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1.
Thorax ; 72(1): 74-82, 2017 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27325752

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Asthma affects 300 million people worldwide. In asthma, the major cause of morbidity and mortality is acute airway narrowing, due to airway smooth muscle (ASM) hypercontraction, associated with airway remodelling. However, little is known about the transcriptional differences between healthy and asthmatic ASM cells. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the transcriptional differences between asthmatic and healthy airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) in culture and investigate the identified targets using in vitro and ex vivo techniques. METHODS: Human asthmatic and healthy ASMC grown in culture were run on Affymetrix_Hugene_1.0_ST microarrays. Identified candidates were confirmed by PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Functional analysis was conducted using in vitro ASMC proliferation, attachment and contraction assays and ex vivo contraction of mouse airways. RESULTS: We suggest a novel role for latrophilin (LPHN) receptors, finding increased expression on ASMC from asthmatics, compared with non-asthmatics in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a role in mediating airway function. A single nucleotide polymorphism in LPHN1 was associated with asthma and with increased LPHN1 expression in lung tissue. When activated, LPHNs regulated ASMC adhesion and proliferation in vitro, and promoted contraction of mouse airways and ASMC. CONCLUSIONS: Given the need for novel inhibitors of airway remodelling and bronchodilators in asthma, the LPHN family may represent promising novel targets for future dual therapeutic intervention.


Assuntos
Asma/genética , Asma/metabolismo , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores de Peptídeos/genética , Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Proteínas de Membrana/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Sistema Respiratório/citologia , Venenos de Aranha/farmacologia , Transcrição Gênica
2.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 18(5): 528-32, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26749529

RESUMO

We assessed the 24-week efficacy and safety of teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that was inadequately controlled with diet and exercise. The present study was designed as a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase III study. Patients (n = 142) were randomized 2 : 1 into two different treatment groups as follows: 99 received teneligliptin (20 mg) and 43 received placebo. The primary endpoint was change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level from baseline to week 24. Teneligliptin significantly reduced the HbA1c level from baseline compared with placebo after 24 weeks. At week 24, the differences between changes in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FBG) in the teneligliptin and placebo groups were -0.94% [least-squares (LS) mean -1.22, -0.65] and -1.21 mmol/l (-1.72, -0.70), respectively (all p < 0.001). The incidence of hypoglycaemia and adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups. This phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study provides evidence of the safety and efficacy of 24 weeks of treatment with teneligliptin as a monotherapy in Korean patients with T2DM.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/uso terapêutico , Hiperglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemia/prevenção & controle , Resistência à Insulina , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Tiazolidinas/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Glicemia/análise , Terapia Combinada/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Dieta para Diabéticos , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Exercício Físico , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Humanos , Hiperglicemia/epidemiologia , Hipoglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Hipoglicemia/epidemiologia , Incidência , Cooperação do Paciente , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Pirazóis/efeitos adversos , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Tiazolidinas/administração & dosagem , Tiazolidinas/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo
3.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 26(12): 1088-1095, 2016 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27776918

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Body composition contributes to the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and glomerular hyperfiltration. In adults with normal body mass index (BMI), the relationships of body composition with CKD and high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed 10,734 adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), whose body mass index (BMI) was within the normal range (18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Body composition was categorized into four phenotypes (normal, sarcopenia alone, obesity alone, and sarcopenic obesity) based on appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and total body fat percentage (TBF%) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We examined the relationship of CKD and high eGFR (eGFR ≥ 120 ml/min per 1.73 m2) with body composition phenotypes. Sarcopenia alone (14.3%), obesity alone (16.0%), and sarcopenic obesity (10.7%) were prevalent. The association between sarcopenia alone and eGFR was J-shaped, while that between sarcopenic obesity and eGFR was U-shaped. In multivariate logistic regression analysis compared with the normal phenotype, sarcopenic obesity had an elevated odds ratio (OR) for CKD (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16-2.19). Sarcopenia alone (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.41-2.47) and sarcopenic obesity (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.68-3.36) had elevated OR for high eGFR. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that decreased muscle mass and coexistence with excess adiposity show associations with CKD and high eGFR even in adults with normal BMI. Body composition measured by DXA could provide information on the relationship of body composition with CKD and high eGFR.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Rim/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Sarcopenia/fisiopatologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adiposidade , Adulto , Idoso , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Fenótipo , Prevalência , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia
4.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 17(6): 599-602, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25580775

