Do binge drinking adolescents have a greater number of traumatised teeth? A longitudinal study with 12-year-olds in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Binge drinking has been linked to traumatic dental injury (TDI). Once drunk, adolescents are more prone to accidents, which may result in orofacial injury. AIM: This study evaluated the possible association of binge drinking with a number of traumatised teeth in a population of 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents in 2013 and 2015. DESIGN: This study was longitudinal, carried out with 588 adolescents at two moments, 2013 and 2015. TDI, overjet and lip protection were assessed by calibrated examiners. Binge drinking data were collected through the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Sociodemographic indicators were obtained through a questionnaire answered by the parents/guardians. The Poisson regression model with a random effects intercept was estimated. RESULTS: A higher prevalence of traumatised teeth was observed among adolescents who binge drink (IRR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05-1.80; p < .05). The prevalence was also significantly higher among adolescents in this age range with a ≥ 3-mm overjet and those with inadequate lip protection (IRR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.44-2.76; p < .001 and IRR = 3.41; 95% CI: 2.57-4.53; p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION: A greater number of traumatised teeth were found among adolescents who reported binge drinking and had severe overjet and inadequate lip coverage.

Correlates of binge drinking among Brazilian adolescents.

Adolescence is a vulnerable period for risk-taking tendencies, including binge drinking. The aim of this study was to examined the prevalence of binge drinking and its association with factors related to the consumption of alcoholic beverages by best friend, familial factors, socioeconomic status and religiosity. A Census of 633 students from public and private schools in Diamantina-MG was conducted. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C (AUDIT-C) and, another on the consumption of alcohol by family and friends. Surveys inquiring about socioeconomic conditions were sent to parents/guardians. Descriptive and bivariate analyzes were performed (p < 0.05). The log-binomial model was used to calculate PR and 95% CI. The prevalence of binge drinking was 23.1%. The average age of onset of alcohol consumption was 10,8 years. Binge drinking was more prevalent among adolescents whose best friend [OR = 4.72 (95% CI 2.78-8.03)] and brother [PR = 1.46 (95% CI 1.10-1.92)] drink alcohol. Religiosity [PR = 0.40 (95% CI 0.27-0.62)] appeared as a possible protective factor. Our findings indicate that peer effects are important determinants of drinking and could be utilized as a potential target for interventions to reduce alcohol consumption rates.

[Binge drinking among 12-year-old adolescent schoolchildren and its association with sex, socioeconomic factors and alcohol consumption by best friends and family members]. / Consumo de álcool em binge por adolescentes escolares de 12 anos de idade e sua associação com sexo, condição socioeconômica e consumo de álcool por melhores amigos e familiars.

This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 101 twelve-year-old adolescents enrolled in public and private schools in the city of Diamantina in the State of Minas Gerais. The scope was to evaluate the prevalence of binge drinking among 12-year-old schoolchildren and its association with gender, socioeconomic status and alcohol consumption by family members and best friends. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire entitled the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) and the consumption of alcoholic beverages by friends and family. Parents/guardians answered the form on sociodemographic questions. Descriptive analyses and association tests were performed (p < 0.05). The prevalence of binge drinking was 24.8%. Alcoholic beverage consumption began at the age of 10 (16.8%), though sex was not associated with binge drinking by adolescents. However, attending a public school (0.005) and alcohol consumption by best friends (p < 000.1) were associated with binge drinking by adolescents in the bivariate analysis. The prevalence of binge drinking was high and was associated with low socioeconomic status and alcohol consumption by the best friend. No association between sex and alcohol consumption by the family members of adolescents was detected.

Assessment of the Need for Dental Treatment Resulting From Dental Trauma in 12-Year-Old Brazilian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To identify the need for restorative treatment in 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren with dental trauma and its association with clinical and socioeconomic factors. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with sample composed of 588 12-year-old students from the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected from August to November 2016 through clinical examination, adopting the Andreasen classification and semi-structured questionnaire to verify the etiology and location of the accident that resulted in dental trauma. Statistical analysis included the frequency distribution and bi and multivariate analysis, with 5% significance level. Results: The presence of 219 traumatized teeth in 176 students was observed (29.9%). The main lesion was enamel fracture (41.4%), followed by enamel and dentin fracture (39.4%). The presence of restorative treatment was observed only in 11.5% of students. Fall (43.5%) was the most frequent etiology, followed by accidents on the streets (35.8%). Need for treatment was present in 53.4% of adolescents. Statistically significant association between males (p=0.010), severe overjet (p<0.0001) and inadequate lip protection (p<0.0001) and presence of dental trauma was observed. Maternal schooling over 8 years of study was statistically associated with need for restorative treatment (OR = 2.047; CI: 1.099-3.813; p=0.023). Conclusion: Prevalence of dental trauma, need for restorative treatment and number of adolescents with no access to restorative treatment in this study were high, point out that the health system is unable to satisfactorily prevent dental trauma and absorb all dental treatment demand resulting from dental trauma.

