RESUMO
N-substituted azaindoles were discovered as potent pan-PIM inhibitors. Lead optimization, guided by structure and focused on physico-chemical properties allowed us to solve inherent hERG and permeability liabilities, and provided compound 27, which subsequently impacted KG-1 tumor growth in a mouse model.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Compostos Aza/farmacologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Compostos Aza/síntese química , Compostos Aza/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Indóis/síntese química , Indóis/metabolismo , Camundongos , Piperidinas/síntese química , Piperidinas/metabolismo , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Ligação Proteica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/metabolismo , Pirrolidinas/síntese química , Pirrolidinas/metabolismo , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Estereoisomerismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The ß-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is one of the most hotly pursued targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We used a structure- and property-based drug design approach to identify 2-aminooxazoline 3-azaxanthenes as potent BACE1 inhibitors which significantly reduced CSF and brain Aß levels in a rat pharmacodynamic model. Compared to the initial lead 2, compound 28 exhibited reduced potential for QTc prolongation in a non-human primate cardiovascular safety model.
Assuntos
Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Xantenos/química , Xantenos/farmacologia , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Inibidores de Proteases/síntese química , Ratos , Xantenos/síntese químicaRESUMO
We describe a systematic study of how macrocyclization in the P1-P3 region of hydroxyethylamine-based inhibitors of ß-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE1) modulates in vitro activity. This study reveals that in a number of instances macrocyclization of bis-terminal dienes leads to improved potency toward BACE1 and selectivity against cathepsin D (CatD), as well as greater amyloid ß-peptide (Aß)-lowering activity in HEK293T cells stably expressing APPSW. However, for several closely related analogs the benefits of macrocyclization are attenuated by the effects of other structural features in different regions of the molecules. X-ray crystal structures of three of these novel macrocyclic inhibitors bound to BACE1 revealed their binding conformations and interactions with the enzyme.
Assuntos
Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Etilaminas/química , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Catepsina D/metabolismo , Cristalografia por Raios X , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Compostos Macrocíclicos/síntese química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de ProteínaRESUMO
Herein we describe a general three-step synthesis of 4-substituted chlorophthalazines in good overall yields. In the key step, N,N-dimethylaminophthalimide (8a) directs the selective monoaddition of alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl organometallic reagents to afford 3-substituted 3-hydroxyisoindolinones 9b, 9i-9am. Many of these hydroxyisoindolinones are converted to chlorophthalazines 1b-1v via reaction with hydrazine, followed by chlorination with POCl(3). We have also discovered two novel transformations of 3-vinyl- and 3-alkynyl-3-hydroxyisoindolinones. Addition of vinyl organometallic reagents to N,N-dimethylaminophthalimide (8a) provided dihydrobenzoazepinediones 15a-15c via the proposed ring expansion of 3-vinyl-3-hydroxyisoindolinone intermediates. 3-Alkynyl-3-hydroxyisoindolinones react with hydrazine and substituted hydrazines to afford 2-pyrazolyl benzoic acids 16a-16d and 2-pyrazolyl benzohydrazides 17a-17g rather than the expected alkynyl phthalazinones.
Assuntos
Benzoatos/química , Benzoatos/síntese química , Hidrazinas/química , Hidrazinas/síntese química , Isoindóis/química , Isoindóis/síntese química , Ftalazinas/química , Ftalazinas/síntese química , Ftalimidas/química , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/síntese química , Catálise , Halogenação , Estrutura Molecular , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
The synthesis and SAR of a series of BACE-1 hydroxyethyl amine inhibitors containing substitutions on a spirocyclobutyl moiety is described. Selectivity against cathepsin D, a related aspartyl protease with potential off target toxicity, and improved microsomal stability is exemplified.
