Motor-cognitive dual-task performance of older women evaluated using Wii Balance Board.

BACKGROUND: Single- and dual-tasks are influenced by age-related impaired postural balance. Aim of this study was to analyze the Center of Pressure (CoP) oscillation during static balance in the presence or absence of cognitive task on older women. METHODS: Thirty-one healthy older women were assessed in a stand quiet position with open/closed eyes (single-task, OE and CE) and with cognitive task (dual-task, DT) through Wii Balance Board. Sway area, total displacement and CoP oscillation (CO) based on the number of times that CoP traveled through anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. Friedman test was used to compare OE, CE and DT. Dual-task interference percentage was used to quantify the cognitive load on balance whereas Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the association of cognitive domains and CO. RESULTS: The CO was significantly higher in DT than in single-tasks and participants were unable to maintain their limits of stability in mediolateral direction. The cost of DT interference was 30.5%, which is partially explained by the deviation of attention from postural control to spatial and temporal orientation. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that cognitive load during DT impairs balance in mediolateral direction, thus indicating the use of WBB to assess cognitive interference on postural control.

Comparison of cognitive functions among frail and prefrail older adults: a clinical perspective.

ABSTRACTObjective:To compare cognitive function among frail and prefrail older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical study. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-one non-institutionalized older individuals participated in this study. MEASUREMENTS: Cognitive functions were evaluated through Mini-Mental State Examination (Global Cognition), Digit Span Forward (short-term memory), Digit Span Backward (working memory), Verbal Fluency Test (semantic memory/executive function). Data were compared using parametric and non-parametric bivariate tests. Binary logistic regression was used to test a frailty prediction model. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.01 to compare groups. In the regression model, the p value was set to be ≤0.05. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in global cognition, and short-term memory between frail and prefrail individuals (p ≤ 0.01). Global cognition explained 14-19% of frailty's model. CONCLUSION: According to our findings, the evaluation of cognitive functions among older persons with frailty and prefrailty provides important complementary information to better manage frailty and its progression.

Characterization and phosphoproteomic analysis of a human immortalized podocyte model of Fabry disease generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

Fabry nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and premature death in patients with Fabry disease (FD), a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder. Gb3, the main substrate of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A), progressively accumulates within cells in a variety of tissues. Establishment of cell models has been useful as a tool for testing hypotheses of disease pathogenesis. We applied CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to the GLA gene to develop human kidney cell models of FD in human immortalized podocytes, which are the main affected renal cell type. Our podocytes lack detectable α-Gal A activity and have increased levels of Gb3. To explore different pathways that could have distinct patterns of activation under conditions of α-gal A deficiency, we used a high-throughput antibody array to perform phosphorylation profiling of CRISPR/Cas9-edited and control podocytes. Changes in both total protein levels and in phosphorylation status per site were observed. Analysis of our candidate proteins suggests that multiple signaling pathways are impaired in FD.

Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome in an adolescent with short bowel syndrome.

Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome (BADAS) is a neutrophilic dermatosis, characterized by the occurrence of arthritis and skin lesions related to bowel disease with or without bowel bypass. We report an unusual case of BADAS in a 15-year-old white male with congenital aganglionosis of the colon and hypoganglionosis of the small intestine and multiple bowel surgeries in childhood complicated by short bowel syndrome. He presented with recurrent peripheral polyarthritis, tenosynovitis, and painful erythematous subcutaneous nodules located on the dorsolateral regions of the legs and on the dorsa of the feet. Histological examination disclosed a neutrophilic dermatosis confirming the diagnosis of BADAS.Although an uncommon disease, especially at pediatric age, it is important to evoke the diagnosis of BADAS in children and adolescents with bowel disease, because treatment options and prognosis are distinct from other rheumatologic conditions.

