Mucus-degrading Bacteroides link carbapenems to aggravated graft-versus-host disease.

The intestinal microbiota is an important modulator of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which often complicates allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Broad-spectrum antibiotics such as carbapenems increase the risk for intestinal GVHD, but mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we found that treatment with meropenem, a commonly used carbapenem, aggravates colonic GVHD in mice via the expansion of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT). BT has a broad ability to degrade dietary polysaccharides and host mucin glycans. BT in meropenem-treated allogeneic mice demonstrated upregulated expression of enzymes involved in the degradation of mucin glycans. These mice also had thinning of the colonic mucus layer and decreased levels of xylose in colonic luminal contents. Interestingly, oral xylose supplementation significantly prevented thinning of the colonic mucus layer in meropenem-treated mice. Specific nutritional supplementation strategies, including xylose supplementation, may combat antibiotic-mediated microbiome injury to reduce the risk for intestinal GVHD in allo-HSCT patients.

Improvement of Fish Growth and Metabolism by Oligosaccharide Prebiotic Supplement.

Finfish aquaculture is expected to continue to benefit from significantly improved fish diets, which are the source of energy to support the growth and health of fish. Strategies to enhance the transformation rate of dietary energy and protein to fish growth are greatly desired by fish culturists. Prebiotic compounds can be used as supplements to human, animal, and fish diets to populate beneficial bacteria in the gut. The goal of the present study is to identify low-cost prebiotic compounds with high efficacy in increasing the absorption of food nutrients by fish. Several oligosaccharides were evaluated as prebiotics in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), one of the most widely cultured species in the world. Several parameters of the fish on different diets were evaluated, including feed conversion ratios (FCRs), enzymatic activities, expression of growth-related genes, and the gut microbiome. Two age groups of fish (30 days old and 90 days old) were used in this study. The results indicated that the addition of xylooligosaccharide (XOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), or XOS and GOS combination to the basic fish diet significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the fish in both age groups. Both XOS and GOS decreased the FCR of 30-day-old fish by 34.4% compared to the fish on the control diet. In the 90-day-old fish group, XOS and GOS decreased the FCR by 11.9%, while the combination of the two prebiotics led to a 20.2% decrease in FCR compared to the control group. The application of XOS and GOS also elevated the production of glutathione-related enzymes and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), indicating the enhancement of antioxidation processes in fish. These improvements were associated with significant changes in the fish gut microbiota. The abundance of Clostridium ruminantium, Brevinema andersonii, Shewanella amazonensis, Reyranella massiliensis, and Chitinilyticum aquatile were upregulated by XOS and GOS supplements. The findings of the present study suggested that the prebiotics would be more effective when they were applied to the younger fish, and the application of multiple oligosaccharide prebiotic compounds could result in a greater growth enhancement. The identified bacteria can be potentially used as probiotic supplements in the future to improve fish growth and feeding efficiency and ultimately reduce the cost of tilapia aquaculture.

Conocimientos y prácticas de odontología preventiva en odontólogos en México.

No disponible.

Addiction-Related Stigma and Discrimination: A Qualitative Study in Treatment Centers in Mexico City.

Social rejection of drug use is greater than that directed at other psychiatric conditions, like depression and anxiety, which may lead to social exclusion of substance users and prevent them from seeking and receiving treatment. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the stigma and discrimination related to addiction in treatment centers in Mexico City. METHODS: Data are from a broad mixed methods study. The present study is a qualitative analysis of 35 in-depth interviews of drug users, family members, and providers, using guidelines for the exploration of experiences of stigma and discrimination related to substance abuse. A thematic analysis was carried out using specialized software (Atlas.ti 6.2.23). RESULTS: The common practices of stigma and discrimination (e.g., judging, mockery, inappropriate comments, overprotection, and hostile looks), were identified in participant testimonies. The narratives provide evidence of varied conditions of social and gender inequality, as well as experience of violence and abuse, that refer to a structural context of discrimination surrounding addiction, and that constitute obstacles to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings allow for a description of the stigmatization process surrounding addiction as a shared problem that requires the implementation of coordinated treatment strategies. They also suggest the need for more comprehensive policies of inclusion, based on human rights, which favor prevention and treatment.

Subjective Experience and Resources for Coping With Stigma in People With a Diagnosis of Schizophrenia: An Intersectional Approach.

