RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Fluid overload is a clinical problem frequently related to cardiac and renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate fluid overload and changes in serum creatinine as predictors of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Patients submitted to heart surgery were prospectively enrolled in this study from September 2010 through August 2011. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from each patient at preoperative and trans-operative moments and fluid overload and creatinine levels were recorded daily after cardiac surgery during their ICU stay. Fluid overload was calculated according to the following formula: (Sum of daily fluid received (L)--total amount of fluid eliminated (L)/preoperative weight (kg) × 100). Preoperative demographic and risk indicators, intra-operative parameters and postoperative information were obtained from medical records. Patients were monitored from surgery until death or discharge from the ICU. We also evaluated the survival status at discharge from the ICU and the length of ICU stay (days) of each patient. RESULTS: A total of 502 patients were enrolled in this study. Both fluid overload and changes in serum creatinine correlated with mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.59; confidence interval (CI): 95% 1.18 to 2.14, P = 0.002 and OR 2.91; CI: 95% 1.92 to 4.40, P <0.001, respectively). Fluid overload played a more important role in the length of intensive care stay than changes in serum creatinine. Fluid overload (%): b coefficient = 0.17; beta coefficient = 0.55, P <0.001); change in creatinine (mg/dL): b coefficient = 0.01; beta coefficient = 0.11, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Although both fluid overload and changes in serum creatinine are prognostic markers after cardiac surgery, it seems that progressive fluid overload may be an earlier and more sensitive marker of renal dysfunction affecting heart function and, as such, it would allow earlier intervention and more effective control in post cardiac surgery patients.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/tendências , Creatinina/sangue , Cuidados Críticos/tendências , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/tendências , Tempo de Internação/tendências , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Abstract Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery has great clinical and economic implications. Many attempts have been made to identify risk factors aiming at a better evaluation of prophylactic treatment strategies. Objective: To perform an internal validation of a risk score for POAF. Methods: A prospective cohort of 1,054 patients who underwent myocardial revascularization and/or valve surgery was included. The risk score model was developed in 448 patients, and its performance was tested in the remaining 606 patients. Variables with a significance level of 5% in the cohort were included and subjected to a multiple logistic regression model with backward selection. Performance statistics was performed using the c-statistic, the chi-square and the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) goodness-of-fit, Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Four variables were considered predictors of outcome: age (≥ 70 years), mitral valve disease, the non-use or discontinuation of beta-blockers and a positive water balance (> 1,500 mL). The ROC curve was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.79). The risk model showed a good ability according to the performance statistics - HL test x(2) = 0.93; p = 0.983 and r = 0.99 (Pearson's coefficient). There was an increase in the frequency of POAF with the increase of the score: very low risk = 0.0%; low risk = 3.9%; intermediate risk = 10.9%; and high risk = 60.0%; p < 0.0001. Conclusion: The predictive variables of POAF allowed us to construct a simplified risk score. This scoring system showed good accuracy and can be used in routine clinical practice.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Fibrilação Atrial/prevenção & controle , Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Revascularização Miocárdica/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Assistência Perioperatória , Fatores de Risco de Doenças CardíacasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of atrial fibrillation in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery, its impact on morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay, and to analyze the risk factors in the pre, trans, and postoperative periods. METHOD: Contemporary cohort study with 158 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, of whom those with atrial fibrillation in the preoperative period were excluded. The patients were assessed with continuous cardiac monitoring and daily electrocardiograms. Any episode of irregular rhythm with the presence of f waves of variable morphology and amplitude was considered atrial fibrillation. RESULTS: The general incidence of atrial fibrillation was 28.5%, being 21.6% for revascularized patients and 44.3% for those undergoing valvular repair. Factors independently associated with atrial fibrillation were left heart failure in the preoperative period (p=0.05; RC=2.2), total fluid balance (p=0.01; RC=1.0), duration of surgery (p=0.03; RC=1.01) [and other associated factors, age > 70 years, aortic valvular disease, psychomotor agitation, length of installation of the drains, pulmonary congestion and respiratory insufficiency in the postoperative period]. The use of beta-blockers (p=0.01; RC=0.3) was a protective factor. Atrial fibrillation in the postoperative period was associated with an increase in the length of hospital stay (16.9+/-12.3 days versus 9.2+/-4.0 days, p<0.001) and a greater incidence of stroke or postoperative death (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The incidence of atrial fibrillation in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery was high and caused a significant increase in morbidity, mortality, and the length of hospital stay. Among the independent risk factors, excessive fluid balance is significant. The use of beta-blockers was identified as a protective factor.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/mortalidade , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Período Intraoperatório , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is a well known risk factor for early and late adverse outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG); however, few studies have investigated the impact of this risk factor in the group of older patients, especially octogenarians. OBJECTIVES: To compare in-hospital mortality and morbidity of diabetic and nondiabetic patients aged > 80 years submitted to CABG. METHODS: A total of 140 consecutive cases were studied, of whom 37 (26.4%) were diabetics, in a retrospective cross-sectional study, that included all patients aged > 80 years submitted to isolated/associated CABG. The patients' mean age was 82.5 ± 2.2 years and 55.7% were males. RESULTS: The hospital mortality rate did not significantly differ in multivariate analysis: 16.2% diabetic x 13.6% nondiabetic (P = 0.554), as well as morbidity: 43.2% x 37.9%, respectively (P = 0.533). Regarding to operative morbidity, the occurrence of stroke was significantly higher in diabetic patients in the univariate analysis (10.8% x 1.9%, P = 0.042). In multivariate analysis, however, the incidence of stroke was not associated with the presence of diabetes (P = 0.085), but it was associated with atrial fibrillation (P = 0.044). There was no significant difference related to other complications. CONCLUSION: In this small consecutive retrospectively analyzed series, there was no significant increase in hospital mortality and morbidity related to diabetes for CABG in octogenarian patients. The impact of the results of this study is limited by the sample size and might be confirmed by future randomized clinical trials.