBJECTIVE: During in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, final oocyte maturation is usually triggered by human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) for its known effect in mimicking Luteinizing Hormone (LH) surge; however, with the widespread use of the 'antagonist protocol', Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone agonist (GnRHa) is being more commonly employed as a trigger in order to minimize or eliminate the risk of ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS). Many studies proved its efficacy in inducing oocyte maturation and its safety in preventing OHSS in high-risk groups. Moreover, some studies showed that GnRHa trigger may improve oocyte yield. This study aimed to further explore any beneficial effect of adding GnRHa to hCG (dual trigger) on oocyte yield and fertilization rate in normal responder women. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the data from 127 patients on antagonist protocol (67 dual trigger and 60 HCG trigger). RESULTS: The number of total oocytes, the number of MII oocytes and the number of fertilized oocytes were all significantly higher with the dual trigger protocol compared to hCG-only trigger. However, there is no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate. CONCLUSIONS: Using the dual trigger improved the number and quality of oocytes, and the fertilization rate in normal responders.

Reported COVID-19 vaccines side effects among Jordanian population: a cross sectional study.

Concerns about the safety and side effects of coronavirus SARS CoV2 vaccines have been raised among many communities worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the side effects reported by vaccinated individuals in Jordan. A cross-sectional survey was used to recruit responses from participants who were vaccinated with either one dose or both doses of any of the administered vaccines in Jordan (AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Sinopharm). A total of 1,086 participants were enrolled in the study. Most of participants have not been infected with SARS CoV2 before receiving the vaccine (77.2%). Larger proportion of the study population received Pfizer vaccine (40.6%) followed by the AstraZeneca vaccine (33.0%), and Sinopharm vaccine (26.4%). Side effects after receiving the first dose of the vaccine were reported by most participants (89.9%) and included pain at the injection site (78.4%), fatigue (51.8%), myalgia (37.6%), headache (33.1%), and chills (32.3%). To a lesser extent, there were gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea (15.1%), loss of appetite (9.4%), and diarrhea (6.4%). More side effects were significantly associated with AstraZeneca vaccine (P < .001). Only one case for each of second dose of Pfizer and Sinopharm vaccines reported that their side effects required hospitalization. In this study, we found that people in Jordan experienced more side effects with AstraZeneca vaccine followed by Pfizer vaccine and the least one is Sinopharm vaccine. Our study showed that these side effects are not severe and should not be an obstacle against the successful control of the pandemic in Jordan.

Review of current in vitro COVID-19 diagnostics methods.

The diagnosis of COVID-19 is considered a significant step in the management of the disease that is causing a major worldwide public health challenge from the time of its emergence in December 2019. Since it has been established that SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly, timely detection of the positive cases and isolation of such individuals and their contacts helps in containing viral transmission. In this paper, we review the in vitro technology platforms for testing and diagnosing COVID-19 patients: molecular tests, rapid antigen tests, and serology tests. As part of our review of each category of tests, we discuss the commercialized testing platforms, their analyzing systems, specimen collection protocols, and testing methodologies. Moreover, the efficacy and limitations of each technique are also discussed. The key structural components of the virus are presented to provide an understanding of the scientific principles behind the testing tools.

You Only Find What You Are Looking for: Concurrent Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis and Undiagnosed Wilson's Disease.

Wilson's disease (WD), a rare genetic disorder characterized by copper accumulation, leads to a spectrum of hepatic dysfunction including liver cirrhosis, fulminant liver failure, and chronic hepatitis. Its manifestations could involve musculoskeletal, hematologic, neuropsychiatric, or renal systems. We present the case of a 27-year-old female with a past medical history of alcohol use disorder who presented with acute confusion, worsening abdominal distension, bilateral lower limb edema, and jaundice.The initial presentation was concerning for acute alcoholic hepatitis and decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis attributed to ongoing heavy alcohol consumption. However, due to the patient's young age, the severity of presentation, and the pattern of liver enzyme elevation, further workup was conducted to rule out concurrent pathologies. Viral, autoimmune, and metabolic workups were unrevealing. Subsequently, low ceruloplasmin levels and elevated urinary copper levels led to a diagnosis of WD with concomitant alcoholic liver disease. The coexistence of WD and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) has not been well described in the literature. Laboratory testing including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and serum aminotransferases provides the most rapid and accurate method for diagnosing ALD due to WD, given that the conventional screening tests such as ceruloplasmin are less sensitive and specific in identifying patients with acute liver disease secondary to WD.

Anorectal Melanoma: An Uncommon Cause of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Anorectal melanoma (ARM) is a rare, aggressive disease. Given that it presents with local symptoms that resemble other common benign anorectal conditions, ARM is often low on the differential diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis and nonconsensus of treatment options lead to poor prognosis. Here, we report the case of an 85-year-old woman with a history of Irritable bowel syndrome who presented with altered bowel habits and bleeding per rectum. CT revealed a rectal mass with metastatic lesions to the bone, liver, and lungs. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for Human Melanoma Black-45, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells, and SRY-related HMG-box 10. A final diagnosis of ARM was made.