Tobacco smoking is an independent factor associated with retinal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional and retrospective study.

To analyze the influence of tobacco smoking on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinical features and damage. Cross-sectional and retrospective, case-control study comparing SLE patients with and without tobacco exposure. Cumulative clinical data and comorbidities were collected, and severity (Katz index) and damage (SLICC/ACR damage index) (SDI) indices were calculated. Pack-years (PY) was used to estimate lifetime tobacco exposure. A logistic regression was carried out to explore the impact of tobacco use on retinal damage. 216 patients were included. The mean age was 49 years (± 12.7), 93% were females, and median disease duration was 17 years [interquartile range (IQR):9-25]. Fifty-three percent of patients were smokers at some point. The median PY was 13 (IQR: 6-20.5). Only 54.8% of active smokers recalled having been informed of the negative effects of smoking, versus 83.3% of never smokers (< 0.001). In a bivariant analysis, an association between tobacco use at any time and discoid lupus [OR: 3.5(95%CI 1.5-8.9); p = 0.002] photosensitivity [OR: 2.06(95%CI 1.16-3.7); p = 0.01] and peripheral arteriopathy (p = 0.007) was found. Considering SDI item by item, a significant association with retinal damage, adjusted for age [OR: 1.03(95%CI 1-1.07); p = 0.04], was found. Using PYs, an association was found with discoid lupus (p = 0.01), photosensitivity (p = 0.03) and peripheral arteriopathy (p = 0.01), global SDI > 0 (p = 0.002) and retinal damage (p = 0.02). In a multivariate analysis exploring factors associated with retinal damage, any previous smoking history and SDI remained associated with retinal damage. Tobacco smoking is associated with cutaneous manifestations and damage and is an independent predictor of retinal damage in SLE patients.

Level of Physical Activity and Knowledge about the Physical Activity Guidelines in a Group of Medical Residents from Puerto Rico.

OBJECTIVE: Physicians who know about physical activity guidelines (PAG) and those who adhere to the PAG themselves may have a greater tendency to recommend physical activity (PA) to their patients. This study was aimed at evaluating the level of PA in a group of medical residents from Puerto Rico and to assess their knowledge regarding the PAG for adults. METHODS: A total of 104 medical residents from Puerto Rico completed a selfadministered questionnaire designed to obtain standardized estimates of their PA and to determine their level of knowledge regarding the PAG. RESULTS: Results: Most of the medical residents (66.3%) declared that they did not have any knowledge of the existence of the PAG and that their residency programs had not provided any educational activities about the PAG (96.2%). The level of inactivity among medical residents was high; 41.35% reported not engaging in any PA during their leisure time. CONCLUSION: Most of the medical residents in this group from Puerto Rico did not know about the PAG and many of them did not engage in PA. As a means of improving patient care, medical residents from Puerto Rico might benefit if their programs implemented educational activities aimed at increasing knowledge of both PA and the PAG.

Epilepsia mioclonica de la adolescencia: un estudio de 39 pacientes

Teinta e nueve pacientes fueron diagnosticados de epilepsia mioclónica de la adolescencia, de un grupo de 65 pacientes con epilepsias y síndromes epilépticos generalizados, constituyendo el 60% de éstos. Ninguno de los pacientes había sido diagnosticado como portador de este síndrome y el promdedio de años desde el inicio de la enfermedad hasta el diagnóstico fue de 7 años. El Promedio de edad de inciio fue de 14 años, con una variación de 8 a 22 años. En 56% de los pacientes se presentó el síndrome con ausencias, mioclonías y crisis clónico-tónico-clónicas generalizadas. El 31% de los pacientes tuvieron antecedentes de epilespia en sus padres o hermanos. Se analizaron los hallazgos electroencefalográficos, los factores desencadenantes de crisis y la respuesta terapéutica. La epilepsia miclónica de la adolescencia de Janz ha constituído el 15% de todos los pacientes con crisis epilépticas que han acudido a un servicio de neurología de un hospital general por lo que reconocerlo es indispensable para el manejo adecuado de la epilelpsia