Correlates of binge drinking among Brazilian adolescents / Correlações do binge drinking entre adolescentes brasileiros

Abstract Adolescence is a vulnerable period for risk-taking tendencies, including binge drinking. The aim of this study was to examined the prevalence of binge drinking and its association with factors related to the consumption of alcoholic beverages by best friend, familial factors, socioeconomic status and religiosity. A Census of 633 students from public and private schools in Diamantina-MG was conducted. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C (AUDIT-C) and, another on the consumption of alcohol by family and friends. Surveys inquiring about socioeconomic conditions were sent to parents/guardians. Descriptive and bivariate analyzes were performed (p < 0.05). The log-binomial model was used to calculate PR and 95% CI. The prevalence of binge drinking was 23.1%. The average age of onset of alcohol consumption was 10,8 years. Binge drinking was more prevalent among adolescents whose best friend [OR = 4.72 (95% CI 2.78-8.03)] and brother [PR = 1.46 (95% CI 1.10-1.92)] drink alcohol. Religiosity [PR = 0.40 (95% CI 0.27-0.62)] appeared as a possible protective factor. Our findings indicate that peer effects are important determinants of drinking and could be utilized as a potential target for interventions to reduce alcohol consumption rates.

Resumo A adolescência é um período vulnerável da tendência em assumir riscos, incluindo consumo excessivo de álcool. Avaliou-se a prevalência de "binge drinking" e sua associação com o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelo melhor amigo, fatores familiares, condição socioeconômica e religiosidade. Foi conduzido um censo de 633 alunos de escolas públicas e privadas em Diamantina-MG. Os participantes preencheram o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C (AUDIT-C) e um questionário sobre o consumo de álcool por familiares e amigos. Questionários com perguntas sobre condições socioeconômicas foram enviados aos pais/responsáveis. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas (p < 0,05). O modelo log-binomial foi usado para calcular RP e 95% IC. A prevalência de consumo excessivo de álcool foi de 23,1%. A idade média de início do consumo de álcool foi de 10,8 anos. O "binge drinking" foi mais prevalente entre adolescentes cujo melhor amigo [OR = 4,72 (95% IC 2,78-8,03)] e irmão [RP = 01.46 (IC 95% 1,10-1,92)] consumiam álcool. A religiosidade [RP = 0,40 (IC 95% 0,27-0,62)] apareceu como um possível fator de proteção. Os efeitos de pares são importantes determinantes do consumo de álcool e poderiam ser utilizados como um alvo potencial em intervenções para reduzir as taxas deste.

Associação do uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, sexo e condição socioeconômica entre adolescentes de 12 anos de idade / Association between use of licit and illicit drugs, sex, and socioeconomic status among 12-year-old adolescents

Resumo Introdução O uso de drogas entre adolescentes está aumentando, e o hábito vem se enraizando cada vez mais precocemente. Objetivo Investigar a associação do uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, sexo e condição socioeconômica entre adolescentes de 12 anos. Método Estudo transversal foi realizado em amostra representativa de adolescentes matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas da área urbana de Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Dados foram coletados por meio de questionários autoaplicados. O consumo de drogas foi investigado utilizando o instrumento ASSIST (Teste para Triagem do Envolvimento com Álcool, Cigarro e Outras Substâncias). Para investigar a condição socioeconômica, foram utilizados os indicadores: tipo de escola, renda familiar e escolaridade materna. As associações foram testadas pelos testes do Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher (p < 0,05). Resultados A prevalência do consumo de álcool foi de 45,6% (260/588); uso de maconha, de 1,5% (9/588); de cocaína, 0,3% (2/588); e de inalantes, 1,7% (10/588). Sexo masculino esteve associado estatisticamente com consumo de maconha (p = 0,018) e de álcool (p = 0,012), mas não com uso de inalantes (p = 0,536). Na amostra estudada, não foi observada associação estatisticamente significativa entre o consumo de drogas ilícitas e os indicadores socioeconômicos. O consumo de álcool esteve associado ao uso de maconha p = 0,013 [OR:9,814 (1,220-78,984)]. Conclusão O consumo de álcool e o uso de maconha estiveram estatisticamente associados com o sexo masculino, mas não com os indicadores socioeconômicos.