RESUMO

We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone and pioglitazone as add-ons to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients who were inadequately controlled by metformin were randomized and treated once daily with either lobeglitazone (0.5 mg, n = 128) or pioglitazone (15 mg, n = 125) for 24 weeks, with a 28-week extension trial of lobeglitazone treatment in patients who consented. The primary endpoint was the change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration from baseline to week 24. At week 24, the mean change from baseline in HbA1c was -0.74% for the lobeglitazone group and -0.74% for the pioglitazone group, with a mean difference of 0.01% [95% confidence interval (CI) of difference, -0.16 to 0.18]. The effects of lobeglitazone on lipid variables and the adverse events associated with lobeglitazone were similar to those observed with pioglitazone. Lobeglitazone was not inferior to pioglitazone as an add-on to metformin in terms of their efficacy and safety.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Tiazolidinedionas/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pioglitazona
5.
Br J Cancer ; 110(2): 278-85, 2014 Jan 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24357798

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In this study, we sought to identify a criterion for the intermediate-risk grouping of patients with cervical cancer who exhibit any intermediate-risk factor after radical hysterectomy. METHODS: In total, 2158 patients with pathologically proven stage IB-IIA cervical cancer with any intermediate-risk factor after radical hysterectomy were randomly assigned to two groups, a development group and a validation group, at a ratio of 3 : 1 (1620 patients:538 patients). To predict recurrence, multivariate models were developed using the development group. The ability of the models to discriminate between groups was validated using the log-rank test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Four factors (histology, tumour size, deep stromal invasion (DSI), and lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI)) were significantly associated with disease recurrence and included in the models. Among the nine possible combinations of the four variables, models consisting of any two of the four intermediate-risk factors (tumour size ≥3 cm, DSI of the outer third of the cervix, LVSI, and adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma histology) demonstrated the best performance for predicting recurrence. CONCLUSION: This study identified a 'four-factor model' in which the presence of any two factors may be useful for predicting recurrence in patients with cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia/efeitos adversos , Histerectomia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , República da Coreia , Risco , Adulto Jovem
6.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 38(9): 1207-12, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24357853

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: C1q/TNF-Related Protein (CTRP) family members are novel adipokines that have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, glucose-regulating and vascular effects. However, the metabolic effects of CTRP9 remain unclear in humans. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to investigate whether serum CTRP9 concentrations are associated with glucose tolerance, metabolic parameters and abdominal fat accumulation. In addition, the authors investigated whether the aforementioned effects of CTRP9 are independent of serum adiponectin levels. METHODS: A total of 221 subjects (140 men and 81 women), 25-72 years of age (mean age 46.0 years), were randomly selected from two different study populations. The normal glucose tolerance group (n=120) was selected from one study population and the prediabetes/type 2 diabetes group (n=101) was selected from the other study population. Serum CTRP9, total adiponectin concentrations and abdominal fat via computed tomography scan were measured in all subjects. RESULTS: Subjects in the lower serum CTRP9 tertile were older, had metabolically unhealthy profiles and had lower serum total adiponectin levels when compared with subjects in the middle or upper serum CTRP9 tertiles. In addition, serum CTRP9 concentration were inversely correlated with age, blood pressure, fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P<0.01) and positively correlated with serum total adiponectin levels (P=0.03). In terms of abdominal fat accumulation, serum CTRP9 concentrations were inversely correlated with visceral fat amount (P<0.01), but no correlation was observed with subcutaneous fat amount. Finally, serum CTRP9 was inversely associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome, independent of age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, total cholesterol, visceral fat and serum total adiponectin concentrations (odds ratio per 1 s.d. 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.70; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Serum CTRP9 concentrations were positively associated with favorable glucose or metabolic phenotypes and absence of metabolic syndrome, independent of serum total adiponectin concentrations.


