Zirconium Hydride Catalysis Initiated by Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride.

In our drug discovery campaigns to target the oncogenic drivers of cancers, the demand for a chemoselective, stereoselective and economical synthesis of chiral benzylamines drove the development of a catalytic zirconium hydride reduction. This methodology uses the inexpensive, bench stable zirconocene dichloride, and a novel tetrabutylammonium fluoride activation tactic to catalytically generate a metal hydride under ambient conditions. The diastereo- and chemoselectivity of this reaction was tested with the preparation of key intermediates from our discovery programs and in the scope of sulfinyl ketimines and carbonyls relevant to medicinal chemistry and natural product synthesis. A preliminary mechanistic investigation conducted into the role of tetrabutylammonium fluoride indicates that formation of a zirconocene fluoride occurs to initiate catalysis. The implications of this convenient activation approach may provide expanded roles for zirconium hydrides in catalytic transformations.

Stereoselective Amine Synthesis Mediated by a Zirconocene Hydride to Accelerate a Drug Discovery Program.

Chiral amine synthesis remains a significant challenge in accelerating the design cycle of drug discovery programs. A zirconium hydride, due to its high oxophilicity and lower reactivity, gave highly chemo- and stereoselective reductions of sulfinyl ketimines. The development of this zirconocene-mediated reduction helped to accelerate our drug discovery efforts and is applicable to several motifs commonly used in medicinal chemistry. Computational investigation supported a cyclic half-chair transition state to rationalize the high selectivity in benzyl systems.

Discovery of Five SOS2 Fragment Hits with Binding Modes Determined by SOS2 X-Ray Cocrystallography.

SOS1 and SOS2 are guanine nucleotide exchange factors that mediate RTK-stimulated RAS activation. Selective SOS1:KRAS PPI inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation, whereas there are no reports to date of SOS2:KRAS PPI inhibitors. SOS2 activity is implicated in MAPK rebound when divergent SOS1 mutant cell lines are treated with the SOS1 inhibitor BI-3406; therefore, SOS2:KRAS inhibitors are of therapeutic interest. In this report, we detail a fragment-based screening strategy to identify X-ray cocrystal structures of five diverse fragment hits bound to SOS2.

Discovery of Pyridopyrimidinones that Selectively Inhibit the H1047R PI3Kα Mutant Protein.

The H1047R mutation of PIK3CA is highly prevalent in breast cancers and other solid tumors. Selectively targeting PI3KαH1047R over PI3KαWT is crucial due to the role that PI3KαWT plays in normal cellular processes, including glucose homeostasis. Currently, only one PI3KαH1047R-selective inhibitor has progressed into clinical trials, while three pan mutant (H1047R, H1047L, H1047Y, E542K, and E545K) selective PI3Kα inhibitors have also reached the clinical stage. Herein, we report the design and discovery of a series of pyridopyrimidinones that inhibit PI3KαH1047R with high selectivity over PI3KαWT, resulting in the discovery of compound 17. When dosed in the HCC1954 tumor model in mice, 17 provided tumor regressions and a clear pharmacodynamic response. X-ray cocrystal structures from several PI3Kα inhibitors were obtained, revealing three distinct binding modes within PI3KαH1047R including a previously reported cryptic pocket in the C-terminus of the kinase domain wherein we observe a ligand-induced interaction with Arg1047.