Physical Activity at Different Life Stages and Its Consequence on the Initial Immunization and Inflammatory Response Against COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the influence of previous physical activity (PA) during childhood, adolescence, and current PA practice on the production of antibodies and inflammatory response between the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS: Fifty-nine men and 56 women were evaluated before the first vaccine, and 12 weeks later, blood samples were taken to quantify production of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies and cytokines. Previous PA during childhood and adolescence was self-referred, and current PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: A positive and significant association was observed only between PA practice during adolescence and an increase in antibody production in adulthood (ß = 2012.077, 95% confidence interval, 257.7953-3766.358, P = .025). Individuals who practiced PA during adolescence showed higher production of antibodies between the first and second vaccine dose compared to nonpractitioners (P = .025) and those that accumulated ≥150 minutes per week of current moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), and presented higher antibody production in relation to who did <150 minutes per week of MVPA (P = .046). Individuals that were practitioners during childhood produced higher G-CSF (P = .047), and those that accumulated ≥150 minutes per week of current MVPA demonstrated lower IP-10 levels (P = .033). However, PA practitioners during adolescence presented higher G-CSF (P = .025), IL-17 (P = .038), IL-1RA (P = .005), IL-1ß (P = .020), and IL-2 (P = .026) levels. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that adults that accumulated at least 150 minutes of MVPA per week or practiced PA during adolescence developed an improved immune and inflammatory response against COVID-19 vaccination.

Effect of dietary fibre of barley variety 'Rihane' on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci development and on colonic microbiota diversity in rats.

Many epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested an important role for dietary fibre (DF) of cereals in the prevention of colon cancer. The objective of the present study was to explain the effects of the DF of barley Rihane (BR) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colonic bacterial diversity in rats. Following an acclimatisation period, rats were divided into four groups and fed a control (C) diet or experimental diet containing 30 % of BR. DF content in the experimental diet was twice that of the C diet (total DF was 8·69 % in the C diet and 15·24 % in the BR diet). At 7 and 8 weeks of age, rats received two successive subcutaneous injections of AOM at 20 mg/kg body weight. At 12 weeks after the first injection, ten animals from each group were killed. The BR diet decreased colonic pH (P < 0·05) compared with the C diet. The total number of ACF observed decreased considerably in the BR/AOM group compared with the C/AOM group (P < 0·05). Comparison of similarity coefficients showed variability of colonic microbiota species between the different groups. In addition, we showed inter-individual variability within the same group. This similarity was affected by BR and AOM. The present results show that bifidobacteria numbers were lower in rats fed the BR diet compared with those fed the C diet. However, the number of enterobacteria in colonic content was increased (P < 0·05) in the BR group compared with the C group. The results from the present study show that the DF of BR reduced the incidence of AOM-induced ACF and increased microbiota biodiversity.

Catalyst-Free Click Chemistry for Engineering Chondroitin Sulfate-Multiarmed PEG Hydrogels for Skin Tissue Engineering.

The quest for an ideal biomaterial perfectly matching the microenvironment of the surrounding tissues and cells is an endless challenge within biomedical research, in addition to integrating this with a facile and sustainable technology for its preparation. Engineering hydrogels through click chemistry would promote the sustainable invention of tailor-made hydrogels. Herein, we disclose a versatile and facile catalyst-free click chemistry for the generation of an innovative hydrogel by combining chondroitin sulfate (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Various multi-armed PEG-Norbornene (A-PEG-N) with different molecular sizes were investigated to generate crosslinked copolymers with tunable rheological and mechanical properties. The crosslinked and mechanically stable porous hydrogels could be generated by simply mixing the two clickable Tetrazine-CS (TCS) and A-PEG-N components, generating a self-standing hydrogel within minutes. The leading candidate (TCS-8A-PEG-N (40 kD)), based on the mechanical and biocompatibility results, was further employed as a scaffold to improve wound closure and blood flow in vivo. The hydrogel demonstrated not only enhanced blood perfusion and an increased number of blood vessels, but also desirable fibrous matrix orientation and normal collagen deposition. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of the hydrogel to improve wound repair and hold promise for in situ skin tissue engineering applications.

Familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency: If so rare, why so frequent in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil?