Assuntos
Adiponectina/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Intolerância à Glucose/sangue , Glicoproteínas/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Obesidade Abdominal/sangue , Estado Pré-Diabético/sangue , Adiposidade , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Jejum , Feminino , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Abdominal/fisiopatologia , Estado Pré-Diabético/fisiopatologia , Fatores Sexuais , Peptídeos e Proteínas Associados a Receptores de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral
7.
Osteoporos Int ; 25(7): 1905-15, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24740476

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: The interaction of habitual Ca and vitamin D intake from preovariectomy to 4 months postovariectomy on bone and Ca metabolism was assessed. Higher Ca intake suppressed net bone turnover, and both nutrients independently benefitted trabecular structure. Habitual intake of adequate Ca and ~50 nmol/L vitamin D status is most beneficial. INTRODUCTION: Dietary strategies to benefit bone are typically tested prior to or after menopause but not through menopause transition. We investigated the interaction of Ca and vitamin D status on Ca absorption, bone remodeling, Ca kinetics, and bone strength as rats transitioned through estrogen deficiency. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were randomized at 8 weeks to 0.2 or 1.0 % Ca and 50, 100, or 1,000 IU (1.25, 2.5, or 25 µg) vitamin D/kg diet (2 × 3 factorial design) and ovariectomized at 12 weeks. Urinary (45)Ca excretion from deep-labeled bone was used to assess net bone turnover weekly. Ca kinetics was performed between 25 and 28 weeks. Rats were killed at 29 weeks. Femoral and tibiae structure (by µCT), dynamic histomorphometry, and bone Ca content were assessed. RESULTS: Mean 25(OH)D for rats on the 50, 100, 1,000 IU vitamin D/kg diet were 32, 54, and 175 nmol/L, respectively. Higher Ca intake ameliorated net bone turnover, reduced fractional Ca absorption and bone resorption, and increased net Ca absorption. Tibial and femoral trabecular structures were enhanced independently by higher Ca and vitamin D intake. Tibial bone width and fracture resistance were enhanced by higher vitamin D intake. Dynamic histomorphometry in the tibia was not affected by either nutrient. A Ca × vitamin D interaction existed in femur length, tibial Ca content, and mass of the soft tissue/extracellular fluid compartment. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate Ca intake and serum 25(OH)D level of 50 nmol/L provided the most benefit for bone health, mostly through independent effects of Ca and vitamin D.


Assuntos
Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Cálcio da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Menopausa/fisiologia , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Remodelação Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Reabsorção Óssea/fisiopatologia , Reabsorção Óssea/prevenção & controle , Radioisótopos de Cálcio , Cálcio da Dieta/farmacocinética , Cálcio da Dieta/farmacologia , Fezes/química , Feminino , Absorção Intestinal/fisiologia , Menopausa/metabolismo , Ovariectomia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Tíbia/fisiologia , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/farmacologia
8.
Diabet Med ; 31(1): 24-30, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23819613