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Complicações do Diabetes/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidade , Diabetes Mellitus/cirurgia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: About 10% to 15% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery may develop low cardiac output syndrome in the perioperative period; of this total, 2% require mechanical support for adequate hemodynamic control. OBJECTIVE: To describe the mortality rates of patients who required the use of IABP in the perioperative or postoperative period of cardiac surgery, identifying preoperative variables associated with a worse outcome, as well as to describe the postoperative complications and medium-term survival. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study including 80 consecutive cases between January/2009 and September/ 2011. The patients had on average 62.9 ± 11.3 years and 58.8% were male; 81.3% were hypertensive, 50.0% had prior myocardial infarction and 38.8% has NYHA III/IV heart failure. The mainsurgery performed was isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (37.5%). RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 53.8% (IC 95%: 42.7-64.9), and cross-clamp time > 90 minutes was an independent predictor of mortality in multivariate analysis (OR 1.52 CI 95%: 1.04-2.22). 71.3% of patients (CI 95%: 61.2-81.4) had at least one additional complication in the perioperative period, with lower limb ischemia observed in 5.0% patients. One-year survival was 43.6%, with a plateau in survival rates after a sharp initial drop, related to hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Patients who require IABP comprise a group of very high risk for morbidity and mortality. IABP use, however, enables the recovery of many patients from an evolution that would invariably be fatal, and patients discharged from hospital have a good medium-term survival.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Balão Intra-Aórtico/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Idoso , Baixo Débito Cardíaco/terapia , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/estatística & dados numéricos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Balão Intra-Aórtico/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Perioperatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: An increasing number of octogenarian patients is undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). The short-term results of this procedure have been broadly studied, but there are few national reports on long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To describe hospital mortality and long-term survival of patients aged > 80 years undergoing isolated CABG. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study with 142 consecutive patients aged > 80 years undergoing isolated CABG in the period between January/1996 and December/2007 in a Brazilian reference center. Mean age (± SD) was 82.3 ± 2.1 years, and 56.3% were male. The prevalence of hypertension was 73.2%, of previous myocardial infarction 30.3%, of diabetes 26.8%, and of renal dysfunction (creatinine ³ 2.0 mg/ml) was 4.9%. The median follow-up was 4.0 years, with a loss of 11.6% of patients. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Overall hospital mortality was 14.8% (95% CI: 8.8 to 20.8), with a reduction of this rate during the study period (1996-1999: 25.9%, 2000-2003: 15.8%, and 2004-2007: 8.6%). Mean survival was 6.5 years (95% CI: 5.5 to 7.5), and the survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years was 79.4, 73.4 and 65.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results are in agreement with international reports. Mean survival was 6.5 years and the survival rate at 5 years was 65.2%.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Sobreviventes/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The greater longevity observed today has caused an increase in the number of elderly who need surgery. Aortic stenosis is a common condition in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morbidity and mortality in people aged 75 years or older who have undergone valvuloplasty or valve replacement surgery for aortic stenosis alone or associated with other injuries. METHODS: We studied 230 consecutive cases between Jan/2002-Dec/2007. Patients were 79.5 +/- 3.7 years (75 - 94), and 53.9% were men. In the sample, 68.7% had hypertension, 17.9% had atrial fibrillation, 15.9% were obese, and 14.4% had undergone previous heart surgery. At surgery, 87.4% underwent aortic stent placement, and 12.6% underwent aortic valvuloplasty. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 13.9% (9.4% with isolated aortic stenosis versus 20.9% with an associated procedure, p = 0.023) and the morbidity rate was 30.0% (25.2% with aortic stenosis alone versus 37.4% with an associated procedure, p = 0.068). The most common complications were: low cardiac output (20.2%), renal dysfunction (9.7%), and prolonged ventilatory support (7.9%). In the bivariate analysis, the main predictors of mortality were low cardiac output (RR 10.1, 95% CI: 5.02-20.3), use of intra-aortic balloon (RR 6.6, 95% CI: 3.83-11.4), sepsis (RR 6.77, 95%: 1.66-9.48) and renal dysfunction after surgery (RR 6.21, 95%: 3.47-11.1). As for morbidity, the predictors were: pre-operative renal dysfunction (RR 2.22, 95%: 1.25-3.95), atrial fibrillation (RR 1.74, 95%: 1.16-2.61), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (RR 1.93, 95%: 1.25-2.97). CONCLUSION: Aortic valve surgery in the elderly is related to a slightly higher mortality rate than in younger patients, and its main risk factors were associated procedures, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, COPD, and sepsis.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/mortalidade , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Anuloplastia da Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cateterismo/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Morbidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Given the progressive increase in longevity and the need of an increasingly elderly population to undergo myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS), it becomes necessary to know its risks and benefits. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in-hospital morbimortality of patients aged 80 and older submitted to MRS and identify its predictor variables. METHODS: A total of 140 consecutive cases were studied between January 2002 and December 2007. The patients' mean age was 82.5 +/- 2.2 years (range: 80-89) and 55.7% were males. In the sample,72.9% had arterial hypertension, 26.4% had diabetes, 65.7% presented severe lesion in three or more vessels and 28.6% presented a severe lesion in the left coronary trunk. An associated surgery was present in 35.7% of the cases, with aortic valve in 26.4% and mitral valve in 5.6%. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 14.3% (isolated MRS 10.0% vs 22.0% with associated procedure; p = 0.091) and the morbidity was 37.9% (isolated MRS 34.4% vs 44.0% with associated procedure; p = 0.35). The most frequent complications were low cardiac output (27.9%), renal dysfunction (10.0%) and prolonged ventilatory support (9.6%). At the bivariate analysis, the most important mortality predictors were sepsis (RR 10.2; 95%CI: 6.10-17.7), previous MRS (RR 8.06; 95%CI: 5.16-12.6), postoperative low cardiac output (RR 7.77; 95%CI: 3.03-19.9) and postoperative renal dysfunction (RR 7.36; 95%CI: 3.71-14.6). The morbidity predictors were extracorporeal circulation time > 120 min. (RR: 2.34; 95%CI: 1.62-3.38) and time of ischemia > 90 min. (RR: 2.29 95%CI: 1.56-3.37). CONCLUSION: The MRS in octogenarians is associated with a higher morbimortality when compared to younger patients, which, however, does not prevent the procedure if the indication is justified by clinical condition.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
FUNDAMENTO: A síndrome de baixo débito cardíaco no perioperatório de cirurgia cardíaca pode incidir em cerca de 10 a 15% dos pacientes; desse total, 2% necessitam de suporte mecânico para adequado controle hemodinâmico. OBJETIVOS: Descrever a mortalidade de pacientes que necessitaram utilizar balão intra-aórtico (BIAo) no trans ou pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, identificando variáveis pré-operatórias associadas a pior desfecho, assim como descrever as complicações pós-operatórias e a sobrevida em médio prazo. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluindo 80 casos consecutivos entre janeiro/2009 e setembro/2011. Os pacientes possuíam, em média, 62,9 ± 11,3 anos e 58,8% eram do sexo masculino. Na amostra, 81,3% dos pacientes eram hipertensos, 50% tinham infarto do miocárdio prévio e 38,8%, insuficiência cardíaca NYHA III/IV. A principal cirurgia realizada foi a revascularização miocárdica isolada (37,5%). RESULTADOS:A mortalidade hospitalar nesta série foi de 53,8% (IC95%: 42,7-64,9), sendo o tempo de isquemia > 90 minutos preditor independente de mortalidade em análise multivariada (RR 1,52 IC95%: 1,04-2,22). Em relação às complicações, 71,3% (IC95%: 61,2-81,4) dos pacientes apresentaram ao menos uma complicação adicional no período perioperatório, sendo a isquemia do membro inferior observada em 5% dos pacientes. A sobrevida em 1 ano foi de 43,6%, observando-se um platô na curva de sobrevida após uma queda acentuada inicial, relacionada à mortalidade hospitalar. CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes que necessitam do BIAo compõem um grupo de muito alto risco para morbidade e mortalidade; seu emprego, entretanto, permite recuperar muitos pacientes de uma evolução que seria invariavelmente fatal, tendo os pacientes com alta hospitalar uma boa sobrevida em médio prazo.
BACKGROUND: About 10% to 15% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery may develop low cardiac output syndrome in the perioperative period; of this total, 2% require mechanical support for adequate hemodynamic control. OBJECTIVE: To describe the mortality rates of patients who required the use of IABP in the perioperative or postoperative period of cardiac surgery, identifying preoperative variables associated with a worse outcome, as well as to describe the postoperative complications and medium-term survival. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study including 80 consecutive cases between January/2009 and September/ 2011. The patients had on average 62.9 ± 11.3 years and 58.8% were male; 81.3% were hypertensive, 50.0% had prior myocardial infarction and 38.8% has NYHA III/IV heart failure. The mainsurgery performed was isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (37.5%). RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 53.8% (IC 95%: 42.7-64.9), and cross-clamp time > 90 minutes was an independent predictor of mortality in multivariate analysis (OR 1.52 CI 95%: 1.04-2.22). 71.3% of patients (CI 95%: 61.2-81.4) had at least one additional complication in the perioperative period, with lower limb ischemia observed in 5.0% patients. One-year survival was 43.6%, with a plateau in survival rates after a sharp initial drop, related to hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Patients who require IABP comprise a group of very high risk for morbidity and mortality. IABP use, however, enables the recovery of many patients from an evolution that would invariably be fatal, and patients discharged from hospital have a good medium-term survival.
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Balão Intra-Aórtico/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Baixo Débito Cardíaco/terapia , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Balão Intra-Aórtico , Período Perioperatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is a well known risk factor for early and late adverse outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG); however, few studies have investigated the impact of this risk factor in the group of older patients, especially octogenarians. OBJECTIVES: To compare in-hospital mortality and morbidity of diabetic and nondiabetic patients aged > 80 years submitted to CABG. METHODS: A total of 140 consecutive cases were studied, of whom 37 (26.4%) were diabetics, in a retrospective cross-sectional study, that included all patients aged > 80 years submitted to isolated/associated CABG. The patients' mean age was 82.5 ± 2.2 years and 55.7% were males. RESULTS: The hospital mortality rate did not significantly differ in multivariate analysis: 16.2% diabetic x 13.6% nondiabetic (P = 0.554), as well as morbidity: 43.2% x 37.9%, respectively (P = 0.533). Regarding to operative morbidity, the occurrence of stroke was significantly higher in diabetic patients in the univariate analysis (10.8% x 1.9%, P = 0.042). In multivariate analysis, however, the incidence of stroke was not associated with the presence of diabetes (P = 0.085), but it was associated with atrial fibrillation (P = 0.044). There was no significant difference related to other complications. CONCLUSION: In this small consecutive retrospectively analyzed series, there was no significant increase in hospital mortality and morbidity related to diabetes for CABG in octogenarian patients. The impact of the results of this study is limited by the sample size and might be confirmed by future randomized clinical trials.