Assuntos
Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/antagonistas & inibidores , Etilaminas/química , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Domínio Catalítico , Catepsina D/antagonistas & inibidores , Catepsina D/metabolismo , Simulação por Computador , Etilaminas/síntese química , Etilaminas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteases/uso terapêutico , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Screening of the Amgen compound library led to the identification of 2-phenylamino-6-cyano-1H-benzimidazole 1a as a potent CK1 gamma inhibitor with excellent kinase selectivity and unprecedented CK1 isoform selectivity. Further structure-based optimization of this series resulted in the discovery of 1h which possessed good enzymatic and cellular potency, excellent CK1 isoform and kinase selectivity, and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.
Assuntos
Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Caseína Quinase I/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Animais , Benzimidazóis/farmacocinética , Sítios de Ligação , Caseína Quinase I/química , Caseína Quinase I/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Isoformas de Proteínas/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMO
Clinical genetic data have shown that the product of the SCN9A gene, voltage-gated sodium ion channel Nav1.7, is a key control point for pain perception and a possible target for a next generation of analgesics. Sodium channels, however, historically have been difficult drug targets, and many of the existing structure-activity relationships (SAR) have been defined on pharmacologically modified channels with indirect reporter assays. Herein we describe the discovery, optimization, and SAR of potent aminopyrimidinone Nav1.7 antagonists using electrophysiology-based assays that measure the ligand-receptor interaction directly. Within this series, rapid functionalization at the polysubstituted aminopyrimidinone head group enabled exploration of SAR and of pharmacokinetic properties. Lead optimized N-Me-aminopyrimidinone 9 exhibited improved Nav1.7 potency, minimal off-target hERG liability, and improved rat PK properties.
Assuntos
Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Canais de Sódio/metabolismo , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Ligantes , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Canal de Sódio Disparado por Voltagem NAV1.7 , Pirimidinonas/síntese química , Pirimidinonas/química , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of alpha-amidosulfones were found to be potent and selective agonists of CB(2). The discovery, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of this series of agonists are reported. In addition, the pharmacokinetic properties of the most promising compounds are profiled.
Assuntos
Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/agonistas , Sulfonas/química , Amidas/química , Amidas/farmacologia , Animais , Humanos , Microssomos Hepáticos , Farmacocinética , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Selective small molecule inhibitors of Tie-2 kinase are important tools for the validation of Tie-2 signaling in pathological angiogenesis. Reported herein is the optimization of a nonselective scaffold into a potent and highly selective inhibitor of Tie-2 kinase.
Assuntos
Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptor TIE-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Benzimidazóis/administração & dosagem , Benzimidazóis/química , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cristalografia por Raios X , Células HeLa , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/químicaRESUMO
Angiogenesis is vital for solid tumor growth, and its prevention is a proven strategy for the treatment of disease states such as cancer. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway provides several opportunities by which small molecules can act as inhibitors of endothelial proliferation and migration. Critical to these processes is signaling through VEGFR-2 or the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) upon stimulation by its ligand VEGF. Herein, we report the discovery of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazines as inhibitors of intrinsic KDR activity (IC 50 < 0.1 microM) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation with IC 50 < 0.1 microM. More specifically, compound 16 was identified as a potent (KDR: < 1 nM and HUVEC: 4 nM) and selective inhibitor that exhibited efficacy in angiogenic in vivo models. In addition, this series of molecules is typically well-absorbed orally, further demonstrating the 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazine moiety as a promising platform for generating kinase-based antiangiogenic therapeutic agents.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/administração & dosagem , Benzoxazinas/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias/irrigação sanguínea , Neovascularização Patológica/prevenção & controle , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Inibidores da Angiogênese/síntese química , Inibidores da Angiogênese/química , Animais , Benzoxazinas/síntese química , Benzoxazinas/química , Disponibilidade Biológica , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neovascularização da Córnea/sangue , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Subcutâneas , Ligantes , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Animais , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