RESUMO

AIMS: While there is thought to be an association between glucose and lipid metabolism, it is largely unknown whether apolipoprotein B and non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes. It is also unknown whether these atherogenic dyslipidaemic profiles have a stronger association with diabetes risk compared with conventional lipid measurements. METHODS: A total of 118 429 subjects without diabetes (70 980 men and 47 449 women), aged 17-90 years (mean age 39.6 years), were enrolled in this study and followed for a mean duration of 3.1 years. RESULTS: Apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol levels showed a strong association with the development of Type 2 diabetes compared with conventional lipid measurements and their ratios [hazard ratio per 1 sd; 1.39 (95% CI 1.37-1.42) and 1.38 (95% CI 1.35-1.40), respectively; both P < 0.001]. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that Type 2 diabetes developed more frequently as apolipoprotein B or non-HDL cholesterol levels increased across quartiles (both P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, both apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol were associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes, independent of other risk factor including age, sex, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, HbA1c , systolic blood pressure and other conventional lipid measurements [hazard ratio per 1 sd; 1.14 (95% CI 1.11-1.18) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.10-1.16), respectively; both P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Atherogenic dyslipidaemia was more strongly associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes than conventional lipid measurements, and this effect was independent of other well-established risk factor for diabetes.


Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas B/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Dislipidemias/sangue , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , Dislipidemias/complicações , Dislipidemias/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo
9.
Lupus ; 23(11): 1207-10, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24972898

RESUMO

Ascites in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients has a variety of etiologies, which usually require different treatment options. Our case was a 22-year-old patient with an unusual combination of ascites, uterine leiomyoma and SLE. The patient presented with painless ascites of an inflammatory nature. However, the ascites was not related to peritonitis and SLE disease activity. The ascites disappeared following laparotomy and tumor resection without additional medication. Gynecologic benign tumors including uterine leiomyoma can be the cause of ascites in SLE patients. Clinicians should be aware of that possibility in case painless ascites occurs in females with SLE.


Assuntos
Ascite/etiologia , Leiomioma/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Uterinas/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Laparotomia , Leiomioma/patologia , Leiomioma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologia , Neoplasias Uterinas/cirurgia , Adulto Jovem
10.
Plant Dis ; 98(9): 1283, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30699651

RESUMO

Glycine max (Soybean) is the most important edible crop in Korea. In Korea, eight viruses have been reported to infect soybean, including Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV), Soybean yellow mottle virus (SYMMV), and Peanut stunt virus (PSV) (1). In 2012, Glycine max were observed in Daegu, South Korea, with mosaic and mottling symptoms on leaves. Samples with virus-like symptoms (n = 151) were collected from Daegu including legume genetic resource field. Virus particles were filamentous rod shaped, average length 760 nm, and were analyzed by RT-PCR using specific primers for several Potyviruses and previously reported viruses infecting soybean. Only two samples showing mosaic and mottling symptoms were identified as Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) based on RT-PCR using primers specific for ClYVV (5'-GTTGGCTTGGTTGACACTGA-3' and 5'-CTTCGATCATGGATGCACA-3'). The sequences of amplified fragments were 97 to 98% similar with ClYVV. ClYVV is a distinct species in the genus Potyvirus and family Potyviridae. ClYVV is transmitted by several species of aphids and by mechanical inoculation (2). ClYVV was first reported on Gentiana scabra, and the disease has never been reported in soybean fields in Korea. The biological properties and full genome sequence of the selected ClYVV isolate of apparent virus symptoms between two samples were analyzed. The ClYVV isolate was inoculated to local lesion plants, re-isolated from local lesions three times, and propagated in Nicotiana benthamiana, and then named ClYVV-Gm. The ClYVV-Gm induced local lesions on inoculated leaves of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc, Tetragonia expansa, and systemic symptoms on upper leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, and N. clevelandii. The ClYVV-Gm caused mosaic and mottling symptoms on Glycine max cv. Kwangan and Phaseolus vulgaris. The genome of ClYVV-Gm was determined to be 9,584 nucleotides in length (GenBank Accession No. KF975894), and it shared 83% to 97% nucleotide identity with the sequences of 27 previously reported ClYVV isolates including Vicia fava and Pisum sativum. Despite low occurrence of ClYVV in Glycine max, ClYVV has a broad host range including tobacco, weed species, and soybean, which can lead to spreading of the virus. Our results indicate that emergence of ClYVV could become a problem to Leguminosae in Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first biological and molecular report of ClYVV infecting Glycine max in Korea. References: (1) Y. H. Lee et al. Korea Soybean Digest 29:7, 2012. (2) T. Sasaya et al. Phytopathology 87:1014, 1997.

