Performance, immune response, and meat quality in Newcastle-vaccinated quail fed with colored corn in place of yellow maize.

This work investigated the effects of the usage of colored corn as a replacement for 50% and 100% yellow corn in the diet of Japanese quail. Two hundred and forty-day-old Japanese quails were indiscriminately separated into four experimental groups consisting of six replicates each containing 10 quails. Experimental groups designed: the control group (C) (basal diet-0% colored corn, vaccinated), negative control group (NC) (basal diet-0% colored corn, no vaccine), 50% CC group (basal diet-50% colored corn, vaccinated), and 100% CC group (basal diet-100% colored corn, vaccinated). At the end of the 35-day period, the highest body weight and body weight gain (BWG) were recorded in the 50% CC (P < 0.05). The highest feed intake (FI) was recorded in the 100% CC group, the lowest FI in C (P > 0.05), and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 50% CC group (P < 0.05). While L* was not affected, a* and b* values were significantly affected by feeding colored corn (P < 0.05). Meat pH, cooking loss (CL), and water holding capacity (WHC) values were significantly affected, and the highest pH and CL values were in the C group and the highest WHC value in NC (P < 0.05). Colored corn had no influence on MDA7th concentration of breast meat. The antibody titers against NDV were significantly superior in the vaccinated groups than in the NC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of colored corn in quail had an affirmative effect on meat quality and growth performance but not on the immune response of quail against NDV.

Comparison of 99mTc-MIBI planar scintigraphy, SPET/CT and ultrasonography in detection of parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

OBJECTIVE: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease that is caused by a single adenoma in most of the cases. Surgical management is the mainstay and definitive treatment for parathyroid adenoma (PA). Minimally invasive surgical techniques are as effective as bilateral neck exploration with a lower risk of complications and better cosmetic results in patients with solitary PA. Accurate preoperative localization with imaging modalities is paramount for determining patients candidate for minimally invasive surgery. In this study we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of technetium-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile ( 99mTc-MIBI) planar scintigraphy (PS), single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPET/CT) and ultrasonography (US) in patients with PHPT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with biochemical evidence of PHPT who underwent pre-operative imaging with parathyroid scintigraphy and US for detection and localization of PA and proceeded to surgery were included in the study. All patients underwent dual phase 99mTc-sesta MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy (early and delayed planar images and delayed SPET/CT). Data analysis was performed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and PPV of planar images, SPET/CT and US alone and combined US and SPET/CT. Histopathology was used as gold standard. RESULTS: Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and diagnostic accuracy for detection of PA, 80,4%, 42,8%, 91,1% and 75,8% for PS; 80,4%, 57,7%, 91,1% and 77,5% for delayed SPET/CT; 88,2%, 85,7%, 97,8% and 87,9% for US and 94,1%, 71,4%, 96% and 91,3% for SPET/CT+US. Combined US and SPET/CT has been shown to increase sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy. The overall sensitivity of PS and SPET/CT didn't vary however additional information which is helpful for planning minimally invasive surgery gained from tomographic images. CONCLUSION: The combined use of US and SPET/CT has incremental value in accurately localizing PA over either technique alone. In the preoperative assessment of patients with PHPT combination of imaging methods allows selection of patients who would be suitable for minimally invasive surgery.

Chitosan-coated black sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed pulp as a novel candidate adsorbent for Cr(VI) elimination.

This study evaluates the application of Cr(VI) adsorption from the prepared synthetic solution by black sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed pulp (BSSP) and chitosan (Cts)-coated black sesame seed pulp beads (Cts-BSSP). BSSP and Cts-BSSP were used as an adsorbent without any chemical or physical treatment to remove Cr(VI) from an aqueous medium. The results indicated that the Cr(VI) removal was pH-dependent and reached an optimum at pH 2.0. It has been observed that the percentage of adsorption increased from 62% to 95% when the amount of Cts-BSSP increased from 0.0125 g to 0.0250 g. The required adsorbent amount for the maximum removal was 0.05 g and 0.1 g for Cst-BSSP and BSSP, respectively. The contact time for the adsorption was 120 min and 90 min for BSSP and Cst-BSSP, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to explore the possible adsorption mechanism for Cr(VI). The equilibrium data for the BSSP and Cts-BSSP were used with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models to assess the adsorption capacity and relevant mechanism. The adsorption capacity of the Cts-BSSP for Cr(VI) is relatively high compared to BSSP. The monolayer maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) ions were 31.44 and 18.32 mg/g for Cts-BSSP and BSSP, respectively.

