Psychiatric Nursing in Integrated Wards Accommodating Both Female and Male Patients: A Historic Pioneering Reform Initiative Implemented by the Institute of Psychiatry, a Unit of the Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.

The purpose of this research is to analyze aspects of the sexuality of people with mental disorders, an issue that influenced nursing care in the mixed nursing wards of the Institute of Psychiatry at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro between 1996-2002. A qualitative Historical Social Study methodology used written and oral texts that were analyzed drawing on Michel Foucault's ideas about sexuality. Results of the study indicate that a rupture occurred in the distribution model according to gender at the Psychiatric Hospitalization Unit. This, in turn, influenced nursing care. From this study, we conclude that accommodating patients in mixed wards better facilitates the psychosocial rehabilitation process and changes nursing teams' conceptions about the sexuality of people with mental disorders.

[Discourses on the nursing and psychiatric nurse models, published in the Annals of Nursing (1933-1951)]. / Discursos sobre os modelos de enfermagem e de enfermeira psiquiátrica nos Annaes de Enfermagem (1933-1951).

Social-historical study aimed at discussing the nursing and psychiatric nurse models, from the discourses published in the Annals of Nursing.The historical sources were articles published in the Annals of Nursing journal, from 1933 to 1951. An analysis of the discourse was subsidized by the genealogy of power by Michel Foucault.The analysis showed that the discourse on nursing and the psychiatric nurse, in the first half of the 20th century, is set, on one side, by the propositions used by psychiatrists, who sought to reiterate stereotypes and vocations to practice nursing, and, on the other side, by the active participation of nurses seeking to legitimize expertise for psychiatric nursing. It was concluded that the discourses analyzed defined a psychiatric care focused on the nurse and not the rest of the nursing staff, at that time.

Medication Non-adherence in Depression: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis.

OBJECTIVE: Medication non-adherence is frequently reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this review is to consolidate data on the prevalence of non-adherence to antidepressant in MDD. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO under the number CRD42021199987. Studies assessing medication adherence in MDD were searched in PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL (The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and PsycINFO. The data extraction was performed by two independents authors. Meta-analysis used random effects model and performed a subgroup analysis. RESULTS: From the articles retrieved, eleven studies were considered eligible for the final analysis. Most of them assessed non-adherence by self-report scales, followed by Pharmacy Dispensation Records, Monitoring Events Medication System (MEMS) and blood tests. The pooled proportion of non-adherence was 42% (95% IC 30%-54%), but heterogeneity was very large (I2=99%). CONCLUSION: Data from the selected studies suggests that a high number of individuals with MDD do not adequately take their medication as prescribed. The high heterogenicity of measures used for the assessment of adherence may have impacted the great variability of the results. The results suggest it is necessary that health care professionals should address this issue in order to achieve a better treatment outcome in major depression.

Influence of bovine sperm DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress on early embryo in vitro development outcome.

Sperm chromatin fragmentation may be caused by a number of factors, the most significant of which is reactive oxygen species. However, little is known about the effect of sperm oxidative stress (OS) on DNA integrity, fertilization, and embryonic development in cattle. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of sperm OS susceptibility on the DNA fragmentation rate and in vitro embryo production (IVP) in a population of bulls. Groups of cryopreserved sperm samples were divided into four groups, based on their susceptibility to OS (G1, low OS; G2, average OS; G3, high OS; and G4, highest OS). Our results demonstrated that the sperm DNA integrity was compromised in response to increased OS susceptibility. Furthermore, semen samples with lower susceptibility to OS were also less susceptible to DNA damage (G1, 4.06%; G2, 6.09%; G3, 6.19%; and G4, 6.20%). In addition, embryo IVP provided evidence that the embryo cleavage rate decreased as the OS increased (G1, 70.18%; G2, 62.24%; G3, 55.85%; and G4, 50.93%), but no significant difference in the blastocyst rate or the number of blastomeres was observed among the groups. The groups with greater sensitivity to OS were also associated with a greater percentage of apoptotic cells (G1, 2.6%; G2, 2.76%; G3, 5.59%; and G4, 4.49%). In conclusion, we demonstrated that an increased susceptibility to OS compromises sperm DNA integrity and consequently reduces embryo quality.