11.
Plant Dis ; 98(10): 1450, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30703940

RESUMO

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a herbaceous, perennial plant that has become one of the most widely distributed legumes in the world. It is extensively used in grass-legume pastures, but also has the potential to invade agricultural lands and natural ecosystems. White clover is a well-known natural host for Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), Beet western virus (BWYV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), etc (1). In July 2013, during a survey to determine the presence of different viruses infecting weed plants in South Korea, three white clover leaf samples showing yellow mosaic symptoms were collected from Taean County, South Chungcheong Do Province, South Korea. In order to identify the infecting virus, total RNA from three leaf samples was extracted using the Tri-reagent (MRC Reagent, Inc., OH) as described by the manufacturer, and was applied to the large-scale oligonucleotide (LSON) chip (3), wherein probes specific to a ClYVV isolate produced a positive reaction. All three samples tested were positive for ClYVV. To confirm this result, ClYVV-specific primers were designed using the sequences of four ClYVV isolates from NCBI (GenBank Accession Nos. AF185959, AF203536, DQ333346, and NC003536). Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic white clover samples using Easy-Spin Total RNA Extraction Kit (iNtRon, Daejeon, Korea) and used as template for RT-PCR. The positive control RNA was used from ClYVV GM isolate (KF975894) and negative control RNA used symptomless white clover plants. The ClYVV coat protein (CP) gene was amplified by RT-PCR using the specific primer pairs ClYVV-CP-F / ClYVV-CP-R (5'-CAAGAGCAGCACGATGAG-3' and 5'-CTCGCTCTATAAAGATCAGAT-3'). DNA fragments of the expected size (1,042 bp) were obtained from the white clover Korea isolate (AB930132), and the PCR product was cloned into a T&A cloning vector (RBC Bioscience, Taipei, Taiwan) and sequenced directly in both directions. BLAST analyses of the nucleotide sequence CP gene fragments revealed the highest identity with 98% with other ClYVV isolates (AF203536). To determine the experimental host range of the ClYVV Korea isolate, we inoculated five species (Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. benthamiana, and Trifolium repens) in three families using this isolate. All test plants were mechanically inoculated with 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (Takara, Tokyo, Japan). Each test plant was inoculated nine times and grown in a greenhouse maintained at 27 to 33°C. Necrotic local lesions were produced on inoculated leaves of C. amaranticolor, C. quinoa, and N. clevelandii 4 to 6 days post-inoculation. After 10 to 14 days, C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa showed systemic chlorotic spot symptoms, and N. clevelandii, N. benthamiana, and T. repens showed chlorotic spot, mild mosaic, and mosaic in the upper leaves, respectively. Up to now, in South Korea, ClYVV has been detected in gladiolus (Gladiolus gandavensis) (3) and soybean (Glycine max) (4). ClYVV can be easily transmitted by insect, aphid, or mechanical inoculation and has a host range including tobacco, soybean, etc. The presence of ClYVV could become an important threat to crop production in South Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a ClYVV infection of the white clover plant in South Korea. References: (1) B. L. Denny and P. L. Guy. Australas. Plant Pathol. 38:270, 2009. (2) M. Nam et al. Plant Pathol. J. 30:51, 2014. (3) I. S. Park et al. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 14:74, 1998. (4) J. C. Shin et al. Plant Dis. 98:1283, 2014.

12.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol ; 13(3): 1895-8, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23755615

RESUMO

We investigated the effect of Zn doping on the electronic property of magnetite by using optical spectroscopy. The (Zn(x)Fe(1-x))Fe2O4 (ZFFO) (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5) samples were prepared by PLD technique. The XRD measurement revealed that all the samples have an inverse spinel-type of crystalline structure. The M-H curves indicate that the saturation magnetization reduces with the increasing x. From the spectroscopic ellipsometry and infrared spectroscopy, we found that the doping of nonmagnetic Zn2+ ions leads to the dramatic change in the electronic structure of the ZFFO films. We discuss the correlation of our spectra with the electric and magnetic properties of the ZFFO films.

