Implementation of the energy efficiency existing ship index and carbon intensity indicator on domestic ship for marine environmental protection.

The International Maritime Organization has set a goal to achieve a 50% reduction of total annual greenhouse gas emission related to the international shipping by 2050 compared to the 2008 baseline emissions. Malaysia government has taken an initiative to investigate the assessment (cost-effectiveness) of this International Maritime Organization's short-term measure on Malaysian-registered domestic ships although this measure is only for international merchant ship. To achieve this, this paper collected the ship's data from the shipowners from 25 sample ships. Engine power limitation is the most cost-effective option, but low power limits can lead to substantially increased sailing times. Based on cost-efficiency analysis, it creates for the purpose of compliance with the operational carbon intensity indicator. It found that even if it is possible to bring an asset back into service, it may not be possible to do so in a manner that generates a profit or complies with applicable regulations. In these situations, it may be more prudent to scrap the asset rather than run the risk of having it become a stranded asset. This is especially true for older tankers. Alternatives with lengthy payback periods are not desirable for the domestic tanker fleet that is already in operation.

Marine environment and maritime safety assessment using Port State Control database.

Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports assists in the removal of substandard ship commerce from the global sea and ensures that no ship poses a threat to maritime safety and the marine environment. When a clear ground is discovered during an inspection, the inspector has the authority to detain the ship until the flaws are corrected in order to assure safety and reduce pollution hazards. This paper adopted a traditional literature review method using the selected six (6) years data from the inspections conducted by maritime authorities from 2016 to 2021 and incorporate with qualitative and quantitative analysis to ascertain the influence of each risk factor on the number of arrests, including the relationship between risk factors and the type of detain deficiency, which is a critical part of the study. This study's findings provide important insights into how to facilitate an effective way in selecting the ship to be inspected, followed by identifying the ship's risk profile and designing the inspection area, which plays a critical role in assisting the inspector in terms of time efficient and effective inspection (especially for the ships, which have a short duration at berth) during inspection to further strengthen maritime safety, ship's safety, seafarers' health and marine environmental protection.