In this study, we investigate the subjective experience of a group of individuals, diagnosed with schizophrenia, undergoing outpatient treatment in four psychiatric clinics in Mexico City. Our objective is to use the paradigm of intersectionality to explore the most common forms of stigma and discrimination faced by people with this illness, as well as the coping resources they employ. The major contribution of this study is its use of in-depth interviews and thematic analysis of the information obtained to identify the importance of sociocultural aspects of participants' experience of their illness. Schizophrenia, for them, was a problem of "nerves," whose origins were linked to magical or religious elements they attributed to their illness and which influenced their response to it. This resignification was useful to participants as a coping resource; it helped them find meaning and significance in their experience of the illness.

Physical activity and amyloid beta in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aß). Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk, and one potential path could be through Aß levels modulation. We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aß in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28, 2022. Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Aß data in adults aged 45 years or older. Multi-level meta-analyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aß levels. RESULTS: In total, 37 articles were included (8 randomized controlled trials, 3 non-randomized controlled trials, 4 prospective longitudinal studies, and 22 cross-sectional studies). The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aß was medium (pooled standardized mean difference = -0.69, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -1.41 to 0.03; I2 = 74.6%). However, these results were not statistically significant, and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain Aß. Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aß in the brain using positron emission tomography scans, CSF, and blood. Higher physical activity was positively associated with Aß only in the CSF (Estimate r = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.05-0.18; I2 = 38.00%). CONCLUSION: Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aß in middle-aged and older adults. However, results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies. In observational studies, higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aß only in CSF. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical activity in the brain, CSF, and blood Aß, as well as its implication for cognitive health.

Bacteroides ovatus alleviates dysbiotic microbiota-induced graft-versus-host disease.

Acute lower gastrointestinal GVHD (aLGI-GVHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although the intestinal microbiota is associated with the incidence of aLGI-GVHD, how the intestinal microbiota impacts treatment responses in aLGI-GVHD has not been thoroughly studied. In a cohort of patients with aLGI-GVHD (n = 37), we found that non-response to standard therapy with corticosteroids was associated with prior treatment with carbapenem antibiotics and a disrupted fecal microbiome characterized by reduced abundances of Bacteroides ovatus. In a murine GVHD model aggravated by carbapenem antibiotics, introducing B. ovatus reduced GVHD severity and improved survival. These beneficial effects of Bacteroides ovatus were linked to its ability to metabolize dietary polysaccharides into monosaccharides, which suppressed the mucus-degrading capabilities of colonic mucus degraders such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Akkermansia muciniphila, thus reducing GVHD-related mortality. Collectively, these findings reveal the importance of microbiota in aLGI-GVHD and therapeutic potential of B. ovatus.

Observing a trained demonstrator influences associative appetitive learning in rats.

The ability to acquire information about the environment through social observation or instruction is an essential form of learning in humans and other animals. Here, we assessed the ability of rats to acquire an association between a light stimulus and the presentation of a reward that is either hidden (sucrose solution) or visible (food pellet) via observation of a trained demonstrator. Subsequent training of observers on the light-reward association indicated that while observation alone was not sufficient for observers to acquire the association, contact with the reward location was higher in observers that were paired with a demonstrator. However, this was only true when the light cue predicted a sucrose reward. Additionally, we found that in the visible reward condition, levels of demonstrator orienting and food cup contact during the observation period tended to be positively correlated with the corresponding behaviour of their observer. This relationship was only seen during later sessions of observer training. Together, these results suggest that while our models were not sufficient to induce associative learning through observation alone, demonstrator behaviour during observation did influence how their paired observer's behavioural response to the cue evolved over the course of direct individual training.