Final oocyte maturation with two different GnRH agonists in antagonist co-treated cycles at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Triptorelin 0.2 mg and leuprolide 1 mg subcutaneous injections for triggering final follicular maturation were compared in patients with a high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Infertile patients treated with GnRH antagonist protocol between January 2014 and March 2016 were recruited. Patients with high serum oestradiol levels on HCG day (>3000 pg/ml) indicating a risk of OHSS consisted of the study groups (A and B). Patients with serum oestradiol levels less than 3000 pg/ml consisted of the control group (C). A single injection of 0.2 mg triptorelin, 1 mg leuprolide and 10000 IU HCG were administered for final oocyte triggering in groups A (n = 63), B (n = 74) and C (n = 131), respectively. Demographic parameters were comparable between the groups. No cases of severe or moderate OHSS occurred in any group. The clinical pregnancy rates were 31.7%, 37.8% and 32.8% in groups A, B and C, respectively. Both injections had comparable efficacy in clinical outcome and OHSS risk. Regardless of preferred drug, GnRH agonist trigger for final oocyte maturation seems to be safe for patients with high OHSS risk, and can be safely used in fresh embryo transfer cycles.

Highly sensitive HPLC method for the determination of galantamine in human plasma and urine through derivatization with dansyl chloride using fluorescence detector.

A new method based on fluorescence derivatization with 5-(dimethylamino) naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride) was developed for the quantitative determination of galantamine in human plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography. The reaction between galantamine and dansyl chloride was optimally realized in 30 min at room temperature and pH 10.5, with a reagent to galantamine molar ratio of 2.13. The derivative was extracted with dichloromethane, and the extract was dried under a nitrogen stream and dissolved in the mobile phase. Chromatographic analysis was performed with an Inertsil C18 column and a mobile phase comprising 40% acetonitrile and 60% 10 mM o-phosphoric acid, 1.2 ml/min. The injection volume was 20 µl. The derivatives were detected with a fluorescence detector (excitation 375 nm/emission 537 nm). The retention time for the dansyl derivative of galantamine was 16.8 min. Linearity was observed between 125 and 2000 ng/ml in water, urine and plasma. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the developed method were 6.27-70.99 and 18.81-212.97 ng/ml, respectively. Per cent recovery was calculated as 95.15 for urine and 95.78 for plasma. Interday repeatability values for urine and plasma samples (n = 6) at three different concentrations were calculated as a per cent relative standard deviation of 0.24-0.59 and 0.35-0.56. The corresponding per cent relative standard deviation values for intraday repeatability were 0.13-0.51 and 0.04-0.15, respectively.

Ischaemia-modified albumin in preeclampsia: A critical view.

The aim of the study was to compare ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels, both original and corrected, in healthy pregnancies and pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. Maternal and cord blood samples from study (n = 16) and control (n = 17) groups were collected at the time of delivery. IMA levels were given in absorbance units (ABSU). IMA levels, both original and corrected, were compared between study and control groups. No significant difference was found between maternal and cord blood IMA levels between the study and control groups [1.0 (0.3-3.5) vs 1.2 (0.2-1.4) ABSU, p = .053 and 1.0 (0.1-2.2) vs 0.9 (0.4-3.6) ABSU, p = .382, respectively]. The results were similar for maternal IMA levels, after correction of IMA levels [1.1 (0.3-5.1) vs 1.2 (0.2-1.6) ABSU, p = .292]. IMA is a novel marker for ischaemia, without precise conclusions about its value in preeclampsia. An absolute correction formula, considering all possible intervening factors, is required for more accurate results.

The association between prolactin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and Framingham risk score in menopause.

AIMS: To evaluate the association between serum prolactin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women regarding the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). METHODS: Fifty-eight menopausal women were enrolled into the cross-sectional study. All participants had 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography, electrocardiography, and carotid intima-media thickness measurement. Blood samples were obtained for prolactin, hs-CRP, lipid profile, fasting glucose, and insulin. RESULTS: Among the participants, 67.24% had a FRS <10%, and 32.75% had a FRS ≥10%. Levels of prolactin and hs-CRP did not differ between the FRS groups. In the FRS <10% group, significantly higher levels of prolactin were found. Cases with hypertension have significantly higher levels of hs-CRP. Prolactin and hs-CRP were found to be associated with hypertension in the FRS <10% and ≥10% groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertensive postmenopausal women with low risk for cardiovascular diseases have increased levels of prolactin, suggesting a possible role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The correlation of hs-CRP with systolic blood pressure can be interpreted as a potential effect of hypertensive heart disease reflecting a state of high-risk milieu with elevated inflammatory markers.

