RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological and apoptotic changes occurring in the rat ipsilateral and contralateral testes, after experimental spermatic cord torsion, and to explore and the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in testicular torsion-detorsion injury. A total of 37 Wistar albino rats were subjected to 720° unilateral spermatic cord torsion for 1, 2 and 4 h, followed by 4-h reperfusion, or else to a sham operation (control group). Histology of the testicle was evaluated using haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and Johnsen's scoring system. Germ cell apoptosis was evaluated via active caspase-3 immunostaining, and PARP expression levels were evaluated via Western blotting. The mean Johnsen's tubular biopsy scores (JTBS) of the ipsilateral testicles were lower for all torsion groups than for the controls (P < 0.05), but the JTBS of the contralateral testicles were only lower in the 4-h torsion group (P < 0.05). The mean apoptosis score (AS) of the ipsilateral and contralateral testicles was significantly higher in the torsion groups than in the sham group. AS increased correlatively with torsion time, in both testicles. The effect of testicular torsion on PARP cleavage was time dependent, with the highest effect observed after 4 h of testicular torsion (P < 0.05). Testicular torsion caused time-dependent histological changes, apoptosis and increases in PARP cleavage. Our results suggest that testicular torsion-detorsion injury caused cell damage and germ cell apoptosis that apparently involved cleavage of PARP. Increased PARP cleavage could, in turn, lead to enhanced apoptosis.
Assuntos
Apoptose/fisiologia , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/metabolismo , Torção do Cordão Espermático/enzimologia , Torção do Cordão Espermático/patologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espermatozoides/patologiaRESUMO
Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) threatens to disrupt most natural habitats and species, including those in coastal settings, where a growing number of studies have identified ALAN impacts. A careful examination of the light properties behind those impacts is important to better understand and manage the effects of this stressor. This study focused on ALAN monochromatic wavelengths and examined which types of light spectra altered the natural activity of two prominent coastal species from the Pacific southeast: the talitroid amphipod Orchestoidea tuberculata and the oniscoid isopod Tylos spinulosus. We compared the natural daylight/night activity of these organisms with the one they exhibit when exposed to five different ALAN wavelengths: lights in the violet, blue, green, amber, and red spectra. Our working hypothesis was that ALAN alters these species' activity at night, but the magnitude of such impact differs depending on light wavelengths. Measurements of activity over 24 h cycles for five consecutive days and in three separate experiments confirmed a natural circadian activity pattern in both species, with strong activity at night (â¼90% of probability) and barely any activity during daylight. However, when exposed to ALAN, activity declined significantly in both species under all light wavelengths. Interestingly, amphipods exhibited moderate activity (â¼40% of probability) when exposed to red lights at night, whereas isopods shifted some of their activity to daylight hours in two of the experiments when exposed to blue or amber lights, suggesting a possible alteration in this species circadian rhythm. Altogether, our results were consistent with our working hypothesis, and suggest that ALAN reduces night activity, and some wavelengths have differential effects on each species. Differences between amphipods and isopods are likely related to their distinct adaptations to natural low-light habitat conditions, and therefore distinct sensitivity to ALAN.