Abstract Background Drug use among adolescents is on the rise, and the habit has been taking root at an increasingly early age. Objective Investigate the correlation between use of licit and illicit drugs, sex, and socioeconomic conditions among 12-year-old adolescents. Method Cross sectional study conducted with a representative sample of adolescents enrolled in public and private schools in the urban area of ​​ Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Consumption of drugs was investigated using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) instrument. School type, family income, and maternal education were used to investigate socioeconomic condition. Associations were tested using the Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05). Results The following drug consumption prevalence values were found: alcohol, 45.6% (260/588); marijuana, 1.5% (9/588), cocaine, 0.3% (2/588); inhalants, 1.7% (10/588). The male gender was statistically associated with consumption of marijuana (p = 0.018) and alcohol (p = 0.012), but not with use of inhalants (p = 0.536). No statistically significant correlation was observed between consumption of licit and illicit drugs and the socioeconomic indicators adopted. Alcohol consumption was associated with use of marijuana (p = 0.013) [OR:9.814 (1.220 to 78.984)]. Conclusion Alcohol consumption and use of marijuana were statistically associated with the male gender, but not with socioeconomic indicators.

Consumo de drogas ilícitas como fator de risco para traumatismo dentário em adolescentes / Illicit drugs use as risk factor of dental trauma among adolescents

Resumo Traumatismo dentário e consumo de drogas ilícitas podem comprometer gravemente a saúde dos adolescentes e são considerados sérios problemas de saúde pública. Objetivo Investigar a associação do traumatismo dentário com o uso de drogas ilícitas e condição socioeconômica entre adolescentes de 12 anos de idade. Métodos Estudo transversal envolvendo 633 adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Diamantina, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exame clínico e questionários. Traumatismo dentário foi avaliado pela classificação de Andreasen, e consumo de drogas ilícitas, pelo instrumento ASSIST (Teste para Triagem do Envolvimento com Álcool, Cigarro e Outras Substâncias). As associações foram testadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado e teste Exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Resultados A presença do traumatismo dentário foi observada em 176 adolescentes (29,9%). A prevalência reportada do uso de maconha foi de 1,5% (9/588), de cocaína, 0,3% (2/588), e de inalantes, 1,7% (10/588). Traumatismo dentário foi mais prevalente entre adolescentes do sexo masculino (p=0,010) que tinham usado maconha (p=0,024) na vida. Conclusão A associação observada entre o uso de drogas ilícitas e o sexo masculino com o traumatismo dentário sugere a necessidade de adoção de políticas voltadas para o controle efetivo dessas condições, principalmente em idade precoce.

Abstract The dental trauma and consumption of illicit drugs can seriously jeopardize adolescents’ health and are considered serious public health problems. Objective To investigate the association between dental trauma and the use of illicit drugs and socioeconomic status among adolescents 12 years of age. Methods Cross-sectional study involving 633 adolescents enrolled in public and private schools of the city Diamantina-MG. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and clinical examination. The dental trauma was assessed by Andreasen classification and consumption of illicit drugs was investigated using the ASSIST instrument (Involvement Screening Test for with Alcohol, Cigarette and Other Substances). Associations were tested using the Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test (p <0.05). Results The presence of dental trauma was observed in 176 adolescents (29.9%). The reported prevalence of marijuana use was 1.5% (9/588), 0.3% cocaine (2/588) and inhalants 1.7% (10/588). Dental trauma was more prevalent among adolescent males (p=0.010) who had used marijuana (p=0.024) in life. Conclusion The observed association between illicit drug use and male with dental trauma suggests the need to adopt policies for the effective control of these conditions especially at an early age.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with traumatic dental injury among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Montes Claros, MG, Brazil / Prevalência e fatores de risco associados ao traumatismo dentário em escolares de 12 anos de idade em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The scope of this study was to determine the prevalence of trauma in the permanent dentition of 12-year-old schoolchildren and assess associations with demographic factors such as gender and socioeconomic status and overjet and lip coverage clinical factors. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a representative sample of 638 students. Data were gathered by means of clinical examinations and self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by the use of the chi-square test and Poisson logistic regression model for the determination of significant associations. The prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 34.9%. Falls constituted the main etiological factor (49.7%), and occurred in the home (48.2%). The results of the Poisson regression analysis revealed that accentuated overjet (> 5 mm) remained associated with traumatic dental injury irrespective of the other variables [PR = 1.50 (95% CI: 1.41 to 1.61); p = 0.003]. Moreover, a statistically significant association was found between accentuated overjet and dental trauma. No significant associations were found between TDI and socioeconomic status. These findings highlight the need for prevention strategies and orthodontic correction at the onset of the permanent dentition.