The association of osteocalcin and adiponectin with glucose metabolism in nondiabetic postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study was designed to determine if osteocalcin is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic risk factors and adiponectin levels in nondiabetic postmenopausal women. METHODS: A total of 87 menopausal nondiabetic subjects were enrolled into the study. Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin and serum lipids were determined. To estimate insulin sensitivity, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were used. Serum total osteocalcin and adiponectin levels were measured and the features of metabolic syndrome were identified. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 54.7 years. Among the participants, 28.7% were obese (body mass index, BMI, ≥30). Insulin resistance was detected by HOMA-IR in 42.5% and by the QUICKI index in 63.2% of the cases. Metabolic syndrome was present in 29.8% of the patients. Neither the baseline characteristics nor the metabolic risk factors were correlated with osteocalcin or adiponectin levels (p > 0.05). When the patients were analyzed regarding BMI, osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in overweight women. Serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in women with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: No correlation between total osteocalcin and FPG, fasting insulin and insulin resistance parameters was found in nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Serum levels of adiponectin were associated with metabolic syndrome.

Use of dose-volume histograms for metabolic response prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial radioembolization with Y-90 resin microspheres.

INTRODUCTION: Voxel-based dosimetry offers improved outcomes in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using glass microspheres. However, the adaptation of voxel-based dosimetry to resin-based microspheres has been poorly studied, and the prognostic relevance of heterogeneous dose distribution remains unclear. This study aims to explore the use of dose-volume histograms for resin microspheres and to determine thresholds for objective metabolic response in HCC patients treated with resin-based TARE. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed HCC patients who underwent TARE with Y-90-loaded resin microspheres in our institution between January 2021 and December 2022. Voxel-based dosimetry was performed on post-treatment Y-90 PET/CT images to extract parameters including mean dose absorbed by the tumor (mTD), the percentage of the targeted tumor volume (pTV), and the minimum doses absorbed by consecutive percentages within the tumor volume (D10, D25, D50, D75, D90). Assessment of metabolic response was done according to PERCIST criteria with F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging at 8-12 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: This study included 35 lesions targeted with 22 TARE sessions in 19 patients (15 males, 4 females, mean age 60 ± 13 years). Objective metabolic response was achieved in 43% of the lesions (n = 15). Responsive lesions had significantly higher mTD, pTV, and D25-D90 values (all p < 0.05). Optimal cut-off values for mTD, pTV, and D50 were 94.6 Gy (sensitivity 73%, specificity 70%, AUC 0.72), 94% (sensitivity 73%, specificity 55%, AUC 0.64), and 91 Gy (sensitivity 80%, specificity 80%, AUC 0.80), respectively. CONCLUSION: Parameters derived from dose-volume histograms could offer valuable insights for predicting objective metabolic response in HCC patients treated with resin-based TARE. If verified with larger prospective cohorts, these parameters could enhance the precision of dose distribution and potentially optimize treatment outcomes.

The effect of folic acid supplementation and folate deficiency on embryo implantation.

Implantation is a critical stage of pregnancy, which occurs in a short period of interaction between the receptive endometrium and the embryo. Folic acid (FA) is a synthetic derivative of folate and is recommended as a pre-conceptional supplement. However, the impact of different doses of FA supplementation and folate deficiency during the early stages of pregnancy requires further investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of FA supplementation and folate deficiency on expression of Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ER-α), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGFA), and Integrin alpha V and beta3 (Integrin αVß3). A total of 32, 6-8-week old Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of control, folate-deficiency, low-dose, and high-dose FA supplement groups. After five weeks of FA supplementation and folate deficiency model formation, mated rats were sacrificed on the 5th gestational day (GD), and implantation sites were collected. The expression of ER- α, VEGFA, and Integrin αVß3 in the implantation sites were examined with immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. The results revealed that the mRNA levels of ESR1, VEGFA, and Integrin αV and ß3 were significantly increased in the high-dose FA group and significantly decreased in the folate deficiency group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Based on these results, it can be concluded that FA supplementation before pregnancy has positive effects on the maintenance of pregnancy, and folate deficiency may lead to implantation disorders.

Current barriers and recommendations on the diagnosis of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a Delphi study.