Assuntos
Anfípodes , Isópodes , Luz , Animais , Anfípodes/fisiologia , Isópodes/fisiologia , EcossistemaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la tendencia de la letalidad al año y a 2 años, tiempo de espera de cirugía y estadía hospitalaria en fractura de cadera entre 2002 y 2016. Además, evaluar la correlación entre letalidad a uno y dos años. MÉTODO: Diseño transversal. Fueron incluidos pacientes mayores de 60 años que ingresaron por fractura de cadera entre 2002 y 2016. Se solicitó al Registro Civil reportar si los pacientes estaban con vida al 30 de junio de 2019. La correlación de Spearman fue estimada para determinar la tendencia de la letalidad a uno y dos años, la edad, el tiempo de espera de cirugía, y la estadía hospitalaria durante el periodo estudiado. Además, una regresión linear fue estimada entre letalidad a un año y dos años. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos 961 fracturas de cadera. Se observó una tendencia a la disminución en la letalidad a 1 (rho » -0.23) y 2 años (rho » -0.29), en la proporción de hombres (rho » -0.25), en la estadía hospitalaria (rho » -0.06), y en el tiempo de espera de cirugía (rho » -0.11), sin alcanzar significancia estadística. La letalidad a 1 año fue de 0,17 (intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%]: 0,14 a 0,19), y a 2 años, de 0,26 (IC 95%: 0,23 a 0,29). Se estimó un R2 de 0,60 entre la letalidad a 1 y 2 años. CONCLUSIONES: La letalidad a uno y dos años, el tiempo de espera de cirugía, la edad de presentación, y la estadía hospitalaria no han variado significativamente en el periodo estudiado. Se observa una fuerte correlación entre la letalidad a uno y dos años, lo que sugiere un riesgo constante de mortalidad después de una fractura de cadera.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the trend in 1 and 2 years, the fatality rate, the waiting time for surgery, and the length of hospital stay in a single center between 2002 and 2016. Also, to evaluate the relationship between the one-year and two-year fatality rates. METHODS: A cross-sectional study. Patients older than 60 years of age who were admited due to hip fracture between 2002 and 2016 were included. A request was made to the Chilean National Civil Registry to determine if the patients were alive on June 30, 2019. The Spearman correlation was estimated to determine the trend of the one-year and two-year fatality rates, the age, the type of fracture, and the waiting time for surgery. Also, a linear regression analysis was estimated between the one-year and two-year fatality rates. RESULTS: A total of 961 hip fractures were included. From 2002 to 2016, a downward trend was found in the 1-year (rho » -0.23) and 2-year fatality rates (rho » -0.29), in the proportion of male patients (rho » -0.25), in the length of hospital stay (rho » -0.06), and in the waiting time for surgery (rho » -0.11), not reaching statistical difference. The 1-year fatality rate was of 0,17 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.14 to 0.19) and the 2-year fatality rate was of 0,26 (95%CI: 0.23 to 0.29). An R2 of 0.60 was estimated between the 1-year and 2-year fatality rates. CONCLUSIONS: The one-year and two-year fatality rates, the waiting time for surgery, and the length of hospital stay remained constant during the period analyzed. A strong correlation between the one-year and two-year fatality rates was found, which suggests a constant risk of death after hip fracture.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Fraturas do Quadril/mortalidade , Estudos Transversais , Listas de Espera/mortalidade , Tempo de InternaçãoRESUMO
La violencia asienta, se registra y ejercita en múltiples campos y cabe también en la esfera de la comunicación. El relato que contiene toda información suele pretender imparcialidad. Las orientaciones y las preferencias del autor condimentan las expresiones y les conceden inevitable subjetividad. La intención del emisor suele ser imposible de medir. Puede alentar reflexiones y toma de decisiones más o menos racionales o agitar cuestiones diversas que transfiguran posturas dogmáticas, mágicas o ideológicas. Calificar cualquier argumento exige justipreciar su apoyo racional. Pesa el análisis lógico. Las reiteraciones que apoyan en ciertos ejes permiten presumir las metas perseguidas por el dicente. La evaluación de las expresiones orales y escritas por parte del receptor dependen tanto de la disposición para escuchar como de la capacidad y competencia para analizar lo recibido. Ambas condiciones se relacionan de manera directa con la educación y preparación para el diálogo con que cuente el individuo. La propaganda es una forma de comunicación que emite mensajes que pretenden influir y alterar el juicio del receptor a quien busca someter y dominar. Promueve, oculta, disfraza o destaca facetas en las que priman interpretaciones más o menos sesgadas de parte de quien emite el mensaje. Sustenta conclusiones basadas en selección y omisión deliberada de hechos y promueve respuestas más emocionales que racionales. Así, se convierte en instrumento de poder para librar batallas en esferas ideológicas, políticas, religiosas. Se denomina como publicidad a la propaganda destinada a promover el consumo y las ventas de bienes o servicios. La siguiente ponencia publicada en Memorias de las X Jornadas Nacionales de Investigadores en Comunicación Nro. 10, Año: 2006, corresponde a la presentación efectuada en la Universidad Nacional de San Juan, durante la Jornada Nacional de Investigadores en Comunicación, titulada "Una década de encuentros para (re) pensar los intercambios y consolidar la red". Se la reproduce con permiso de sus autores. Valga la observación sobre violencia, sociedad y medios para plantear el lugar que cabe a cada uno cuando se discute el lugar que se asigna a la víctima y al victimario, cuestión que hoy se encuentra en el candelero