INTRODUÇÃO: O diabetes é um fator de risco conhecido para eventos adversos precoces e tardios em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM); entretanto, poucos estudos investigaram sua influência no grupo de pacientes mais idosos, especialmente nos octogenários. OBJETIVOS: Comparar a mortalidade e a morbidade hospitalar de pacientes com idade > 80 anos diabéticos e não-diabéticos submetidos à CRM. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 140 casos consecutivos, sendo 37 (26,4%) diabéticos, em um estudo transversal retrospectivo incluindo todos os pacientes com idade > 80 anos submetidos à CRM isolada/associada. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 82,5 ± 2,2 anos e 55,7% eram do sexo masculino. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade hospitalar não diferiu de maneira significativa na análise multivariada entre os grupos, 16,2% diabéticos x 13,6% não-diabéticos (P=0,554), assim como a morbidade pós-operatória, 43,2 x 37,9%, respectivamente (P=0,533). Em relação à morbidade, a ocorrência de acidente vascular cerebral foi significativamente maior em pacientes diabéticos na análise univariada (10,8% x 1,9%; P = 0,042). Na análise multivariada, no entanto, a incidência dessa complicação não foi associada com a presença de diabetes (P=0,085), mas com a presença de fibrilação atrial (P=0,044). Não se observou nenhuma diferença significativa em relação às outras complicações. CONCLUSÃO: Nessa pequena série de casos retrospectiva, não houve um aumento significativo da morbimortalidade hospitalar no grupo de pacientes octogenários diabéticos. O impacto dos resultados desta série é limitado pelo tamanho amostral e poderá ser confirmado por futuros ensaios clínicos randomizados.
Assuntos
Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Complicações do Diabetes/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidade , Diabetes Mellitus/cirurgia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Identification of preoperative heart valve surgery risk factors aim to improve surgical outcomes with the possibility to offset conditions related to increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: Intent of this study is to identify hospital risk factors in patients undergoing bovine pericardial bioprosthesis implantation. METHODS: Retrospective study including 703 consecutive patients who underwent implantation of at least one St. Jude Medical-Biocor bovine pericardial bioprosthesis between September 1991 and December 2005 at the Rio Grande do Sul Cardiology Institute; 392 were aortic, 250 were mitral and 61 were mitroaortic. Characteristics analyzed were gender, age, body mass index, NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional class, ejection fraction, valve lesions, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney function, arrhythmias, prior heart surgery, coronary artery bypass graft, tricuspid valve surgery and elective, urgent or emergency surgery. Main outcome was in-hospital mortality. Relationship between risk factors and in-hospital mortality was analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Were 101 (14.3%) in-hospital deaths. Characteristics with significant relationship to increased mortality were female gender (p<0.001), age over 70 years (p=0.004), atrial fibrillation (p=0.006), diabetes mellitus (p=0.043), creatinine > 2.4 mg/dl (p=0.004), functional class IV (p<0.001), mitral valve lesion (p<0.001), previous heart surgery (p=0.005), tricuspid valve surgery (p<0.001) and emergency surgery (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Mortality rate observed is accepted by literature and is justifiable due to the high prevalence of risk factors, showing an increased significance level for female gender, age above 70, functional class IV, tricuspid valve repairs and emergency surgery. Offsetting these factors could contribute to reduced in-hospital mortality for valve surgery.
Assuntos
Bioprótese , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Bovinos , Complicações do Diabetes , Tratamento de Emergência/efeitos adversos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and surgical profile between two groups of patients submitted to Myocardial Revascularization (MCR) surgery at the Instituto de Cardiologia of Rio Grande do Sul with a ten year interval, to observe its influence upon MCR hospital mortality and to verify the predictability of this result using the risk score. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involving 307 patients who underwent MCR surgery within a six month period during 1991/92 (INITIAL group, n=153) or 2001/02 (CURRENT group, n=154). Demographic characteristics, heart disease, comorbidities and surgical events were analyzed to compare the groups and to define the hospital mortality risk score (based on the Cleveland Clinic method). RESULTS: The CURRENT group was older, had more severe heart condition (functional class, incidence of heart failure and number of vessels with severe lesions) and a greater prevalence of comorbidities. The INITIAL group had a higher prevalence of nonelective surgery. Both groups had similar mean risk scores (2.8 +/- 3.1 for INITIAL and 2.2 +/- 2.5 for CURRENT) and hospital mortality rates (3.3% and 1.9% respectively). These figures are comparable to those for reported by Cleveland Clinic (for a risk score of 3 the predicted mortality range between 2.0 %; using a confidence level of 95% the predicted mortality is between 0 and 4.3%; and actual mortality confirmed by the study was 3.4%). CONCLUSION: Patients currently submitted to MCR are older and in worse clinical condition (heart and systemic) than those operated on ten years ago; however, the risk scores and hospital mortality rates were slightly higher in the INITIAL group. The higher number of nonelective surgical interventions could have contributed to this. A risk score can be used to identify patients that require a higher level of care and to predict surgical outcomes.
Assuntos
Mortalidade Hospitalar , Revascularização Miocárdica/mortalidade , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: Um crescente número de pacientes octogenários tem sido submetido à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM). Os resultados em curto prazo desse procedimento têm sido amplamente estudados, mas há poucos relatos nacionais até o presente momento sobre os seus desfechos em longo prazo. OBJETIVOS: Descrever a mortalidade hospitalar e a sobrevida em longo prazo de pacientes com idade 80 anos submetidos à CRM isolada. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 142 pacientes consecutivos de idade 80 anos submetidos à CRM isolada no período de janeiro/1996 a dezembro/2007. A idade média (±dp) foi de 82,3±2,1 anos e 56,3% eram masculinos. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi de 73,2%, infarto agudo do miocárdio prévio 30,3%, diabetes melito 26,8% e disfunção renal (creatinina ³ 2,0mg/ml) 4,9%. A mediana do seguimento foi de 4,0 anos, havendo perda de 11,6% dos pacientes. A análise da sobrevida foi feita pela curva de Kaplan-Meier. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade hospitalar geral foi de 14,8% (IC95%: 8,8-20,8), observando-se uma redução desse percentual ao longo do período estudado (1996-1999: 25,9%, 2000-2003: 15,8% e 2004-2007: 8,6%). A média de sobrevida foi de 6,5 anos (IC95%: 5,5-7,5), sendo a taxa de sobrevida em 1, 3 e 5 anos de 83,3, 79,5 e 77,3%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A média de sobrevida foi de 6,5 anos, sendo a taxa em 5 anos de 77,3%, dados condizentes com a literatura internacional.
