Identification and analysis of short open reading frame-encoded peptides in different regions of mouse brain.

Short open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEPs) are generally 2-100 amino acids in length and participate in various biological processes of the organism. The brain is the central hub of life activities, where different regions perform distinct functions. To characterize SEPs in brain regions, we analyzed SEPs in five mouse brain areas, including hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, occipital cortex, and parietal cortex, with mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We obtained 1,095 proteins with less than 100 amino acids and identified 373 SEPs. Approximately 83% of these SEPs are reported for the first time. Half of them are encoded by ncRNA, and nearly one-third can find orthology across species. Specific SEPs were identified in each brain region. For example, IP_1018875 was identified in the frontal cortex, possibly related to autophagy and neuronal signaling. These results enrich the proteome of the mouse brain and help facilitate subsequent studies on the function of SEPs.

Analysis of Shear Model for Steel-Fiber-Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Corbels with Welded-Anchorage Longitudinal Reinforcement.

According to the shear capacity test results of six steel-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete (SFHSC) corbels with welded-anchorage longitudinal reinforcement under concentrated load, the effects of shear span ratio and steel fiber volume fraction on the failure mode, cracking load and ultimate load of corbel specimens were analyzed. On the basis of experimental research, the shear transfer mechanism of corbel structure was discussed. Then, a modified softened strut-and-tie model (MSSTM), composed of the diagonal and horizontal mechanisms, was proposed, for steel-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete corbels. The contributions of concrete, steel fiber and horizontal stirrups to the shear bearing capacity of the corbels were clarified. A calculation method for the shear bearing capacity of steel-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete corbels was established and was simplified on this basis. The calculation results of the model were compared with the test values and calculation results of the GB50010-2010 code, the ACI318-19 code, the EN 1992-1-1 code and the CSA A23.3-19 code. The results showed that the concrete corbel with small shear span ratio mainly has two typical failure modes: shear failure and diagonal compression failure. With the increase in shear span ratio, the shear capacity of corbels decreases. Steel fiber can improve the ductility of a reinforced concrete corbel, but has little effect on the failure mode of the diagonal section. The calculated values of the national codes were lower than the experimental values, and the results were conservative. The theoretical calculation values of the shear capacity calculation model of the corbels were close to the experimental results. In addition, the model has a clear mechanical concept considering the tensile properties of steel-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete and the influence of horizontal stirrups, which can reasonably reflect the shear transfer mechanism of corbels.