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Introduction: Infections in haemodialysis (HD) patients are an important cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality. Patients undergoing HD are more prone to develop bacterial infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Objectives: This study is aimed to detect MDROs colonization in HD patients and its associated risk factors and outcome. Methodology: A total of 62 nasal swabs and 124 rectal swabs were collected from 62 patients coming to the haemodialysis unit from of March to May 2021 and were further screened for MRSA, VRE and CRE. Results: Out of 62 patients, 22.59% showed the presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while VRE was present in four patients (4/62). CRE was found as 24.2% (15/62). Duration of dialysis was found as a significant risk factor-associated MRSA carriage, Whereas Charlson index and drug and medication were found as significant risk factor for VRE carriage. Discussion & Conclusion: HD patients are particularly vulnerable to life threatening infections. Therefore, continuous epidemiological surveillance for these MDROs, including genotypic analysis and implementation of adequate decolonization strategies, is crucial and will reduce the possibility of autoinfection as well as disrupt transmission of multi-resistant isolates to others.
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Recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO)-associated immunologically driven acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is an underreported, potentially worsening clinical syndrome in the setting of treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Most cases reported in world literature are related to different formulations of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents with an implication in diagnosis and management. This brief review highlights the clinical guidelines of rEPO usage in nephrology practice, the pathophysiologic mechanism of PRCA, clinical features, diagnosis, and suggested management protocols.