13.
Diabet Med ; 29(9): 1165-70, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22356423

RESUMO

AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate whether increased apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio is associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of other risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 70,063 subjects (41,391 men and 28,672 women; mean age 41.5 years) who visited the Health Screening Center at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital for a routine medical check-up between January 2009 and December 2009 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: The mean apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio in the study subjects was 0.66 ± 0.18. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes increased across the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio quartiles (1.0%, 1.6%, 2.9%, and 4.8% for the 1st through 4th quartiles, respectively, P < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) also showed an increasing tendency by quartile (P < 0.001). The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio was correlated with age, adiposity, blood pressure, HOMA2-IR value, fasting glucose levels, and other inflammatory marker, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein (a) levels (all P < 0.001). In a multiple logistic regression model, the highest apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio quartile was associated with Type 2 diabetes, even after controlling for other risk factors for diabetes, such as age, gender, BMI, systolic blood pressure, HOMA2-IR values, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, family history of diabetes, presence of metabolic syndrome, and conventional lipid parameters (odds ratio 1.31; 95% confidence interval 1.17-1.46, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio was found to be associated with Type 2 diabetes independent of other risk factors for diabetes and conventional lipid parameters.


Assuntos
Apolipoproteína A-I/sangue , Apolipoproteínas B/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Homeostase/fisiologia , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
14.
Diabet Med ; 29(9): 1184-90, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22332964

RESUMO

AIMS: To determine whether there is a relationship between 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), a marker of postprandial hyperglycaemia and glycaemic variability, and the presence of diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria in patients with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Five hundred and sixty-seven patients with Type 2 diabetes (serum creatinine < 133 µmol/l), who were enrolled in the Seoul Metro-City Diabetes Prevention Program (SMC-DPP), were cross-sectionally assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: After controlling for age, sex, binary HbA(1c) levels, duration of diabetes, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, history of hypertension and dyslipidaemia, and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker medication, the odds ratios (95% CI) of diabetic retinopathy were 2.86 (1.12-7.25) for the first (lowest) quartile of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, 2.87 (1.25-6.61) for the second quartile and 0.88 (0.35-2.22) for the third quartile compared with the fourth quartile (P for trend = 0.010). Conversely, the associations between 1,5-anhydroglucitol and clinical albuminuria were non-significant after adjustment. Subjects with low 1,5-anhydroglucitol (< 10.0 µg/ml) were more likely to experience diabetic retinopathy than those with high 1,5-anhydroglucitol (≥ 10.0 µg/ml) under moderate glucose control (HbA(1c) < 8%, 64 mmol/mol) and there were no significant differences in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy between the subgroup with HbA(1c) < 8% (64 mmol/mol) and low 1,5-anhydroglucitol and the subgroup with HbA(1c) ≥ 8% (64 mmol/mol). CONCLUSIONS: 1,5-Anhydroglucitol levels show close associations with diabetic retinopathy, especially among patients under moderate glucose control, but not with albuminuria. These results suggest that 1,5-anhydroglucitol might be a complementary marker for targeting higher risk group.