Physical Performance and Amyloid-ß in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

BACKGROUND: Accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) plaques is one of the main features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Physical performance has been related to dementia risk and Aß, and it has been hypothesized as one of the mechanisms leading to greater accumulation of Aß. Yet, no evidence synthesis has been performed in humans. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of physical performance with Aß in humans, including Aß accumulation on brain, and Aß abnormalities measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. METHODS: A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis was performed from inception to June 16th, 2022. Studies were eligible if they examined the association of physical performance with Aß levels, including the measure of physical performance as a predictor and the measure of Aß as an outcome in humans. RESULTS: 7 articles including 2,619 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that physical performance was not associated with accumulation of Aß in the brain (ES = 0.01; 95% CI -0.21 to 0.24; I2 = 69.9%), in the CSF (ES = -0.28; 95% CI -0.98 to 0.41; I2 = 91.0%) or in the blood (ES = -0.19; 95% CI -0.61 to 0.24; I2 = 99.75%). Significant heterogeneity was found across the results , which posed challenges in arriving at consistent conclusions; and the limited number of studies hindered the opportunity to conduct a moderation analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The association between physical performance and Aß is inconclusive. This uncertainly arises from the limited number of studies, study design limitations, and heterogeneity of measurement approaches. More studies are needed to determine whether physical performance is related to Aß levels in humans.

Bacteroides ovatus alleviates dysbiotic microbiota-induced intestinal graft-versus-host disease.

Acute gastrointestinal intestinal GVHD (aGI-GVHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the intestinal microbiota is known to impact on its severity. However, an association between treatment response of aGI-GVHD and the intestinal microbiota has not been well-studied. In a cohort of patients with aGI-GVHD (n=37), we found that non-response to standard therapy with corticosteroids was associated with prior treatment with carbapenem antibiotics and loss of Bacteroides ovatus from the microbiome. In a mouse model of carbapenem-aggravated GVHD, introducing Bacteroides ovatus reduced severity of GVHD and improved survival. Bacteroides ovatus reduced degradation of colonic mucus by another intestinal commensal, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, via its ability to metabolize dietary polysaccharides into monosaccharides, which then inhibit mucus degradation by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and reduce GVHD-related mortality.

Relevance of Fluorinated Ligands to the Design of Metallodrugs for Their Potential Use in Cancer Treatment.

Fluorination of pharmaceutical agents has afforded crucial modifications to their pharmacological profiles, leading to important advances in medicinal chemistry. On the other hand, metallodrugs are considered to be valuable candidates in the treatment of several diseases, albeit with the caveat that they may exhibit pharmacological disadvantages, such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability and short circulating time. To surmount these limitations, two approaches have been developed: one based on the design of novel metallodrug-delivering carriers and the other based on optimizing the structure of the ligands bound to the metal center. In this context, fluorination of the ligands may bring beneficial changes (physicochemical and biological) that can help to elude the aforementioned drawbacks. Thus, in this review, we discuss the use of fluorinated ligands in the design of metallodrugs that may exhibit potential anticancer activity.

Role of NRF2 in Lung Cancer.

The gene expression program induced by NRF2 transcription factor plays a critical role in cell defense responses against a broad variety of cellular stresses, most importantly oxidative stress. NRF2 stability is fine-tuned regulated by KEAP1, which drives its degradation in the absence of oxidative stress. In the context of cancer, NRF2 cytoprotective functions were initially linked to anti-oncogenic properties. However, in the last few decades, growing evidence indicates that NRF2 acts as a tumor driver, inducing metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Constitutive activation of NRF2 has been found to be frequent in several tumors, including some lung cancer sub-types and it has been associated to the maintenance of a malignant cell phenotype. This apparently contradictory effect of the NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway in cancer (cell protection against cancer versus pro-tumoral properties) has generated a great controversy about its functions in this disease. In this review, we will describe the molecular mechanism regulating this signaling pathway in physiological conditions and summarize the most important findings related to the role of NRF2/KEAP1 in lung cancer. The focus will be placed on NRF2 activation mechanisms, the implication of those in lung cancer progression and current therapeutic strategies directed at blocking NRF2 action.

Fluctuations in AKT and PTEN Activity Are Linked by the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase cCBL.

3-Poly-phosphoinositides (PIP3) regulate cell survival, division, and migration. Both PI3-kinase (phosphoinositide-3-kinase) and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin-homolog in chromosome 10) control PIP3 levels, but the mechanisms connecting PI3-kinase and PTEN are unknown. Using non-transformed cells, the activation kinetics of PTEN and of the PIP3-effector AKT were examined after the addition of growth factors. Both epidermal growth factor and serum induced the early activation of AKT and the simultaneous inactivation of PTEN (at ~5 min). This PIP3/AKT peak was followed by a general reduction in AKT activity coincident with the recovery of PTEN phosphatase activity (at ~10-15 min). Subsequent AKT peaks and troughs followed. The fluctuation in AKT activity was linked to that of PTEN; PTEN reconstitution in PTEN-null cells restored AKT fluctuations, while PTEN depletion in control cells abrogated them. The analysis of PTEN activity fluctuations after the addition of growth factors showed its inactivation at ~5 min to be simultaneous with its transient ubiquitination, which was regulated by the ubiquitin E3 ligase cCBL (casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed cCBL to be brought into the proximity of PTEN in a PI3-kinase-dependent manner. These results reveal a mechanism for PI3-kinase/PTEN crosstalk and suggest that cCBL could be new target in strategies designed to modulate PTEN activity in cancer.