Objectives: This study has been conducted to investigate the non-invasive diagnostic journey of patients with a transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (aTTR-CM) in Turkey, identify the challenges and uncertainties encountered on the path to diagnosis from the perspectives of expert physicians, and develop recommendations that can be applied in such cases. Methods: This study employed a three-round modified Delphi method and included 10 cardiologists and five nuclear medicine specialists. Two hematologists also shared their expert opinions on the survey results related to hematological tests during a final face-to-face discussion. A consensus was reached when 80% or more of the panel members marked the "agree/strongly agree" or "disagree/strongly disagree" option. Results: The panelists unanimously agreed that the aTTR-CM diagnosis could be established through scintigraphy (using either 99mTc-PYP, 99mTc-DPD, or 99mTc-HMPD) in a patient with suspected cardiac amyloidosis (CA) without a further investigation if AL amyloidosis is ruled out (by sFLC, SPIE and UPIE). In addition, scintigraphy imaging performed by SPECT or SPECT-CT should reveal a myocardial uptake of Grade ≥2 with a heart-to-contralateral (H/CL) ratio of ≥1.5. The cardiology panelists recommended using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and a detailed echocardiographic scoring as a last resort before considering an endomyocardial biopsy in patients with suspected CA whose scintigraphy results were discordant/inconclusive or negative but still carried a high clinical suspicion of aTTR-CM. Conclusion: The diagnostic approach for aTTR-CM should be customized based on the availability of diagnostic tools/methods in each expert clinic to achieve a timely and definitive diagnosis.

YouTube as a Source of Information on Lipedema: Property, Quality, and Reliability Assessment.

Background/Aim: YouTube provides information on several health-conditions including lipedema. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties, quality, and quantity of YouTube videos on lipedema. Methods: We explored YouTube using the key word lipedema and the initial top 50 videos were included to review. The properties comprising informers, target, and domains of videos covering number of views, likes, dislikes, duration, viewing rate (VR), and video power index (VPI) were recorded. A modified DISCERN tool and global quality scale (GQS) were used to assess the reliability and quality of videos, respectively. Results: The top 50 videos had a mean of 35,805 views, 282 likes, 12 dislikes, and 30 comments. The mean VPI (96.4) and VR (63.8%) were high. The videos were generally uploaded by health professionals for patient/public and health professional targets with the same ratio (50%). The majority of video contents was related to general information (68%) followed by surgical treatment (62%). Only a small ratio of their content (22%) was about nonsurgical management. The reliability and quality of the videos were intermediate to low. The median DISCERN and GQS scores were higher in the videos uploaded by health professional group compared with nonhealth professionals, but the number of views, VPI, and VR were similar between the groups with regard to the source. Conclusion: YouTube videos on lipedema are mostly provided by health professionals targeting both public/patients and health care providers but the content is limited and the quality and reliability of them were low to intermediate. Therefore, the lipedema specialists are suggested to work together to create up-to-date, high-quality, accessible online educational content to meet the needs of both patients/public and the health professionals. In addition, control mechanisms and careful peer reviewing of the videos informed by nonhealth professionals are warranted to avoid misleading information.

The variation of quantitative parameters and Deauville scores with different reconstruction algorithms in FDG PET/CT imaging of lymphoma patients.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: 18F-FDG PET with the Deauville score (DS) is a unique semiquantitative method for lymphoma. However, type of standard uptake values (max, mean, and peak) reconstruction algorithms could affect DS. We compared the Bayesian Penalized Likelihood reconstruction algorithm (BPL) with Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM) on quantitative parameters and DS in lymphoma. We investigated the effect of the size of the lymph node on quantitative variation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Raw PET data of 255 lymphoma patients were reconstructed separately with Q.Clear (GE Healthcare), a BPL, and SharpIR (GE Healthcare), an OSEM algorithm. In both images, each patient's liver, mediastinal blood pool, and SUVs (SUVmax, SUVmean, and SUVpeak) of a total of 487 lesions selected from the patients were performed. DSmax, DSmean, and DSpeak were compared. RESULTS: In our study, DS increased significantly with BPL (p < 0.001), and the DS increased to 4-5 in thirty patients evaluated as 1-2-3 with OSEM. It was found that the quantitative values of the lymph nodes increased statistically with BPL (p < 0.001), and the liver from the reference regions were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). In addition, difference in lymph node was independently associated with size of lesion and was significantly more pronounced in small lesions (p < 0.001). The effects of BPL algorithm were more pronounced in SUVmax than in SUVmean and SUVpeak. DS-mean and DS-peak scores were less changed by BPL than DS-max. CONCLUSION: Different reconstruction algorithms in FDG PET/CT affect the quantitative evaluation. That variation may affect the change in DS in lymphoma patients, thus affecting patient management.

Stereotactic body radioablation therapy as an immediate and early term antiarrhythmic palliative therapeutic choice in patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia.