Assuntos
Desoxiglucose/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Retinopatia Diabética/sangue , Retinopatia Diabética/epidemiologia , Albuminúria/sangue , Albuminúria/epidemiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , República da Coreia , Fatores de Risco
15.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 22(6): 525-32, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21186114

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) is abundantly expressed in adipocytes and plays a role in glucose homeostasis. We analysed the relationship between serum FABP4 levels and the progression of metabolic syndrome in healthy adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 465 subjects were selected from participants in a medical check-up programme at a Health Promotion Center. Baseline serum FABP4 levels were measured, and the subjects were evaluated for the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the recommendations of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The subjects were re-evaluated 4 years later. Baseline FABP4 concentrations were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than in those without MetS (P<0.001). At the 4-year follow-up, subjects in the highest FABP4 tertile at baseline exhibited higher values for body mass index, fat mass and percent body fat, as well as blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels (all P<0.05). The subjects with higher FABP4 levels had lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations (P<0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, change in percent body fat and baseline values for other metabolic and inflammatory parameters, FABP4 levels at baseline were shown to be strongly associated with the development of MetS by year 4 (odds ratio (OR), 5.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.71-12.23 for highest tertile vs. lowest tertile, P<0.001) CONCLUSION: Baseline serum FABP4 levels appear to be a significant predictor for the future development of MetS, independent of pro-inflammatory cytokines.


Assuntos
Adipócitos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Citocinas/sangue , Jejum , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
16.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol ; 12(7): 5843-6, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22966667

RESUMO

The optical and electronic properties in an InGaP/InGaAIP multiple quantum well (MQW) grown by using molecular-beam epitaxy utilizing the digital alloy technique were investigated through temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements and numerical calculations. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images showed that the sample clearly displayed the InGaP wells and the InGaAIP barriers and separate confinement heterostructure layers. The PL measurements at various temperatures were performed to investigate the interband transitions of the InGaP/InGaAIP MQW. The electronic subband energies and the wavefunctions in the InGaP/InGaAIP MQW at several temperatures were determined by using a finite element method employing the standard 8-band k x p Lagrangian. The numerical results for optical interband transition energies from the ground state electron subband to the ground state heavy-hole subband of the InGaP/InGaAIP MQW at various temperatures were in reasonable agreement with the excitonic transition energies observed in the PL measurements.

17.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 106(26): 10632-7, 2009 Jun 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19520830

RESUMO

Mechanical robustness of the cell under different modes of stress and deformation is essential to its survival and function. Under tension, mechanical rigidity is provided by the cytoskeletal network; with increasing stress, this network stiffens, providing increased resistance to deformation. However, a cell must also resist compression, which will inevitably occur whenever cell volume is decreased during such biologically important processes as anhydrobiosis and apoptosis. Under compression, individual filaments can buckle, thereby reducing the stiffness and weakening the cytoskeletal network. However, the intracellular space is crowded with macromolecules and organelles that can resist compression. A simple picture describing their behavior is that of colloidal particles; colloids exhibit a sharp increase in viscosity with increasing volume fraction, ultimately undergoing a glass transition and becoming a solid. We investigate the consequences of these 2 competing effects and show that as a cell is compressed by hyperosmotic stress it becomes progressively more rigid. Although this stiffening behavior depends somewhat on cell type, starting conditions, molecular motors, and cytoskeletal contributions, its dependence on solid volume fraction is exponential in every instance. This universal behavior suggests that compression-induced weakening of the network is overwhelmed by crowding-induced stiffening of the cytoplasm. We also show that compression dramatically slows intracellular relaxation processes. The increase in stiffness, combined with the slowing of relaxation processes, is reminiscent of a glass transition of colloidal suspensions, but only when comprised of deformable particles. Our work provides a means to probe the physical nature of the cytoplasm under compression, and leads to results that are universal across cell type.


Assuntos
Tamanho Celular , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Células Eucarióticas/citologia , Óculos , Actinas/metabolismo , Algoritmos , Animais , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Coloides , Citocalasina D/farmacologia , Citoplasma/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoesqueleto/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Células Eucarióticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Eucarióticas/metabolismo , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Humanos , Soluções Hipertônicas/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Pressão Osmótica , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacologia , Ovinos , Estresse Mecânico , Tiazolidinas/farmacologia
18.
Eur J Neurol ; 18(1): 158-64, 2011 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20550564