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), an enzyme that participates in lipoprotein metabolism, plays an important role in cholesterol homeostasis. Mutations in the LCAT gene can cause two rare genetic disorders: familial LCAT deficiency (FLD), which is characterized by corneal opacities, normocytic anemia, dyslipidemia, and proteinuria progressing to chronic renal failure, and fish-eye disease (FED), which causes dyslipidemia and progressive corneal opacities. Herein, we report six suspected cases of FLD in the backlands of Piauí, located in northeast Brazil. A genetic diagnosis was performed in index cases. Among these, a further investigation was performed to identify new cases in the families. In addition, molecular analyses were performed to verify the levels of consanguinity within families and the existence of a genetic relationship between them. All six index cases were confirmed as FLD with an identical mutation (c.803G > A, p.R268H). The genetic investigation confirmed another 7 new cases of FLD, 52 heterozygous and 6 individuals without mutations. The rate of consanguinity revealed that marriages within the family did not contribute to the high number of FLD cases within the restricted region. The elders of each family (patriarchs and matriarchs) were subjected to a kinship analysis and were more genetically related to each other than the control group. Bayesian analysis was implemented to confirm the hypothesis of connectivity among patriarchs and matriarchs and indicated that they were genetically more related to each other than would be randomly expected, thus suggesting the occurrence of a possible founder effect in these families.

pHLA3D: Updating the database of predicted three-dimensional structures of HLA with HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and HLA-DP molecules.

To improve the availability of three-dimensional (3D) structures of HLA molecules, we created the pHLA3D database. In its first version, we modeled and published 106 3D structures of HLA class I molecules from the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci. This paper presents an update of this database, providing more 127 3D structures of HLA class II molecules (41 DR, 42 DQ, and 44 DP), predicted via homology modeling with MODELLER and SWISS-MODEL. These new 3D structures of HLA class II molecules are now freely available at pHLA3D (www.phla3d.com.br) for immunologists and other researchers working with HLA molecules.

[Equine-assisted therapy, health and sports: figurations of the practice in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, 1970-2000]. / Equoterapia, saúde e esporte: figurações da prática no Rio Grande do Sul, 1970-2000.

Based on the theoretical assumptions of Norbert Elias, we sought to understand the figurations of equine-assisted therapy in Rio Grande do Sul from 1970 to 2000. To this end, the research corpus consisted of official documents, newspapers and magazines. Based on the concept of figuration, the documentation analyzed demonstrated technical-scientific elements linked to the fields of healthcare, education and horseback riding, coming from equestrianism and shared in the practice of equine-assisted therapy. The interrelations established between these different areas allowed the practice to take on attributes and representations emanating from the equestrian world. Thus, other figurations were developed in the field of equine-assisted therapy involving relationships between military and civil entities.

Com base nos pressupostos teóricos de Norbert Elias, objetivou-se compreender as figurações da equoterapia no Rio Grande do Sul no período demarcado entre 1970 e 2000. Para tanto, o corpus documental da pesquisa foi composto por documentos oficiais, jornais e revistas. A partir do conceito de figuração, a documentação analisada evidenciou elementos técnico-científicos, acoplados às áreas da saúde, educação e equitação, provenientes do hipismo e compartilhados na prática da equoterapia. As inter-relações estabelecidas entre essas áreas possibilitaram que tal prática congregasse atributos e representações emanadas do cenário hípico. Assim, constituíram-se outras figurações no campo da equoterapia, envolvendo relações entre entidades que congregavam militares e civis.

PREPUBERTAL GYNECOMASTIA: A RARE MANIFESTATION OF MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY TYPE 1.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of bilateral gynecomastia in a prepubertal boy with autism spectrum disorder, diagnosed with myotonic dystrophy type 1. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 12-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder presented at a follow-up visit with bilateral breast growth. There was a family history of gynecomastia, cataracts at a young age, puberty delay, and myotonic dystrophy type 1. The physical examination showed that he had bilateral gynecomastia with external genitalia Tanner stage 1. Neurologic examination was regular, without demonstrable myotonia. The analytical study revealed increased estradiol levels and estradiol/testosterone ratio. After excluding endocrine diseases, the molecular study of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase gene confirmed the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1. COMMENTS: A diagnosis of prepubertal gynecomastia should include an investigation for possible underlying diseases. This case report highlights the importance of considering the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1 in the presence of endocrine and neurodevelopmental manifestations.

