Bladder cancer in Spain 2011: population based study.

PURPOSE: We estimate the annual incidence of bladder cancer in Spain and describe the clinical profile of patients with bladder cancer enrolled in a population based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the structure of the Spanish National Health System as a basis, in 2011 the AEU (Spanish Association of Urology) conducted this study with a representative sample from 26 public hospitals and a reference population of 10,146,534 inhabitants, comprising 21.5% of the Spanish population. RESULTS: A total of 4,285 episodes of bladder cancer were diagnosed, of which 2,476 (57.8%) were new cases and 1,809 (42.2%) were cases of recurrence, representing an estimated 11,539 new diagnoses annually in Spain. The incidence of bladder cancer in Spain, age adjusted to the standard European population, was 20.08 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI 13.9, 26.3). Of patients diagnosed with a first episode of bladder cancer 84.3% were male, generally older than 59 years (81.7%) with a mean ± SD age of 70.5 ± 11.4 years. Of these patients 87.5% presented with some type of clinical symptom, with macroscopic hematuria (90.8%) being the most commonly detected. The majority of primary tumors were nonmuscle invasive (76.7%) but included a high proportion of high grade tumors (43.7%). According to the ISUP (International Society of Urologic Pathology)/WHO (2004) classification 51.1% was papillary high grade carcinoma. Carcinoma in situ was found in 2.2% of primary and 5.8% of recurrent cases. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of bladder cancer in Spain, age adjusted to the standard European population, confirms that Spain has one of the highest incidences in Europe. Most primary nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer corresponded to high risk patients but with a low detected incidence of carcinoma in situ.

[Prostatic blue nevus. Terminology standardization of prostatic pigmented lesions]. / Nevus azul prostático. Unificación terminológica de las lesiones pigmentarias prostáticas.

We expose a new case of prostatic blue nevus. The existing confusion in the terminology of the prostate pigmentarias injuries in reviewed literature is commented and we concluded, based on the opinion of most of authors, with a possible unification of creteries the same ones.

[Percutaneous treatment of renal transplant complications]. / Tratamiento percutáneo de las complicaciones en el trasplante renal.

The use of percutaneous endourological techniques in urological complications of renal transplantation has dropped the morbidity/mortality index. These techniques, especially percutaneous nephrostomy, allow us a renal drainage route, thereby improving the recipient's clinical situation and that of the transplant as well. Also, it will allow us access to other therapeutic means such as: introducing catheters, probes for dilating stenosis, and a means of approach to percutaneous nephrolithectomy. Perirenal collections (hematoma, lymphocele, abscess) can be resolved percutaneously to a large extent, without having to resort to surgery. It was observed from the 38 percutaneous endourological procedures performed that in many cases this was the definitive treatment, and in most cases allowed us to place the patient in an acceptable surgical condition. Therefore, we may conclude by stating that percutaneous endourological techniques have proven to be effective alternatives to immediate surgical reintervention, and that they should be used when faced with any urological complication of renal transplantation.