Proportion of Risk Factors among Women Attending Antenatal Checkup Unit of A Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh.

Women constitute a large population group in any country and they are the vulnerable or special risk group. The risk is associated with child-bearing. The purpose of antenatal care is to detect early the high risk cases from a large group of antenatal women and to arrange special skilled care for them. Aim of this cross sectional descriptive type of observational study was to find out the proportion of risk factors among women attending antenatal checkup unit of a tertiary level hospital and carried out in the antenatal checkup unit of Model Family Planning Clinic of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from January 2022 to June 2022. Data were collected from purposively selected 403 women seeking antenatal care by face to face interview, clinical examination and necessary laboratory investigations. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 26.0. More than three forth (320, 79.4%) of the respondents were in the age group of less than 30 years and the remaining (83, 20.6%) were in the age group of 30 years and over. Mean age of the pregnant women was 24.7 years with a standard deviation of 4.7 years. Most of the pregnant women were housewives (350, 86.8%); 41(10.2%) were students and 12(3.0%) were service holders. Among the respondents rural women (254, 63.0%) were more than urban women (149, 37.0%). Seventy seven (19.1%) respondents were interviewed during 1st trimester; 140(34.7%) during 2nd semester and 186(46.2%) during 3rd semester. It was found that 12 (3.0%) women were elderly primi and 6(1.5%) were short statured primi. Eighteen (4.5%) pregnant women had malpresentations- 17(94.4%) had breech presentation and 1(5.6%) had transverse lie. Each 18(4.5%) had threatened abortion and antepartum haemorrhage. Pre-eclampsia was found in 4(1.0%) and anaemia in 14 (3.5%); twin pregnancy was found in 4 (1.0%) and hydramnios in 9(2.2%) pregnant women. Thirty one (7.7%) women had previous history of either still birth or intrauterine death or manual removal of placenta. One (0.2%) pregnant women was categorized as elderly grand multiparas. Prolonged pregnancy was found in 4(1.0%) women and 76(18.9%) women had the history of previous caesarean or instrumental delivery. Nine (2.2%) pregnant women had general diseases along with pregnancy- 5(55.6%) had asthma, 3(33.3%) had diabetes mellitus and 1(11.1%) had cardiovascular disease. Four (1.0%) women got pregnant after treatment for infertility and 2 (0.5%) women had history of three or more spontaneous consecutive abortions. Finally all the pregnant women under study were categorized on the basis of criteria of "high risk cases" and 97(24.1%) women had high risk pregnancy and the remaining 306 (75.9%) had normal pregnancy. Proportion of women with high risk pregnancy in this study is 24.1% who needs special attention and skilled care in addition to continuing better Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services for all pregnant women.

Elevated blood lead in a population near a lead smelter in Kosovo, Yugoslavia.

A survey of residents of a community surrounding a lead smelter has revealed an alarming incidence of elevated blood lead and erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations. In particular, children who were less than 3 yr of age were severely affected. Of those children tested in December, 1980, 35% had blood lead concentrations between 50-69 microgram/dl, while an additional 12% had concentrations greater than or equal to 70 microgram/dl, and are, therefore, at risk for severe neurological sequelae.