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: in this prospective study, we evaluated mutual relationships amongst microbleeds, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and neurological deterioration in patients with their first acute lacunar stroke. METHODS: based on diffusion-weighted image findings, we recruited 206 patients with their first acute lacunar stroke. Those without a MRI scan were excluded. Small (a maximum lesion diameter of 15 mm) areas of subcortical gray and white matter with increased signals were considered as lacunar infarctions. GRE images were obtained within 24 h of the onset of stroke symptoms. Venous blood was sampled at base line (within 24 h). Clinical, biochemical, rheological and inflammatory parameters, neurological scales and free, active MMP-9 levels were compared between patients with and without microbleeds. Neurological deterioration was defined as an increase in more than two points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score baseline 14 days after the onset of lacunar stroke. RESULTS: of the patients, 79 (38.3%) had microbleeds and 48 (23.3%) showed neurological deterioration. Free, active MMP-9 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly increased amongst patients with microbleeds (P < 0.001 and P = 0.047, respectively). Existence of microbleeds (RR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.25-3.83) and increased free, active MMP-9 (RR = 1.10 per 10 ng/ml, 95% CI = 1.03-1.19) were identified as independent risk factors for neurological deterioration after adjusting for potential confounders. DISCUSSION: ncreased levels of active MMP-9 and the existence of microbleeds might be useful in predicting the deterioration following an initial acute lacunar stroke.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Hemorragia Cerebral/complicações , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/sangue , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/sangue , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Hemorragia Cerebral/sangue , Hemorragia Cerebral/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia
19.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol ; 11(5): 4328-32, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21780451

RESUMO

In-situ synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy have been used to investigate the initial stages of Al2O3 growth on a Si(001) substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The core level spectra of Si 2p, O 1s, and Al 2p as well as the valence band spectra were measured at every half reaction in the trimethylaluminum (TMA)-H2O ALD process. The line shape changes and binding energy shifts of the core level spectra reveal that Al2O3 is predominantly formed with a small amount of Si oxide in the initial stages without the formation of Al silicate. All core level spectra were alternately shifted toward higher and lower binding energies sides at every half ALD reaction. This can be explained by the band bending effect induced by different chemical species on the surface during the TMA-H2O ALD reaction. The valence band spectra showed that four cycles of ALD reactions were necessary to complete the electronic structure of the Al2O3 film with a valence band offset of 3.73 eV.

20.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 12(10): 876-82, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20920040

RESUMO

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a newly developed formulation of phentermine diffuse-controlled release (DCR) in patients with obesity. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 12 weeks of treatment with phentermine DCR 30 mg (n = 37) or placebo (n = 37), administered once daily in patients with obesity with controlled diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia. The efficacy was evaluated by changes in body weight and waist circumference from baseline at 12 weeks and also changes in metabolic parameters, including lipid profiles and blood pressure. RESULTS: The participants in the phentermine DCR group showed significant reductions in body weight (-8.1 ± 3.9 vs. -1.7 ± 2.9 kg, p < 0.001) and waist circumference (7.2 ± 0.5 vs. 2.1 ± 0.6 cm, p < 0.001) compared with those in the placebo group. Weight reductions of 5% or greater from the baseline (95.8 vs. 20.8%, p < 0.001) and 10% or more (62.5 vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001) were achieved in the DCR phentermine group and placebo group, respectively. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly improved in the phentermine DCR group. However, there were no significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the groups. Dry mouth and insomnia were the most common adverse events, but these were mild to moderate and transient. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term phentermine DCR treatment resulted in significant reduction in weight and improvement of metabolic parameters, including waist circumference and some lipid profiles, without clinically severe adverse events. Further study is needed to show long-term efficacy and safety of phentermine DCR in Korean patients with obesity.


Assuntos
Depressores do Apetite/uso terapêutico , Preparações de Ação Retardada/uso terapêutico , Angiopatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Fentermina/uso terapêutico , Redução de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Resultado do Tratamento
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