Hyperglycemia in pediatric age: could it be maturity onset diabetes of the young? Case reports and review of the literature.

Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) includes a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diabetes subtypes with MODY-2 being the second most prevalent form. We report 2 cases of MODY-2 identified during the investigation of asymptomatic hyperglycemia. A 12-year-old girl with a familiar history of diabetes (mother, maternal aunt, and maternal grandfather) was referred due to hypercholesterolemia, abnormal fasting glucose (114 mg/dL), and increased levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (6%) presenting with negative ß-cell antibodies. A glucokinase (GCK) heterozygous missense mutation c.364C>T (p.Leu122Phe) in exon 4 was identified in the index patient and in the 3 family members. An obese 9-year-old boy was investigated for elevated fasting glycemic levels (99-126 mg/dL), HbA1c rise (6.6%-7.6%), and negative ß-cell antibodies. The patient's father, paternal aunt, and paternal grandfather had a history of diabetes during their childhood. A GCK heterozygous missense mutation c.698G>A (p.Cys233Tyr) in exon 7 was identified in the index patient. This variant was only described in another family strongly affected by both MODY and classic autoimmune mediated diabetes, contrary to our case. MODY-2 should be suspected in the presence of early onset of persistent mild fasting hyperglycemia and negative ß-cell antibodies associated with a positive family history of diabetes. These cases illustrate the challenging aspects of MODY diagnosis due to possible phenotypic overlap with other types of diabetes. The diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion and GCK genetic screening should be performed in the presence of compatible features. An early diagnosis allows for appropriate management, genetic counselling, and the identification of affected family members.

IBUPROFEN-INDUCED ASEPTIC MENINGITIS: A CASE REPORT.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a male adolescent with the diagnosis of ibuprofen-induced meningitis. We discuss themain causes of drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM) and highlight the importance of early recognition of DIAM, sothat the offending drug can be withdrawn, and recurrences prevented. Only few DIAM cases have been reported in pediatric age. CASE DESCRIPTION: A healthy 15-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with headache, nausea, dizziness, fever, conjunctival hyperemia and blurred vision 30 minutes after ibuprofen-intake. During his stay, he developed emesis and neck stiffness. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis excluded infectious causes, and DIAM was considered. He totally recovered after drug withdrawal. COMMENTS: DIAM is a rare entity, that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an aseptic meningitis. The major causative agents are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, particularly ibuprofen. Suspicion is made by the chronologic link between drug intake and the beginning of symptoms, but infectious causes should always be ruled out.

Pandemia da Covid-19: Prática de Lazer entre Professores Brasileiros / Covid-19 pandemic: leisure practice among teachers brazilian

Neste estudo, examinamos as atividades de lazer entre os professores durante a COVID-19, avaliando questões relacionadas ao perfil sociodemográfico e às condições de trabalho. Trata-se de um websurvey transversal, realizado com professores da educação básica pública de Minas Gerais. Foi utilizado um formulário digital para a coleta de dados em 2020. A prática de lazer na pandemia foi a variável dependente. Na análise múltipla, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson. Participaram do estudo 15.641 professores, dos quais 43% não estavam tendo práticas de lazer na pandemia. Houve maior prevalência de ausência da prática de lazer entre as mulheres, entre os idosos, professores pardos e pretos, contratados/designados e insatisfeitos com o trabalho docente na pandemia. Assim, esta pesquisa buscou discutir temas socioculturais, destacando que o acesso às práticas de lazer carece de uma visão social, humana e voltada para a desigualdade.

In this study, we examined leisure activities among teachers during the COVID-19, assessing issues related to sociodemographic profile and working conditions. This is a cross-sectional websurvey, performed with teachers of public basic education of Minas Gerais. A digital form was used to collect data in 2020. Leisure practice in pandemic was the dependent variable. In the multiple analysis, Poisson regression was used. A total of 15,641 teachers participated in the study, of which 43% were not having leisure practices in pandemic. There was a higher prevalence of absence of leisure practice among women, among the elderly, brown and black-skinned teachers, contracted/designated teachers and those not satisfied with teaching work in pandemic. Thus, this research sought to discuss sociocultural topics, highlighting, that access to leisure practices lacks a social, human vision focused on the inequality.