Mechanochemistry: A Green Approach in the Preparation of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals.

Mechanochemistry is considered an alternative attractive greener approach to prepare diverse molecular compounds and has become an important synthetic tool in different fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and material science) since is considered an ecofriendly procedure that can be carried out under solvent free conditions or in the presence of minimal quantities of solvent (catalytic amounts). Being able to substitute, in many cases, classical solution reactions often requiring significant amounts of solvents. These sustainable methods have had an enormous impact on a great variety of chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic synthesis, metal complexes formation, preparation of multicomponent pharmaceutical solid forms, etc. In this sense, we are interested in highlighting the advantages of mechanochemical methods on the obtaining of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Hence, in this review, we describe and discuss the relevance of mechanochemical procedures in the formation of multicomponent solid forms focusing on pharmaceutical cocrystals. Additionally, at the end of this paper, we collect a chronological survey of the most representative scientific papers reporting the mechanochemical synthesis of cocrystals.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) and Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Essential Oils and Functional Extracts Against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

In this study, hydrodistillation was used to obtain essential oils (EOs) from pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) and co-hydrodistillation (addition of fatty acid ethyl esters as extraction co-solvents) was used to obtain functional extracts (FEs). Antifungal activity of EOs and FEs was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. The results showed that pepper (Piper nigrum) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oils and their functional extracts are effective in vitro at concentrations from 400 to 500 ppm after 10 days of culturing. The essential oils and functional extracts were used on tomato fruit samples at three different concentrations: 350, 400, and 450 ppm5. Clove essential oil reduced the growth of Aspergillus niger from 50% to 70% and Fusarium oxysporum to 40%. The functional extracts (FEs) of clove and pepper, mixed with ethyl decanoate (FEs-C10), were the best combination for protecting the tomato fruit in vivo against both phytopathogenic fungi. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify eugenol as the principal compound in clove oil and limonene, sabinene, and ß-caryophyllene in pepper oil.

Relación entre la periodontitis y la enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica

La periodontitis es un trastorno inmunoinflamatorio de etiología microbiana causado por gérmenes únicos en la cavidad bucal que pueden diseminarse a través del torrente sanguíneo, activan la respuesta inflamatoria del huésped y favorecen la formación, maduración y exacerbación de la placa de ateroma. Varios estudios clínicos han investigado la posible relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y las enfermedades consecuentes de la aterosclerosis como la cardiopatía isquémica y la enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de artículos científicos publicados en las bases de datos: Pubmed, Medline, LILACS, Scielo, en el período comprendido entre el 2012 y el 2022, en idioma español e inglés. Se utilizaron como descriptores: periodontitis, enfermedad cerebrovascular y aterosclerosis. Los reportes incluidos indican que la enfermedad cerebrovascular y la enfermedad aterosclerótica presentan las alteraciones con mayores asociaciones con la periodontitis, sin embargo, se necesitan estudios más amplios para determinar el papel de la severidad y extensión de la periodontitis en estas enfermedades.

Periodontitis is an immunoinflammatory disorder of microbial etiology caused by unique germs in the oral cavity that can spread through the bloodstream, activate the host's inflammatory response and promote the formation, maturation and exacerbation of atheromatous plaque. Several clinical studies have investigated the possible relationship between periodontal disease and diseases resulting from atherosclerosis such as ischemic heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. An exhaustive bibliographic review of scientific articles published in the databases: Pubmed, Medline, LILACS, Scielo, in the period between 2012 and 2022, in Spanish and English was carried out. The following were used as descriptors: periodontitis, cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The included reports indicate that cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerotic disease present the alterations with the greatest associations with periodontitis, however, larger studies are needed to determine the role of the severity and extent of periodontitis in these diseases.

