Prognostic significance of high serum p53 antibody titers in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The p53 protein overexpression that usually results from genetic alterations reportedly induces serum antibodies against p53. However, little information is available about the prognostic significance of perioperative serum p53 antibody (s-p53-Abs) titers in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical significance of perioperative s-p53-Abs in 135 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Of these, 58 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy comprising 5-FU and CDDP. While the cutoff level at 1.3 U/ml indicated seropositive patients, level of 13.4 U/ml was used to identify high-titer patients. We monitored serum titers seropositive patients after surgery and evaluated the prognostic significance by the univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In this study, 29 patients (21.5%) were positive for s-p53-Abs before treatment. The frequency of both seropositive patients and high-titer patients (> 13.4 U/ml) was not significantly associated with tumor progression. While seropositive patients did not demonstrate significant poor overall survival, high-titer patients demonstrated significant poor overall survival based on the multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). Moreover, the s-p53-Abs titer did not correlate with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among seropositive patients, the negative conversion of s-p53-Abs more likely led to be long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that the high-titer of s-p53-Abs was an independent risk factor to reduce the overall survival of patients with esophageal cancer patients. The negative conversion of s-p53-Abs could be a good indicator of favorable prognosis.

[Liquid Biopsy in Multimodal Treatment of Esophageal Carcinoma].

Predicting and monitoring the treatment response of patients with esophageal carcinoma are important. Molecular analyses of biopsy specimens are useful; however, the characteristics of the biopsy specimen are not similar to those of whole tumors, including metastatic tumors. Therefore, liquid biopsy using blood samples has been applied for the prediction of the tumor stage, sensitivity to radiotherapy, sensitivity to chemotherapy, and recurrent disease. Liquid biopsy is advantageous for monitoring the treatment response and as an objective diagnostic tool; it is cost effective.

[Ocular findings in 304 children with Down syndrome].

PURPOSE: To identify the characteristics and frequency of ocular findings in Japanese children with Down syndrome. METHODS: A total of 304 Japanese children with Down syndrome at an average age of 7 years and 4 months were examined for ocular findings from June 2009 to January 2011. RESULTS: Most had hyperopia (69.1%) and astigmatism (58.5%). Both normal and oblique astigmatism were common. Spectacles were necessary in 91.3%. The average visual acuity at 8 years was 0.305 logMAR. Under 6 years, stripe and picture visual acuity charts were useful. Strabismus (36.5%, esotorpia 23.3%), nystagmus (25.7%), stereopsis (46.0%), entropion of eyelids (18.8%), cataract (10.5%), and corneal disease (3 cases) were found. Medullated nerve fibers (3 cases), pseudo disc edema (2 cases), and other retinal changes including Leber congenital amaurosis like chorioretinal degeneration (3 cases) were also found. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of refractive errors and strabisums in Down syndrome were confirmed. These must be treated during the sensitive period of visual development. For other ocular findings intensive ophthalmic care is important for children with Down syndrome from the time of infancy.

Effect of quercetin and its glucuronide metabolite upon 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative damage in Neuro-2a cells.

Quercetin is ubiquitously distributed in plant foods. This antioxidative polyphenol is mostly converted to conjugated metabolites in the body. Parkinson disease (PD) has been suggested to be related to oxidative stress derived from abnormal dopaminergic activity. We evaluated if dietary quercetin contributes to the antioxidant network in the central nervous system from the viewpoint of PD prevention. A neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), was used as a model of PD. 6-OHDA-induced H2O2 production and cell death in mouse neuroblastoma, Neuro-2a. Quercetin aglycone suppressed 6-OHDA-induced H2O2 production and cell death, although aglycone itself reduced cell viability at higher concentration. Quercetin 3-O-ß-D-glucuronide (Q3GA), which is an antioxidative metabolite of dietary quercetin, was little incorporated into the cell resulting in neither suppression of 6-OHDA-induced cell death nor reduction of cell viability. Q3GA was found to be deconjugated to quercetin by microglial MG-6 cells. These results indicate that quercetin metabolites should be converted to their aglycone to exert preventive effect on damage to neuronal cells.