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic body radioablation therapy (SBRT) has recently been introduced with the ability to provide ablative energy noninvasively to arrhythmogenic substrate while reducing damage to normal cardiac tissue nearby and minimizing patients' procedural risk. There is still debate regarding whether SBRT has a predominant effect in the early or late period after the procedure. We sought to assess the time course of SBRT's efficacy as well as the value of using a blanking period following a SBRT session. METHODS: Eight patients (mean age 58 ± 14 years) underwent eight SBRT sessions for refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). SBRT was given using a linear accelerator device with a total dose of 25 Gy to the targeted area. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 8 months, all patients demonstrated VT recurrences; however, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and anti-tachycardia pacing therapies were significantly reduced with SBRT (8.46 to 0.83/per month, p = 0.047; 18.50 to 3.29/per month, p = 0.036, respectively). While analyzing the temporal SBRT outcomes, the 2 weeks to 3 months period demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. After 6 months, one patient was ICD therapy-free and the remaining patients demonstrated VT episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that the SBRT was associated with a marked reduction in the burden of VT and ICD interventions especially during first 3 months. Although SBRT does not seem to succeed complete termination of VT in long-term period, our findings support the strategy that SBRT can be utilized for immediate antiarrhythmic palliation in critically ill patients with otherwise untreatable refractory VT and electrical storm.

Sex-hormone-binding globulin early in pregnancy for the prediction of severe gestational diabetes mellitus and related complications.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to clarify the association between SHBG levels and GDM complications/medication requirements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among the participants (n = 93) who provided blood samples between 13 and 16 weeks' gestation, 30 cases subsequently developed GDM. Complications and medical interventions were noted. The best cut-off point of SHBG and diagnostic performance were calculated. RESULTS: The mean age was 28.45 ± 5.0 years. SHBG levels were lower in the GDM group (n = 30) when compared with non-GDM (n = 63) cases (<0.01). Among the GDM women, SHBG was lower in the insulin therapy group (n = 15) compared with medical nutritional therapy alone (n = 15) (P < 0.01). A good predictive accuracy of SHBG was found for GDM requiring insulin therapy (area under the curve: 0.866, 95% confidence interval: 0.773-0.959). An SHBG threshold for 97.47 nmol/L had a sensitivity of 80.0%, specificity 84.6%, positive predictive value 50.0% and negative predictive value 95.7%. The calculated odds ratio for SHBG < 97.47 nmol/L was 12.346 (95% confidence interval: 1.786-83.33). CONCLUSIONS: SHBG is valuable for screening women early in pregnancy for GDM risk; however, a standard assay for analyses and a threshold level of serum SHBG for a constant gestational week has to be determined.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to the temporooccipital skull: a case report.

The patient was admitted to our clinic with the complaint of swelling in his left post-auricular region. The medical history revealed that he underwent thyroid surgery eight years ago and the specimen was reported as papillary thyroid carcinoma. Following required analyses, total thyroidectomy and biopsy from mastoid region were performed. Total thyroidectomy specimen was proved thyroid papillary microcarcinomas at five foci of the thyroid gland, while biopsy samples obtained from the mastoid region were reported as metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent radioactive iodine, followed by radiotherapy. In this article, we present a 61-year-old male patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the temporooccipital region, accompanied by multiple cranial nerve paralysis.

Development and Validation of Two New Methods for the Determination of Rilmenidine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparation.

In the present study, two new methods were developed and validated for the determination of rilmenidine in bulk and pharmaceutical preparation. Both methods are based on a derivatization reaction using 4-chloro-7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) as a fluorogenic substance. The drug reagent derivatives were formed by the reaction of rilmenidine with NBD-Cl at pH 9.0 at 70°C for 40 min. The reaction mixtures were analyzed by spectrofluorimetry in the first method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the second method. Derivatives were determined at λex 493 nm and at λem 536 nm in the spectrofluorimetric method. The separation was performed place on a Phenomenex, C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm i.d) using a mobile phase comprising 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile gradient elution mode in the HPLC method. Analytes were detected by a fluorescence detector at the same wavelength. The methods were validated for limit of quantitation, linearity, robustness, recovery, limit of detection, precision and accuracy. Calibration curves for the first and second methods were found to be linear in the range of 2.0-12.0 and 250-2000 ng/mL, respectively. Detection limits for the spectrofluorimetric and HPLC methods were calculated as 0.16 and 18.28 ng/mL, respectively. The validated methods were applied successfully to the determination of rilmenidine in bulk and pharmaceutical preparation.