We have previously shown N-arylnaphthamides can be potent inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs). N-Alkyl and N-unsubstituted naphthamides were prepared and found to yield nanomolar inhibitors of VEGFR-2 (KDR) with an improved selectivity profile against a panel of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. The inhibitory activity of this series was retained at the cellular level. Naphthamides 3, 20, and 22 exhibited good pharmacokinetics following oral dosing and showed potent inhibition of VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the rat corneal model. Once-daily oral administration of 22 for 14 days led to 85% inhibition of established HT29 colon cancer and Calu-6 lung cancer xenografts at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neovascularização da Córnea/sangue , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desenho de Fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Naftalenos/síntese química , Naftalenos/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of naphthyl-based compounds were synthesized as potential inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors. Investigations of structure-activity relationships led to the identification of a series of naphthamides that are potent inhibitors of the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase family. Numerous analogues demonstrated low nanomolar inhibition of VEGF-dependent human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, and of these several compounds possessed favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. In particular, compound 48 demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy against established HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma xenografts implanted in athymic mice. A full account of the preparation, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetic properties, and pharmacology of analogues within this series is presented.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neovascularização da Córnea/sangue , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desenho de Fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Naftalenos/síntese química , Naftalenos/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Lck, or lymphocyte specific kinase, is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T-cells and NK cells. Genetic evidence from knockout mice and human mutations demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for T-cell receptor-mediated signaling, leading to normal T-cell development and activation. A small molecule inhibitor of Lck is expected to be useful in the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and/or organ transplant rejection. In this paper, we describe the structure-guided design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological characterization of 2-amino-6-phenylpyrimido[5',4':5,6]pyrimido[1,2- a]benzimidazol-5(6 H)-ones, a new class of compounds that are potent inhibitors of Lck. The most promising compound of this series, 6-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-((4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimido[5',4':5,6]pyrimido-[1,2- a]benzimidazol-5(6 H)-one ( 25), exhibits potent inhibition of Lck kinase activity. This activity translates into inhibition of in vitro cell-based assays and in vivo models of T-cell activation and arthritis, respectively.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Artrite/tratamento farmacológico , Benzimidazóis/síntese química , Proteína Tirosina Quinase p56(lck) Linfócito-Específica/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Pirimidinonas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Cristalografia por Raios X , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Desenho de Fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Injeções Intradérmicas , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Pirimidinonas/química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos Lew , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
The lymphocyte-specific kinase (Lck), a member of the Src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Genetic evidence, including knockout mice and human mutations, demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for normal T cell development, activation, and signaling. Selective inhibition of Lck is expected to offer a new therapy for the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disease. With the aid of X-ray structure-based analysis, aminopyrimidine amides 2 and 3 were designed from aminoquinazolines 1, which had previously been demonstrated to exhibit potent inhibition of Lck and T cell proliferation. In this report, we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of novel aminopyrimidine amides 3 possessing improved cellular potency and selectivity profiles relative to their aminoquinazoline predecessors 1. Orally bioavailable compound 13b inhibited the anti-CD3-induced production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in mice in a dose-dependent manner (ED 50 = 9.4 mg/kg).
Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Proteína Tirosina Quinase p56(lck) Linfócito-Específica/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/química , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desenho de Fármacos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Knockout , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
A novel class of potent and selective inhibitors of KDR incorporating an indazole moiety 1 is reported. The discovery, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of this series of inhibitors have been investigated. The most promising compounds were also profiled to determine their pharmacokinetic properties and evaluated in a VEGF-induced vascular permeability assay.
Assuntos
Indazóis/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cristalografia por Raios X , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Indazóis/síntese química , Indazóis/química , Indazóis/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Ligação Proteica/fisiologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/classificação , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
N-3-(Phenylcarbamoyl)arylpyrimidine-5-carboxamides are a novel class of selective Lck inhibitors. This series of compounds derives its selectivity from a hydrogen bond with the gatekeeper Thr316 of the enzyme. X-ray co-crystal structural data, structure-activity relationships, and the synthesis of these inhibitors are reported herein.