Teaching quality: High school students' autonomy and competence.

BACKGROUND: How teachers manage class learning and interact with students affects students’ motivation and engagement. However, it could be that the effect of students’ representation of teaching quality on the students’ motivation varies between classes. METHOD: Students from 90 classes participated in the study. We used multilevel random structural equation modeling to analyze whether the relationship of the students’ perception of teaching quality (as an indicator of the students’ mental representation) and students’ motivation varies between classes, and if this variability depends on the class assessment of teaching quality (as an indicator of teaching quality). RESULTS: The effect of teachers’ structure on the regression slope of student perception of student competence was .127. The effect of teachers’ autonomy support on the regression slope of student perception of student autonomy was .066. CONCLUSIONS: With this study we contribute a more detailed description of the relationship between teaching quality, competence and autonomy.

Satisfacción con los cursos a distancia de la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis durante la COVID-19 / Satisfaction with the Distance Courses of a master's degree in Atherosclerosis Research during COVID-19

Introducción: La satisfacción de los estudiantes con respecto a la educación que reciben es un elemento clave en la valoración de la calidad de la educación. La enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 representó una emergencia sanitaria que generó preocupación a nivel mundial por su impacto en la salud, la economía y la educación. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de los estudiantes con los cursos a distancia del primer ciclo de la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis durante la COVID-19. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se utilizó una encuesta, que estuvo disponible, al finalizar cada curso, en el Aula Virtual de Salud. Los datos de la encuesta se obtuvieron del AVS, se introdujeron en una base de datos en Excel, y se procesaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 20.0 para Windows. Resultados: Para todos los cursos los horarios que predominaron fueron en horario extralaboral y los fines de semana y durante la jornada laboral, en horario extralaboral y los fines de semana. Como vías de conexión más utilizadas estuvieron Infomed y los datos móviles. El curso mejor orientado resultó La aterosclerosis, un problema epidemiológico. La evaluación de los aspectos relacionados con el profesor, los contenidos, el material bibliográfico, la comunicación y el aseguramiento tecnológico fue satisfactoria. La computadora y el celular representaron los dispositivos tecnológicos más empleados. Las respuestas en relación con la satisfacción con los cursos se encontraron entre satisfecho y muy satisfecho. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los aspectos evaluados recibieron calificaciones satisfactorias. Como aspecto positivo se destaca el empleo del aula virtual; como negativos, la dificultad con los dispositivos tecnológicos y la conectividad; y como interesantes, la adquisición y el perfeccionamiento de habilidades con los cursos a distancia y mejorar la calidad de la conectividad(AU)

Introduction: Student satisfaction with the education that they receive is a key element for education quality assessment. The disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus represented a health emergency that generated worldwide concern due to its impact on health, economy and education. Objective: To assess student satisfaction with the distance courses of the first cycle of a master's degree in atherosclerosis research during COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. A survey was used, available in the virtual health classroom at the end of each course. The survey's data were obtained from the virtual health classroom, entered into an Excel database, and processed with the statistical package SPSS (version 20.0) for Windows. Results: For all the courses, the predominant schedules were during out-of-work hours and on weekends and during the working day, during out-of-work hours and on weekends. The most frequently used means of connection were Infomed and mobile data. The best oriented course was Atherosclerosis, an epidemiological problem. The assessment of aspects related to the professor, the contents, the bibliographic material, communication and technological assurance were satisfactory. The computer and the cell phone were the most frequently used technological devices. The responses regarding satisfaction with the courses ranged between satisfied and very satisfied. Conclusions: Most of the assessed aspects received satisfactory ratings. As a positive aspect, the use of the virtual classroom stands out; as a negative one, the difficulty with technological devices and connectivity; and as interesting ones, the acquisition and improvement of skills with distance courses, as well as improving the quality of connectivity(AU)

Satisfacción de los empleadores con el desempeño de egresados de la maestría "Investigación en aterosclerosis" / Employers' Satisfaction with the Performance of Graduates from a Master's Program about Research in Atherosclerosis