CD77 levels over enzyme replacement treatment in Fabry Disease Family (V269M).

INTRODUCTION: Fabry disease (FD) is a disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding for lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (α-GAL). Reduced α-GAL activity leads to progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), also known as CD77. The recent report of increased expression of CD77 in blood cells of patients with FD indicated that this molecule can be used as a potential marker for monitoring enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CD77 levels throughout ERT in FD patients (V269M mutation). METHODS: We evaluated the fluctuations in PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) membrane CD77 expression in FD patients undergoing ERT and correlated these levels with those observed in different cell types. RESULTS: A greater CD77 expression was found in phagocytes of patients compared to controls at baseline. Interestingly, the variability in CD77 levels is larger in patients at baseline (340 - 1619 MIF) and after 12 months of ERT (240 - 530 MIF) compared with the control group (131 - 331 MFI). Furthermore, by analyzing the levels of CD77 in phagocytes from patients throughout ERT, we found a constant decrease in CD77 levels. CONCLUSION: The increased CD77 levels in the phagocytes of Fabry carriers together with the decrease in CD77 levels throughout ERT suggest that measuring CD77 levels in phagocytes is a promising tool for monitoring the response to ERT in FD.

Para atletas brasileiros(as) retratados(as) nas notícias do comitê paralímpico brasileiro: distanciamento social na pandemia de COVID-19 / Brazilian parathletes represented in brazilian paralympic committee news: social distance in the COVID-19 pandemic / Paratletas brasileños representados en noticias del comité paralímpico brasileño: distancia social en la pandemia COVID-19

Este artigo buscou averiguar os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 no percurso esportivo de Para atletas brasileiros(as) veiculados nas notícias do site do Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro. Foram realizados o levantamento e a catalogação de notícias do site do Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro e, na sequência, procedeu-se à técnica de análise temática de conteúdo das notícias. Evidenciamos os seguintes temas: incertezas quanto aos Jogos Paralímpicos 2020; saudades das relações interpessoais; aproximação com a família; aumento das interações virtuais; prática de exercícios físicos com orientações virtuais; preocupações com o peso corporal; dificuldades com o sono; falta de disposição para treinar em casa; e expectativas quanto ao retorno dos treinos presenciais. Distintas estratégias foram adotadas a fim de mitigar os impactos da pandemia no esporte paralímpico no país.

This article sought to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sporting route of For Brazilian athletes published in the news on the Brazilian Paralympic Committee website. A survey and cataloging of news from the website of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee were carried out and, subsequently, the technique of thematic analysis of news content was carried out. We highlight the following themes: uncertainties about the 2020 Paralympic Games; missing interpersonal relationships; closeness with the family; increase of virtual interactions; practice of physical exercises with virtual guidance; concerns about body weight; sleeping difficulties; lack of willingness to train at home; expectations about the return of in-person training. Different strategies were adopted in order to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic to Paralympic sports in the country.

Este artículo buscó investigar los impactos de la pandemia COVID-19 en la ruta deportiva de los deportistas brasileños publicados en las noticias del sitio web del Comité Paralímpico Brasileño. Se realizó un relevamiento y catalogación de noticias de la página web del Comité Paralímpico Brasileño y, posteriormente, se llevó a cabo la técnica de análisis temático de contenido informativo. Destacamos los siguientes temas: incertidumbres sobre los Juegos Paralímpicos 2020; falta de relaciones interpersonales; cercanía con la familia; aumento de interacciones virtuales; práctica de ejercicios físicos con guía virtual; preocupación por el peso corporal; dificultades con el sueño; falta de voluntad para entrenar en casa; expectativas sobre el regreso del entrenamiento presencial. Se adoptaron diferentes estrategias para mitigar el impacto de la pandemia en el deporte paralímpico del país.