Assuntos
Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/farmacologia , Proteína Tirosina Quinase p56(lck) Linfócito-Específica/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Amidas/química , Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Cristalografia por Raios X , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Pirimidinas/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Treonina/químicaRESUMO
Structural modifications to the central portion of the N-arylamide oxadiazole scaffold led to the identification of N-arylpiperidine oxadiazoles as conformationally constrained analogs that offered improved stability and comparable potency and selectivity. The simple, modular scaffold allowed for the use of expeditious and divergent synthetic routes, which provided two-directional SAR in parallel. Several potent and selective agonists from this novel ligand class are described.
Assuntos
Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Oxidiazóis , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/agonistas , Animais , Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Humanos , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Oxidiazóis/síntese química , Oxidiazóis/química , Oxidiazóis/farmacocinética , Oxidiazóis/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway has become a valuable approach in the treatment of cancers. Guided by X-ray crystallography and molecular modeling, a series of 2-aminobenzimidazoles and 2-aminobenzoxazoles were identified as potent inhibitors of VEGFR-2 (KDR) in both enzymatic and HUVEC cellular proliferation assays. In this report we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of 2-aminobenzimidazoles and benzoxazoles, culminating in the identification of benzoxazole 22 as a potent and selective VEGFR-2 inhibitor displaying a good pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 22 demonstrated efficacy in both the murine matrigel model for vascular permeability (79% inhibition observed at 100 mg/kg) and the rat corneal angiogenesis model (ED(50) = 16.3 mg/kg).
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/síntese química , Benzimidazóis/síntese química , Benzoxazóis/síntese química , Piridinas/síntese química , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacocinética , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Animais , Benzimidazóis/farmacocinética , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Benzoxazóis/farmacocinética , Benzoxazóis/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Córnea/irrigação sanguínea , Córnea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Desenho de Fármacos , Células Endoteliais/citologia , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Veias Umbilicais/citologia , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/químicaRESUMO
Inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising and clinically validated approach for limiting tumor growth and survival. The receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2 is expressed almost exclusively in the vascular endothelium and is required for developmental angiogenesis and vessel maturation. However, the significance of Tie-2 signaling in tumor angiogenesis is not well understood. In order to evaluate the therapeutic utility of inhibiting Tie-2 signaling, we developed a series of potent and orally bioavailable small molecule Tie-2 kinase inhibitors with selectivity over other kinases, especially those that are believed to be important for tumor angiogenesis. Our earlier work provided pyridinyl pyrimidine 6 as a potent, nonselective Tie-2 inhibitor that was designed on the basis of X-ray cocrystal structures of KDR inhibitors 34 (triazine) and 35 (nicotinamide). Lead optimization resulted in pyridinyl triazine 63, which exhibited >30-fold selectivity over a panel of kinases, good oral exposure, and in vivo inhibition of Tie-2 phosphorylation.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/síntese química , Benzamidas/síntese química , Piridinas/síntese química , Receptor TIE-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Triazinas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacocinética , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Animais , Benzamidas/farmacocinética , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Cristalografia por Raios X , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Fosforilação , Ligação Proteica , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor TIE-2/química , Receptor TIE-2/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triazinas/farmacocinética , Triazinas/farmacologia , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The recognition that aberrant angiogenesis contributes to the pathology of inflammatory diseases, cancer, and myocardial ischemia has generated considerable interest in the molecular mechanisms that regulate blood vessel growth. The receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2 is expressed primarily by vascular endothelial cells and is critical for embryonic vasculogenesis. Interference with the Tie-2 pathway by diverse blocking agents such as soluble Tie-2 receptors, anti-Tie-2 intrabodies, anti-Ang-2 antibodies, and peptide-Fc conjugates has been shown to suppress tumor growth in xenograft studies. An alternative strategy for interfering with the Tie-2 signaling pathway involves direct inhibition of the kinase functions of the Tie-2 receptor. Herein we describe the development of alkynylpyrimidine amide derivatives as potent, selective, and orally available ATP-competitive inhibitors of Tie-2 autophosphorylation.