Introdução: O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência de traumatismo dentário na dentição permanente em escolares de 12 anos de idade e sua associação com fatores demográficos (gênero e condição socioeconômica) e clínicos (sobressaliência acentuada e proteção labial). Metodologia: Um estudo transversal foi realizado em uma amostra representativa de 638 escolares. Dados foram coletados por exame clínico e questionário autoaplicável. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, seguidas do teste qui-quadrado e modelo de regressão de Poisson para determinar associações. Resultados: A prevalência de traumatismo dentário foi de 34,9%. Queda foi o principal fator etiológico (49,7%). Os resultados da regressão logística de Poisson revelaram que o aumento do overjet (> 5 mm) se manteve associado aos traumatismos dentários de forma independente das demais variáveis [PR = 1.50 (95% CI: 1.41 to 1.61); p = 0.003]. Conclusão: Associação estatisticamente significativa foi observada entre aumento do overjet e presença de traumatismo dentário. Não foi observada associação estatística entre os traumatismos dentários e a condição socioeconômica. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a necessidade de estratégias de prevenção e correção ortodôntica na dentição permanente. .

Consumo de álcool em binge por adolescentes escolares de 12 anos de idade e sua associação com sexo, condição socioeconômica e consumo de álcool por melhores amigos e familiares / Binge drinking among 12-year-old adolescent schoolchildren and its association with sex, socioeconomic factors and alcohol consumption by best friends and family members

Estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de 101 adolescentes com 12 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas de Diamantina/MG, avaliando a prevalência de consumo de álcool em “binge” por adolescentes escolares de 12 anos e sua associação com as condições socioeconômicas, sexo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas por familiares e melhores amigos. Os participantes responderam questionário autoaplicável, Teste de Identificação de Problemas Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool C (Audit-C) e sobre consumo de álcool por amigos e familiares. O formulário sobre questões sociodemográficas foi respondido pelos pais/responsáveis. Foram feitas análises descritivas e teste de associação (p < 0,05). A prevalência do consumo em “binge” foi de 24,8%. O início do consumo de bebida alcoólica foi aos 10 anos (16,8%). O sexo não esteve associado ao consumo de álcool pelos adolescentes. Entretanto, estudar em escola pública (0,005) e consumo de álcool pelo melhor amigo (p = 0,0001) estiveram associados ao consumo em “binge”, por adolescentes na análise bivariada. O consumo em “binge” foi alto e associado à condição socioeconômica baixa e ao consumo de álcool pelo melhor amigo. Não foi observada associação com o sexo e o consumo de álcool pelos familiares dos adolescentes.

This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 101 twelve-year-old adolescents enrolled in public and private schools in the city of Diamantina in the State of Minas Gerais. The scope was to evaluate the prevalence of binge drinking among 12-year-old schoolchildren and its association with gender, socioeconomic status and alcohol consumption by family members and best friends. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire entitled the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) and the consumption of alcoholic beverages by friends and family. Parents/guardians answered the form on sociodemographic questions. Descriptive analyses and association tests were performed (p < 0.05). The prevalence of binge drinking was 24.8%. Alcoholic beverage consumption began at the age of 10 (16.8%), though sex was not associated with binge drinking by adolescents. However, attending a public school (0.005) and alcohol consumption by best friends (p < 000.1) were associated with binge drinking by adolescents in the bivariate analysis. The prevalence of binge drinking was high and was associated with low socioeconomic status and alcohol consumption by the best friend. No association between sex and alcohol consumption by the family members of adolescents was detected.

Estudo exploratório sobre a prevalência de traumatismo dentário e obesidade em escolares de 12 anos de idade em Diamantina, Minas Gerais / Exploratory study on the prevalence of dental injuries and obesity among 12-years-old schoolchildren in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objetivo: O objetivo foi analisar a prevalência de traumatismo dentário em escolares com 12 anos de idade, na cidade de Diamantina, MG, avaliando ainda a associação com fatores demográficos e clínicos. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 101 escolares (46,5% do sexo masculino e 53,5% do sexo feminino) selecionados de escolas públicas e privadas. O exame clínico foi realizado por um dentista treinado e calibrado adotando a classificação de Andreasen et al. A condição socioeconômica foi investigada por meio do questionário ABA-ABIPEME, renda familiar e escolaridade da mãe. A obesidade foi medida pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC= peso [kg] / altura [m2]), por sexo e idade. Foram realizadas análises de frequência e teste de associação (p<0,05). Resultados: A prevalência de traumatismo dentário foi 33,7%, a principal lesão a fratura de esmalte (57,7%) e o tratamento mais prevalente a restauração estética com compósito (5,9%). A maioriadas crianças apresentou apenas um dente acometido (94,1%), sendo o incisivo central o dente mais afetado. Otraumatismo dentário em 77,8% dos escolares ocorreu há mais de um ano. Houve associação estatisticamentesignificativa entre o sexo masculino Odds Ratio (OR) – 2,54 e Intervalo de Confiança (IC) 95%=1,090-5,951(p=0,029), sobressaliência acentuada OR – 6,648 (IC95%=2,591-7,057) (p=0,001), proteção labial inadequadaOR – 4,977 (IC95%=2,001-12,376) (p<0,0001) e a presença de traumatismo dentário. O traumatismo dentário não esteve estatisticamente associado à classe socioeconômica (p=0,579), escolaridade da mãe (p=0,249) e IMC (p=0,776). Conclusão: A prevalência de traumatismo dentário aos 12 anos foi elevada, estando associada ao gênero e aos fatores clínicos sobressaliência acentuada e proteção labial inadequada, porém semelhantes entre as classes socioeconômicas e padrões nutricionais.