INTRODUCTION: An increasing number of octogenarian patients is undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). The short-term results of this procedure have been broadly studied, but there are few national reports on long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To describe hospital mortality and long-term survival of patients aged > 80 years undergoing isolated CABG. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study with 142 consecutive patients aged > 80 years undergoing isolated CABG in the period between January/1996 and December/2007 in a Brazilian reference center. Mean age (± SD) was 82.3 ± 2.1 years, and 56.3% were male. The prevalence of hypertension was 73.2%, of previous myocardial infarction 30.3%, of diabetes 26.8%, and of renal dysfunction (creatinine ³ 2.0 mg/ml) was 4.9%. The median follow-up was 4.0 years, with a loss of 11.6% of patients. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Overall hospital mortality was 14.8% (95% CI: 8.8 to 20.8), with a reduction of this rate during the study period (1996-1999: 25.9%, 2000-2003: 15.8%, and 2004-2007: 8.6%). Mean survival was 6.5 years (95% CI: 5.5 to 7.5), and the survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years was 79.4, 73.4 and 65.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results are in agreement with international reports. Mean survival was 6.5 years and the survival rate at 5 years was 65.2%.
Assuntos
Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Sobreviventes/estatística & dados numéricos , Seguimentos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
FUNDAMENTO: O progressivo aumento da longevidade da população tem levado cada vez mais pacientes octogenários a necessitarem de cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM), sendo necessário conhecer os riscos e benefícios desse procedimento nessa faixa etária. OBJETIVO: Descrever a morbimortalidade hospitalar de pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 80 anos submetidos à CRM e identificar variáveis que se constituem em seus preditores. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 140 casos consecutivos entre janeiro de 2002 e dezembro de 2007. Os pacientes possuíam em média 82,5 ± 2,2 anos (80-89), e 55,7 por cento eram do sexo masculino. Na amostra, 72,9 por cento tinham hipertensão arterial, 26,4 por cento diabete, 65,7 por cento lesão grave em três ou mais vasos e 28,6 por cento em tronco da coronária esquerda. Cirurgia associada esteve presente em 35,7 por cento dos pacientes, sendo a valvar aórtica em 26,4 por cento e a mitral em 5,6 por cento. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade foi de 14,3 por cento (CRM isolada 10,0 por cento x 22,0 por cento associada; p = 0,091) e a morbidade de 37,9 por cento (CRM isolada 34,4 por cento x 44,0 por cento associada; p = 0,35). Complicações mais frequentes: baixo débito cardíaco (27,9 por cento), disfunção renal (10,0 por cento) e suporte ventilatório prolongado (9,6 por cento). Na análise bivariada, os maiores preditores de mortalidade foram sepse (RR 10,2 IC 95 por cento: 6,10-17,7), CRM prévia (RR 8,06 IC 95 por cento: 5,16-12,6), baixo débito cardíaco pós-operatório (RR 7,77 IC 95 por cento: 3,03-19,9) e disfunção renal pós-operatória (RR 7,36 IC 95 por cento: 3,71-14,6). Quanto à morbidade, foram preditores tempo de circulação extracorpórea >120 min. (RR: 2,34 IC 95 por cento: 1,62-3,38) e de isquemia > 90 min. (RR: 2,29 IC 95 por cento: 1,56-3,37). CONCLUSÃO: A CRM em octogenários está relacionada a uma morbimortalidade maior do que nos pacientes mais jovens, o que, entretanto, não impede a intervenção se houver indicação...
BACKGROUND: Given the progressive increase in longevity and the need of an increasingly elderly population to undergo myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS), it becomes necessary to know its risks and benefits. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in-hospital morbimortality of patients aged 80 and older submitted to MRS and identify its predictor variables. METHODS: A total of 140 consecutive cases were studied between January 2002 and December 2007. The patients' mean age was 82.5 ± 2.2 years (range: 80-89) and 55.7 percent were males. In the sample,72.9 percent had arterial hypertension, 26.4 percent had diabetes, 65.7 percent presented severe lesion in three or more vessels and 28.6 percent presented a severe lesion in the left coronary trunk. An associated surgery was present in 35.7 percent of the cases, with aortic valve in 26.4 percent and mitral valve in 5.6 percent. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 14.3 percent (isolated MRS 10.0 percent vs 22.0 percent with associated procedure; p = 0.091) and the morbidity was 37.9 percent (isolated MRS 34.4 percent vs 44.0 percent with associated procedure; p = 0.35). The most frequent complications were low cardiac output (27.9 percent), renal dysfunction (10.0 percent) and prolonged ventilatory support (9.6 percent). At the bivariate analysis, the most important mortality predictors were sepsis (RR 10.2; 95 percentCI: 6.10-17.7), previous MRS (RR 8.06; 95 percentCI: 5.16-12.6), postoperative low cardiac output (RR 7.77; 95 percentCI: 3.03-19.9) and postoperative renal dysfunction (RR 7.36; 95 percentCI: 3.71-14.6). The morbidity predictors were extracorporeal circulation time > 120 min. (RR: 2.34; 95 percentCI: 1.62-3.38) and time of ischemia > 90 min. (RR: 2.29 95 percentCI: 1.56-3.37). CONCLUSION: The MRS in octogenarians is associated with a higher morbimortality when compared to younger patients, which, however, does not prevent the procedure if the indication is justified by clinical condition.