Introducción: Los estudios de empleadores cobran cada vez mayor importancia en el ámbito de la educación superior, a partir de la necesidad institucional de evaluar la pertinencia de sus programas e identificar expectativas de crecimiento, al permitir conocer la existencia de vinculación institucional y desarrollo de sus egresados. Objetivo: Describir la satisfacción de los empleadores con el desempeño de egresados de la décima edición de la maestría investigación en aterosclerosis. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron los empleadores de los egresados de la última edición terminada. Se les aplicó una encuesta de forma autoadministrada para explorar la satisfacción con el desempeño de los egresados de la maestría. Resultados: El total de los empleadores manifestaron que la maestría respondía a las necesidades asistenciales, docentes e investigativas del centro en el que laboraba el máster; que este aplicaba creativa y críticamente en su práctica diaria los conocimientos adquiridos en el programa de maestría; y que era capaz de diseñar y dirigir proyectos de investigación. El 94,1 por ciento respondió que, después de graduado de la maestría, el máster tenía la capacidad de diseñar y organizar cursos de superación para solucionar problemas de la institución. El 76,5 por ciento contestó que cumplía las expectativas y el 52,9 por ciento que se sentía satisfecho con el desempeño de los egresados. Conclusiones: Los empleadores manifestaron que los egresados satisfacían el perfil declarado en la maestría. Los egresados cumplieron con las expectativas de sus empleadores y los empleadores se encontraron satisfechos con el desempeño de los egresados(AU)

Introduction: Employer surveys are becoming increasingly important in the field of higher education, from the institutional need to evaluate the relevance of their programs and identify growth expectations, by allowing to know the existence of institutional linkage and the development of its graduates. Objective: To describe the satisfaction of employers with the performance of graduates from the tenth edition of a master's program about research in atherosclerosis. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The employers of the graduates from the last completed edition were selected. A self-administered survey was conducted on them to explore satisfaction with the performance of the graduates from the master's program. Results: The whole number of employers stated that the master's degree responded to the care, teaching and research needs of the center where the master's degree holder worked; that he/she applied the knowledge acquired in the master's program creatively and critically in his/her daily practice; and hat he/she was capable of designing and directing research projects. 94.1 percent responded that, after graduating from the master's program, the master's degree holder had the capacity to design and organize professional improvement courses to solve the institutional problems. 76.5 percent answered that the master's degree met the expectations, while 52.9 percent responded that they were satisfied with the performance of the graduates. Conclusions: Employers stated that the graduates met the profile stated in the master's program. The graduates met the expectations of their employers, who were satisfied with the performance of the graduates(AU)

Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente, paradigma de la historia y la medicina cubana / Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente, a paradigm of Cuban history and medicine

La vida y obra de algunos hombres y mujeres de la historia de la Medicina, transita a veces, sin artilugios, acompañadas tan solo de la humildad y la sabiduría de estos. Es por ello, que al resumir en breves líneas el tiempo de enseñanzas y heroicidades de estos paradigmas, solo se cumple con el noble objetivo de exponer a las nuevas generaciones la labor realizada por maestros, como lo fue, el Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente. A través de la realización de una revisión histórica de su vida y aportes y con la obtención de los datos por medio de la entrevista, el expediente laboral y académico como fuente primaria, se procesó la información. Los aportes de este internista estuvieron centrados en la especialidad de Medicina interna y en su actividad como líder del Ministerio de Salud Pública en diversos escenarios, pero el mayor de todos fue ser considerado una figura paradigmática de la salud pública. Se concluye que este médico cubano transitó de joven revolucionario y destacado estudiante a profesor de alto reconocimiento en la educación médica y figura inolvidable para todo el que lo conoció, con un merecido puesto entre los grandes de la historia de la Medicina cubana.

The life and work of some men and women in the history of medicine sometimes pass through without any gadgets, accompanied only by their humility and wisdom. That is why, when summarizing in few lines the time of teachings and heroisms of these paradigms, the noble objective of exposing to the new generations the work carried out by teachers such as Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente is fulfilled. A historical review of the life and contributions of the aforementioned doctor was carried out, and the information was processed by obtaining data from interviews as well as from his employment and academic records as a primary source. The contributions of this internist were focused on the specialty of internal medicine as well as on his activity as a leader of the Ministry of Public Health in various settings, but the greatest of all was to be considered as a paradigmatic figure of public health. It is concluded that this Cuban doctor went from being a revolutionary young man and an outstanding student to a highly recognized professor in medical education and an unforgettable figure for all who knew him, with a deserved position among the greats in the history of Cuban medicine.