Prevalence of dental trauma and association with alcohol consumption, demographic and clinical factors among 12-year-old schoolchildren: an exploratory study

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of traumatic dental injury (TDI) of the permanent incisors and association with alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, gender, overjet and lip coverage among 12-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Diamantina,in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Material and Methods:An exploratory cross-sectional study was carried out with a convenience sample of 101 schoolchildren (46.5% males and 53.4% females) selected from public and private schools. The diagnosis of TDI was performed by a dentist who had undergone a training andcalibration exercise using the Andreasen classification. Data analysis involved the determination of frequency distribution and the chi-squared test (p<0.05).Results:The prevalence rates of TDI, alcohol consumption and binge drinking were 33.7%, 37.6% and 24.8%, respectively. The main type of TDI was enamel fracture (53.6%), followed by enamel + dentin fracture without pulp exposure (n=29; 4%). Only 9.8% of the adolescents with TDI underwent subsequent treatment. Significant associations were found between TDI and the male gender (p=0.029), overjet (p<0.0001) and inadequate lip coverage (p<0.0001). No associations were found with socioeconomic status (p=0.579), household income (p=0.776), alcohol consumption (p=0.281) or binge drinking (p=0.207). Conclusion:High prevalence rates of TDI, alcohol consumption and binge drinking were found among the 12-year-olds analyzed. TDI was associated with gender and lip coverage, but no associations were found with socioeconomic status or alcohol consumption

Estudo transversal em escolares de 12 anos de idade sobre a necessidade de tratamento, etiologia e ocorrência de traumatismo dentário em Montes Claros, Brasil / Cross-sectional study on treatment needs, etiology and occurrence of traumatic dental injuries among 12-year old schoolchildren in Montes Claros, Brazil

Objetivo: Avaliar a necessidade de tratamento, etiologia e o local de ocorrência do acidente que resultou em traumatismo dentário nos incisivos permanentes de escolares com 12 anos de idade, na cidade de Montes Claros.Materiais e Métodos: Para cálculo amostral utilizou-se a variabilidade populacional máxima (0,25), com nível de confiança de 95%, Z α /2 = 1,96; erro de estimação de 4%, d = 0,03. O tamanho da amostra mínima calculada foi 546 crianças, sendo acrescido de 10%, totalizando 638 crianças, selecionadas aleatoriamente nas escolas públicas e particulares. Em um primeiro momento foi investigada a prevalência de traumatismo dentário por meio de exames clínicos adotando a classificação Children ́s Dental Health Survey do UK, realizado por um dentista treinado e calibrado (Kappa= 0,87 e 0,96). As crianças foram examinadas naescola sob luz artificial. Após os exames foi aplicado um questionário semi-estruturado direcionado às crianças a fim de investigar o conhecimento da ocorrência de traumatismo dentário, etiologia e local do acidente. Para obtenção dos resultados foi realizada análise descritiva e univariada (teste qui-quadrado). Resultados: Aprevalência de traumatismos dentários foi de 34,9% em 605 exames clínicos realizados (94,8%). O traumatismodentário estava presente em 279 incisivos permanentes. A necessidade de tratamento restaurador foi observadaem 35,8% dentes (n= 100), sendo que 13,97% deles apresentavam tratamento restaurador (n= 39). O principal fator etiológico foi a queda (49,7%) e a maioria dos escolares relatou que o traumatismo dentário havia ocorrido em casa (48,2%).Conclusão: A necessidade de tratamento restaurador devido ao traumatismo dentário foi elevada e o principal fator etiológico foram as quedas ocorridas em casa.