Taxonomic revision of the Southeast Asian brook barb genus Poropuntius Smith, 1931 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) with description of a new species from Vietnam.

Molecular data from samples encompassing 22 nominal species of Poropuntius indicate that the species-level diversity in the genus has been vastly overestimated, likely due to inadequate taxon and geographic sampling and reliance on morphological characters that vary intra-specifically. The latter includes discrete mouth morphologies related to alternate feeding strategies (ecomorphs) within populations. One new species is described, Poropuntiusanlaoensis Hoàng, Pham & Tran, sp. nov., and 17 synonyms of six valid species names of Poropuntius, P.krempfi, P.alloiopleurus, P.huangchuchieni, P.laoensis, P.kontumensis, and P.deauratus, are recognised. Additional taxonomic changes in this widespread and generally poorly known genus are likely as more molecular and morphological data become available.

Redescription of Pterygoplichthys punctatus and description of a new species of Pterygoplichthys (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Pterygoplichthys punctatus and P. weberi, new species, are unique among hypostomines in having a medially divided buccal papilla. The two species can be separated from one another by color (small spots in P. punctatus, large in P. weberi), condition of the buccal papilla (deeply divided at all ages in P. punctatus vs. shallowly divided in adults of P. weberi), condition of the lateral keel odontodes (fairly short and directed posteriorly in P. punctatus vs. large and directed almost laterally in P. weberi), and body width (SL/cleithral width 3.6-4.0 in P. punctatus vs. 3.3-3.4 in P. weberi). Pterygoplichthys punctatus is known from the rio Madeira drainage and the rio Urubu of Brazil and has published, but unconfirmed localities in the rio Purus and rio Tocantins basin, and P. weberi is known from the Río Marañon, Río Ucayali, and upper Río Amazonas drainages of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Pterygoplichthys punctatus e P. weberi, espécie nova, são únicos entre os hipostomíneos por possuirem uma papila bucal dividida medialmente. As duas espécies podem ser separadas entre si pela coloração (pequenos pontos em P. punctatus, pontos grandes em P. weberi), condição da papila bucal (profundamente dividida em jovens e adultos de P. punctatus vs. dividida superficialmente em adultos de P. weberi), condição da quilha de odontódios laterais (pequena e dirigida posteriormente em P. punctatus vs. grande e dirigida quase lateralmente em P. weberi), e largura do corpo (comprimento padrão/largura no cleitro 3.6-4.0 em P. punctatus vs. 3.3-3.4 em P. weberi). Pterygoplichthys punctatus é conhecida da drenagem do rio Madeira e do rio Urubu no Brasil and tem sido citada, porém sem confirmação, para localidades nas bacias dos rio Purus e Tocantins, e P. weberi é conhecida do río Marañon, río Ucayali, e drenagens do alto río Amazonas na Colômbia, Ecuador e Peru.