Choice of dialysis modality-clinical and psychosocial variables related to treatment. / Escolha do método dialítico - variáveis clínicas e psicossociais relacionadas ao tratamento.

INTRODUCTION: Among the dialysis modalities, there is a prevalence of hemodialysis (HD). OBJECTIVES: To verify who chooses the dialysis modality and which variables reflect the perception of patients and health care team about treatment. METHODS: The study was conducted at three clinics of HD and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Two hundred and twenty patients participated in the study, of whom 69.5% were on HD and 30.5% on PD. Included voluntary patients on treatment from 90 days to 2 years, with. Of the 54 health workers, 18.5% were doctors, 20.4% nurses and 61.1% nurse technicians: Two questionnaires were applied: one for professionals and one for patients. RESULTS: Most patients had their modality of dialysis chosen by doctors: 76.3%. Most patients rejected a change of treatment in both HD (83%) and PD (92.5%). There was a significant association by PD patients of their modality with greater safety (p = 0.041), well-being (p = 0.002), near normal life (p = 0.002), freedom (p < 0.001) and high-spirits (p = 0.021). HD patients perceive PD as allowing more freedom (p = 0.003), autonomy (p = 0.001) and high spirits (p = 0.019). In assessing the medical and nursing staff for clinical and psychosocial variables, professionals indicated a greater frequency for variables related to quality of life (p = 0.007), psychosocial well-being (p = 0.007) and clinical well-being (p = 0.004) when associated with PD therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of dialysis modality was a decision solely of doctors in 76.3% of cases. PD was considered by the health care team as the best modality therapy with regard to quality of life, clinical and psychosocial well-being.

O divertimento importado: uma colonização cultural no sertão norte-mineiro / Imported amusement: cultural colonization in northern minas gerais's hinterland (sertão) / La diversión importada: una colonización cultural en el sertão del norte de minas gerais

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar o desenvolvimento de aspectos modernos na cidade de Montes Claros, na primeira metade do século XX, localizada no Norte do estado de Minas Gerais, e problematizou as tensões sociais existentes entre a aquisição de novos hábitos e as antigas tradições locais. Foram buscadas informações na imprensa jornalística da época, a partir do periódico Gazeta do Norte, o jornal de maior circulação da cidade de Montes Claros no período de 1918 a 1962. Identificou-se que, no sertão do Brasil do século XX, as diversões se constituíram em meio a tensões entre a tradição e o moderno. Para além disto, o tempo e o espaço locais estabeleceram relações com a formação do binômio trabalho e divertimento em Montes Claros. O advento da modernidade permitiu a apropriação, não sem resistências e tensões, de um conjunto de valores e práticas que se distinguiam das vigentes no ordenamento social até então.

Abstract This study analyzed the development of modern aspects of life in the first half of the 20th century in the city of Montes Claros, northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, and discussed the social tensions between acquisition of new habits and old local traditions. Information was sought from Gazeta do Norte, the most widely read newspaper in the city in 1918-1962. The study found that, in the Brazilian hinterland (known as sertão) of the 20th Century, forms of amusement were created amid tensions between tradition and the modernity. In addition, local time and space have established relations with the work/entertainment binomial in Montes Claros. The advent of modernity allowed appropriation - not without resistance and tensions - of a set of values and practices that were different from those that had prevailed in the social order so far.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de aspectos modernos en la ciudad de Montes Claros, ubicada en el norte del estado de Minas Gerais, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, y problematizó las tensiones sociales existentes entre la adquisición de nuevos hábitos y las antiguas tradiciones locales. Se buscó información en la prensa de la época a partir del periódico Gazeta do Norte, el diario de mayor circulación en la ciudad de Montes Claros en el período de 1918 a 1962. Se identificó que, en el semiárido brasileño del siglo XX, las diversiones se constituyeron en medio a tensiones entre la tradición y la modernidad. Además, el tiempo y el espacio locales establecieron relaciones con la formación del binomio trabajo y entretenimiento en Montes Claros. El advenimiento de la modernidad permitió la apropiación, no sin resistencias y tensiones, de un conjunto de valores y prácticas que se diferenciaban de las imperantes en el orden social hasta entonces.