Assuntos
Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
FUNDAMENTO: A maior longevidade observada atualmente ocasionou aumento do número de idosos que necessitam de intervenções cirúrgicas. A estenose aórtica é uma condição frequente nessa faixa etária. OBJETIVO: Avaliar morbidade e mortalidade hospitalar em pessoas de 75 anos ou mais, que tenham sido submetidas à cirurgia de valvuloplastia, ou de troca valvar por estenose aórtica isolada ou associada a outras lesões. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 230 casos consecutivos entre jan/2002-dez/2007. Os pacientes tinham 79,5 ± 3,7 anos (75 - 94), sendo que 53,9 por cento eram homens. Na amostra, 68,7 por cento tinham hipertensão arterial, 17,9 por cento tinham fibrilação atrial, 15,9 por cento apresentaram obesidade e 14,4 por cento cirurgia cardíaca prévia. Na cirurgia, 87,4 por cento foram submetidos à colocação de prótese aórtica e 12,6 por cento à valvuloplastia aórtica. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade foi de 13,9 por cento (sendo 9,4 por cento de estenose aórtica isolada x 20,9 por cento com procedimento associado; p = 0,023) e a morbidade foi de 30,0 por cento (sendo 25,2 por cento de estenose aórtica isolada x 37,4 por cento com procedimento associado; p = 0,068). As complicações mais frequentes foram: baixo débito cardíaco (20,2 por cento), disfunção renal (9,7 por cento) e suporte ventilatório prolongado (7,9 por cento). Na análise bivariada, os maiores preditores de mortalidade foram: baixo débito cardíaco (RR 10,1, IC95 por cento: 5,02-20,3), uso do balão intra-aórtico (RR 6,6, IC95 por cento: 3,83-11,4), sepse (RR 6,77, IC95 por cento: 1,66-9,48) e disfunção renal pós-operatória (RR 6,21, IC95 por cento: 3,47-11,1). Quanto à morbidade, foram preditores: disfunção renal pré-operatória (RR 2,22, IC95 por cento: 1,25-3,95), fibrilação atrial (RR 1,74, IC95 por cento: 1,16-2,61) e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) (RR 1,93, IC95 por cento: 1,25-2,97). CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia valvar aórtica em idosos está relacionada à morbimortalidade um pouco ...
BACKGROUND: The greater longevity observed today has caused an increase in the number of elderly who need surgery. Aortic stenosis is a common condition in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morbidity and mortality in people aged 75 years or older who have undergone valvuloplasty or valve replacement surgery for aortic stenosis alone or associated with other injuries. METHODS: We studied 230 consecutive cases between Jan/2002-Dec/2007. Patients were 79.5 ± 3.7 years (75 - 94), and 53.9 percent were men. In the sample, 68.7 percent had hypertension, 17.9 percent had atrial fibrillation, 15.9 percent were obese, and 14.4 percent had undergone previous heart surgery. At surgery, 87.4 percent underwent aortic stent placement, and 12.6 percent underwent aortic valvuloplasty. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 13.9 percent (9.4 percent with isolated aortic stenosis versus 20.9 percent with an associated procedure, p = 0.023) and the morbidity rate was 30.0 percent (25.2 percent with aortic stenosis alone versus 37.4 percent with an associated procedure, p = 0.068). The most common complications were: low cardiac output (20.2 percent), renal dysfunction (9.7 percent), and prolonged ventilatory support (7.9 percent). In the bivariate analysis, the main predictors of mortality were low cardiac output (RR 10.1, 95 percent CI: 5.02-20.3), use of intra-aortic balloon (RR 6.6, 95 percent CI: 3.83-11.4), sepsis (RR 6.77, 95 percent: 1.66-9.48) and renal dysfunction after surgery (RR 6.21, 95 percent: 3.47-11.1). As for morbidity, the predictors were: pre-operative renal dysfunction (RR 2.22, 95 percent: 1.25-3.95), atrial fibrillation (RR 1.74, 95 percent: 1.16-2.61), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (RR 1.93, 95 percent: 1.25-2.97). CONCLUSION: Aortic valve surgery in the elderly is related to a slightly higher mortality rate than in younger patients, and its main risk factors were associated procedures, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, ...
Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/mortalidade , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Anuloplastia da Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cateterismo , Morbidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
FUNDAMENTO: Identificação de fatores de risco pré-operatórios na cirurgia cardíaca valvar visa melhor resultado cirúrgico pela possível neutralização de condições relacionadas com morbi-mortalidade aumentada. OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetiva identificar fatores de risco hospitalar em pacientes submetidos a implante de bioprótese de pericárdio bovino. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo incluindo 703 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a implante de pelo menos uma bioprótese de pericárdio bovino St. Jude Medical-Biocor® de setembro de 1991 a dezembro de 2005 no Instituto de Cardiologia do RS, sendo 392 aórticos, 250 mitrais e 61 mitro-aórticos. Analisadas as características sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal, classe funcional (New York Heart Association - NYHA), fração de ejeção, lesão valvar, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabete melito, função renal, arritmias cardíacas, cirurgia cardíaca prévia, revascularização miocárdica, plastia tricúspide e caráter eletivo, de urgência ou de emergência da cirurgia. Desfecho primordial foi mortalidade hospitalar. Utilizou-se regressão logística para examinar relação entre fatores de risco e mortalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 101 (14,3 por cento) óbitos hospitalares. Características significativamente relacionadas à mortalidade aumentada foram sexo feminino (p<0,001), idade superior a 70 anos (p=0,004), fibrilação atrial (p=0,006), diabete melito (p=0,043), creatinina > 2,4mg/dl (p=0,004), classe funcional IV (p<0,001), lesão valvar mitral (p<0,001), cirurgia cardíaca prévia (p=0,005), plastia tricúspide (p<0,001) e caráter cirúrgico emergencial (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Observada mortalidade aceita pela literatura, justificável pela prevalência de alguns fatores de risco, tendo elevado nível de significância sexo feminino, idade superior a 70 anos, classe funcional IV, plastia tricúspide e caráter emergencial. A possível neutralização destes poderá contribuir para redução da mortalidade hospitalar...