Brazil's participation in the 1936 olympic games in Berlin: internal conflicts among groups / A participação do Brasil nos jogos olímpicos de 1936, em Berlim: conflitos internos entre grupos / La participación de Brasil en los juegos olímpicos de Berlín de 1936: conflictos internos entre grupos

Abstract The research investigates Brazil's participation in the 1936 Olympic Games, in particular the case of Brazilian rower Fritz Richter, who did not take part in rowing competitions in Berlin, even though he was part of the delegation organized by the Brazilian Confederation of Sports (CBD). The information about Brazil's participation came from newspaper and magazine reports. The interpretation of the sources revealed that the decision about participating in the Olympics was marked by conflicts that ended up with two delegations representing the country in the event. This culminated in the selection of Brazilian athletes in German territory. In that context, there were other conflicts, not only during the Brazilian delegations' stay in Berlin but also when they returned to Brazil. Such events indicate that Brazilian Olympic sports in the 1930s were experiencing incipient times.

Resumo A pesquisa investiga a participação do Brasil nas Olimpíadas de 1936, em particular, o caso do remador brasileiro Fritz Richter, que não disputou competições de remo em Berlim, embora tenha feito parte da delegação organizada pela Confederação Brasileira de Desportos (CBD). As informações sobre a participação brasileira vieram de reportagens de jornais e revistas. A interpretação das fontes revelou que a decisão da participação do Brasil nos Jogos Olímpicos foi marcada por conflitos, afetando o envio de duas delegações para representar o país no evento. Esse fato culminou na seleção de atletas brasileiros em território alemão. Nessa conjuntura, ocorreram outros conflitos, não apenas durante a permanência das delegações brasileiras em Berlim, mas quando retornaram ao país. Tais eventos indicam que o esporte olímpico brasileiro na década de 1930 vivia um momento incipiente.

Resumen Este trabajo investiga la participación de Brasil en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1936, en particular, el caso del remero brasileño Fritz Richter, quien no disputó pruebas de remo en Berlín, pese a formar parte de la delegación organizada por la Confederación Brasileña de Deportes (CBD). Las informaciones sobre la participación brasileña provienen de reportajes de periódicos y revistas. La interpretación de las fuentes reveló que la decisión sobre la participación de Brasil en los Juegos Olímpicos estuvo marcada por conflictos, llevando al envío de dos delegaciones para representar al país en el evento. Este hecho culminó en la selección de atletas brasileños en territorio alemán. En esa coyuntura, hubo otros conflictos, no solo durante la estadía de las delegaciones brasileñas en Berlín, sino cuando éstas regresaron al país. Tales eventos indican que el deporte olímpico brasileño en la década de 1930 se encontraba en un estado incipiente.

Podocyturia in Fabry disease.

INTRODUCTION: Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder due to abnormalities in the GLA gene (Xq22). Such changes result in the reduction/absence of activity of the lysosome enzyme α-GAL, whose function is to metabolize globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Renal disease is a major clinical outcome of the accumulation of Gb3. Podocyte injury is thought to be a major contributor to the progressive loss of the renal function and may be found altered even before the onset of microalbuminuria. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to quantify the urinary excretion of podocytes in Fabry disease patients (V269M, n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 40), and to correlate podocyturia with the variables gender, age, time of therapy and albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR). METHODS: Urinary podocytes were stained using immunofluorescence to podocalyxin and DAPi. The number of podocalyxin-positive cells was quantified and the average number was taken (normal range 0-0.6 podocytes/mL). RESULTS: The average number of podocytes in the urine of Fabry disease patients was significantly higher than in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). We observed a positive correlation between podocyturia and ACR (p = 0.004; (r2 = 0.6417). We found no correlation between podocyturia and gender, age or duration of therapy. CONCLUSION: Podocyturia is an important parameter in the assessment of renal disease in general, and it may serve as an additional early tool for monitoring Fabry disease nephropathy even before changes in ACR are seen. This may prove to be a useful tool to assess disease progression in patients expected to have a more aggressive phenotype.