BACKGROUND: Identification of preoperative heart valve surgery risk factors aim to improve surgical outcomes with the possibility to offset conditions related to increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: Intent of this study is to identify hospital risk factors in patients undergoing bovine pericardial bioprosthesis implantation. METHODS: Retrospective study including 703 consecutive patients who underwent implantation of at least one St. Jude Medical-Biocor bovine pericardial bioprosthesis between September 1991 and December 2005 at the Rio Grande do Sul Cardiology Institute; 392 were aortic, 250 were mitral and 61 were mitroaortic. Characteristics analyzed were gender, age, body mass index, NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional class, ejection fraction, valve lesions, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney function, arrhythmias, prior heart surgery, coronary artery bypass graft, tricuspid valve surgery and elective, urgent or emergency surgery. Main outcome was in-hospital mortality. Relationship between risk factors and in-hospital mortality was analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Were 101 (14.3 percent) in-hospital deaths. Characteristics with significant relationship to increased mortality were female gender (p<0.001), age over 70 years (p=0.004), atrial fibrillation (p=0.006), diabetes mellitus (p=0.043), creatinine > 2.4mg/dl (p=0.004), functional class IV (p<0.001), mitral valve lesion (p<0.001), previous heart surgery (p=0.005), tricuspid valve surgery (p<0.001) and emergency surgery (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Mortality rate observed is accepted by literature and is justifiable due to the high prevalence of risk factors, showing an increased significance level for female gender, age above 70, functional class IV, tricuspid valve repairs and emergency surgery. Offsetting these factors could contribute to reduced in-hospital mortality for valve surgery.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bioprótese , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Complicações do Diabetes , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Tratamento de Emergência/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
OBJETIVO: O estudo consiste em verificar os efeitos da utilização do óxido nítrico inalatório (NOi) em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia valvar mitral. MÉTODO: Os efeitos do NOi foram medidos principalmente por meio da verificação de alterações na pressão arterial pulmonar (PAP). Outras medidas realizadas incluíram: pressão arterial média (PAM), pressão venosa central média (PVC), pressão média de átrio esquerdo (PAE), saturação de oxigênio por oximetria de pulso, complacência pulmonar estática e gradiente transpulmonar (GTP). RESULTADOS: Nos 20 pacientes estudados, obteve-se tempo mediano de utilização do NOi de 19,1 horas. A PAP média reduziu significativamente de 33,8 ± 6,17 mmHg (pré-NOi) para 29,1 ± 6,46 mmHg, nos 30 minutos iniciais e para 28,4 ± 5,22 mmHg, considerando a média de todas as medidas pós-NOi (p< 0,05). O GTP também apresentou redução estatisticamente significativa. Não houve alterações significativas nas demais medidas hemodinâmicas. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados indicam que a utilização do NOi reduz a PAP sem efeitos sistêmicos, demonstrando efeito vasodilatador seletivo no sistema vascular pulmonar.
OBJECTIVE: Cardiac surgery in patients with pulmonary hypertension may present severe postoperative complications. The study consists of verifying the effects of using inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in patients during the postoperative period of mitral valve surgery. METHODS: The effects of iNO were measured mainly by verifying changes in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Other measures performed included mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean central venous pressure (CVP), mean left atrial pressure (LAP), oxygen saturation by pulse oxymetry, and static pulmonary compliance. RESULTS: In the 20 patients studied, a median time of iNO use of 19.1 hours was obtained. The mean PAP was significantly reduced from 33.8 ± 6.17 mmHg (pre-iNO) to 29.1 ± 6.46 mmHg in the initial 30 minutes and to 28.4 ± 5.22 mmHg considering the mean of all post-iNO measures (p< 0.05). No significant changes occurred in the other hemodynamic measures. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the use of iNO, in post-operative period of mitral valve operation associated with pulmonary hypertension, reduces PAP without systemic effects, demonstrating a selective vasodilator effect on the pulmonary vascular system.
Assuntos
Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/cirurgia , Óxido Nítrico/efeitos adversos , Dopamina/uso terapêutico , Valva Mitral/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Comparar perfil clínico e cirúrgico entre dois grupos de pacientes submetidos a Cirurgia de Revascularização Miocárdica (CRM) no Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, com intervalo de 10 anos; observar sua influência na mortalidade hospitalar e verificar previsibilidade deste resultado mediante escore de risco. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, envolvendo 307 pacientes submetidos a CRM isolada em período semestral de 1991/92 (grupo INICIAL, n=153) ou 2001/02 (grupo ATUAL, n=154). Foram analisados características demográficas, doenças cardíacas, co-morbidades e eventos operatórios, visando à comparação entre grupos e definição do escore de risco de morte hospitalar (conforme Cleveland Clinic). RESULTADOS: O grupo ATUAL tinha idade mais avançada, condição cardíaca mais grave (classe funcional, prevalência de insuficiência cardíaca e número de vasos com lesão severa) e maior prevalência de co-morbidades. Os pacientes iniciais mostraram maior prevalência na indicação cirúrgica de urgência. Não ocorreu diferença no escore médio de risco calculado para ambos os grupos (2,8 + 3,1 no INICIAL e 2,2 + 2,5 no ATUAL) ou na mortalidade hospitalar (respectivamente 3,3 por cento e 1,9 por cento), valores comparáveis com os comunicados pela Cleveland Clinic (para escore de risco 3, mortalidade prevista de 2,0 por cento, com limite de confiança 95 por cento de 0-4,3 por cento e mortalidade real em estudo de confirmação de 3,4 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes atualmente submetidos a CRM são mais idosos e em pior condição clínica (cardíaca e sistêmica) que os operados há 10 anos, mas a pontuação no escore de risco e a mortalidade hospitalar foram discretamente aumentadas no grupo inicial. Para isto, pode ter contribuído maior prevalência de cirurgias de urgência. Um escore de risco pode ser utilizado para identificar pacientes que requerem maiores cuidados e predizer o resultado cirúrgico.
OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and surgical and clinical profiles of two group of patients submitted to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) at Instituto de Cardiologia do RGS within a decade interval, define related hospital mortality and to validate a severity risk score for this populations. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, including 307 CABG patients operated during six months of 1991/92 (n=153) and 2001/02 (n=154). Demographic characteristics, heart disease severity, co-morbidities and pre-operative events were evaluated and compared between groups. Hospital mortality and severity risk scores for mortality according to Cleveland Clinic were also assessed. RESULTS: Patients operated in 2001/02 were older, had more severe cardiac disease (increased NYHA functional class, prevalence of heart failure, and distribution of coronary diseased) and presented more co-morbidities than those operated in 1991/92. This patients required urgent surgery more often. The mean Cleveland Clinic severity risk score wasn't different between groups (2.8 + 3.1 in 1991/92 and 2.2 + 2.5 in 2001/02) and hospital mortality didn't present significant difference (3.3 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively). For Cleveland Clinic score 3 the predicted mortality was estimated as 2.0 percent (with confidence limit 95 percent of 0- 4.3 percent) and observed mortality for surgical patients of this institution was 3.4 percent. CONCLUSION: Patients submitted to CABG currently are older and in worse clinical conditions than those operated 10 years ago, but severity risk scores and hospital mortality were discretely increased for initial series of patients. This may be a consequent of a higher prevalence of urgent surgical indication in those patients. A severity risk score for hospital mortality can be used to predict surgical result and identify patients requiring specific care.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Revascularização Miocárdica/mortalidade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUÇAO: Indicacões da operacão de revascularizacão miocárdica (RM) foram modificadas pela introducão de novas drogas e da angioplastia coronária transluminal percutânea (ACTP), sendo o procedimento cada vez considerado em pacientes com doenca multiarterial coronária e de condicão clínica mais grave. OBJETIVO: Comparar perfil clínico e cirúrgico entre dois grupos de pacientes submetidos a RM com intervalo de 10 anos, bem como observar sua influência na mortalidade hospitalar. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, envolvendo 307 pacientes submetidos a RM em 1991/92 (grupo INICIAL, n=153) ou 2001/02 (grupo ATUAL, n=154). Para cada grupo foram identificadas características demográficas, doencas cardíacas, co-morbidades e eventos operatórios, visando comparacão e determinacão dos fatores relacionados à mortalidade hospitalar aumentada. RESULTADOS: Grupo recente tinha idade mais avancada, condicão cardíaca mais grave(classe funcional, prevalência de insuficiência cardíaca e número de vasos com lesão grave) e maior prevalência de co-morbidades. Pacientes iniciais mostraram maior prevalência na indicacão cirúrgica de urgência. Não ocorreu diferenca na mortalidade hospitalar (respectivamente 3,3 por cento e 1,9 por cento para grupos INICIAL e ATUAL). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes atualmente submetidos a RM são mais idosos e de condicão clínica mais grave (cardíaca e sistêmica) que os operados há 10 anos, embora isto não tenha influenciado de modo significativo a mortalidade hospitalar, que é menor recentemente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cardiopatias/cirurgia , Revascularização Miocárdica , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência de fibrilação atrial no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, seu impacto sobre a morbimortalidade e o tempo de internação hospitalar e analisar os fatores de risco presentes no pré, trans e pós-operatório. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte contemporâneo com 158 pacientes adultos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca, sendo excluídos aqueles com fibrilação atrial no pré-operatório. Os pacientes foram avaliados por monitorização cardíaca contínua e eletrocardiogramas diários e a fibrilação atrial considerada como qualquer episódio de ritmo irregular, com presença de ondas f de morfologia e amplitude variáveis. RESULTADOS: A incidência de fibrilação atrial foi de 28,5 por cento, sendo 21,6 por cento para os pacientes revascularizados e 44,3 por cento para os submetidos à correção valvar. Fatores independentemente associados à fibrilação atrial foram insuficiência cardíaca esquerda no pré-operatório (p=0,05; RC=2,2), balanço hídrico total (p=0,01; RC=1,0), tempo de cirurgia (p=0,03; RC=1,01) e outros fatores associados: idade > 70 anos, doença valvar aórtica, agitação psicomotora, tempo de permanência de drenos, congestão pulmonar e insuficiência respiratória no pós-operatório. O uso de betabloqueadores (p=0,01; RC=0,3) foi um fator de proteção. Fibrilação atrial pós-operatória associou-se a aumento do tempo de internação hospitalar (16,9 ± 12,3 dias vs 9,2 ± 4,0 dias, p<0,001) e a maior incidência de acidente vascular cerebral ou óbito pós-operatório, (p=0,02). CONCLUSAO: A incidência de fibrilação atrial no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca foi elevada e ocasionou significativo aumento de morbimortalidade e tempo de internação hospitalar. Entre os fatores de risco independentes destaca-se o balanço hídrico excessivo e, como fator protetor, uso de betabloqueadores.