COVID-19: Understanding the impact of anti-hypertensive drugs and hydroxychloroquine on the ACE1 and ACE2 in lung and adipose tissue in SHR and WKY rats.

Hypertensive individuals taking anti-hypertensive drugs from renin-angiotensin system inhibitors may exhibit a more severe evolution of the disease when contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19 disease) due to potential increases in ACE2 expression. The study investigated ACE1 and ACE2 axes and hydroxychloroquine in the lungs and adipose tissue of male and female normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs were treated with losartan (10 mg/kg/day) or captopril (10 mg/kg/day) for 14 days or 7 days with hydroxychloroquine (200 mg/kg/day) in drinking water. WKY rats were also treated for 7 days with hydroxychloroquine. Blood pressure (BP), protein, and mRNA expression of ACE1 and ACE2 were analyzed in serum, adipose, and lung tissues. Losartan and captopril reduced BP in both sexes in SHR, whereas hydroxychloroquine increased BP in WKY rats. Losartan reduced ACE2 in serum and lungs in both sexes and in adipose tissue of male SHRs. Captopril decreased ACE2 protein in the lung of females and in adipose tissue in both sexes of SHRs. Hydroxychloroquine decreased ACE1 and ACE2 proteins in the lungs in both sexes and adipose tissue in male SHRs. In female WKY rats, ACE2 protein was lower only in the lungs and adipose tissue. Losartan effectively inhibited ACE2 in male and captopril in female SHRs. Hydroxychloroquine inhibited ACE2 in male SHRs and female WKY rats. These results further our understanding of the ACE2 mechanism in patients under renin-angiotensin anti-hypertensive therapy and in many trials using hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment and potential sex differences in response to drug treatment.

Professional identity of nurses in pandemic times: new/old challenges reproduced in news media.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze aspects related to the professional identity of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic usingnews media as a source. METHOD: Qualitative, and retrospective document study with 51 reports from Folha de São Paulo from March to December 2020. Data was organized using ATLAS.ti, with Thematic Content Analysis and discussion from the theoretical perspective of Claude Dubar. RESULTS: Three categories were formed: Identity captured by the images reflected on the text; The identity symbolized by the support of nurses to those who need care; and The identity symbolized by the support of nurses to those who need care. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that the image of nurses is still mistakenly apprehended, the way they provide care, their commitment to the population, and their scientific mindedness ensured visibility and enabled a more empowered and secure identity for their role in society.

Gender diversity and syphilis: something's going on?

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the influence of syphilis among people with sexual and gender diversity, different from the binary dimension. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted as a method to address the objective of the study, based on the Dialectical Structural Model of Care (DSM), to obtain the phenomenon from the perspective of cultural history. Results: In this review the analysis of 129 documents, of which 22 texts were used. The construction of sex and gender in Western civilization is based on the Judeo-Christian tradition, which permitted many people throughout history to be persecuted and mistreated for living a lifestyle different from that dictated by religious and traditional canons. Therefore, throughout history, gender-diverse people, sexual minorities, and prostitutes have suffered segregation, mockery, aggression, and health problems, including syphilis. Conclusions: Despite having a treatment and cure, syphilis has stood the test of time and has remained a secret pathology that is obscure and difficult to detect disease, which is still very much present in people of all social classes. It is necessary to review history to understand the reasons why syphilis is still prevalent in different societies today.

Organizational politics and professional struggles in nursing.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the professional struggles between nursing organizational entities, in Rio de Janeiro, during the Regional Nursing Council's electoral process (1990-1993 administration). METHOD: historical study. We used journalistic articles, normative documents, legislation and semi-structured interviews with five nursing professionals who participated in this process. Interpretation of findings was supported by Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, capital, and symbolic power. RESULTS: Electoral Code changes of the aforementioned council, under the influence of administration (1987-1990), candidate for re-election, influenced the disclosure and eligibility criteria, making it difficult for broad participation, especially of Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Rio de Janeiro Section. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: nursing, in this period, generated a field of disputes related to positions of power and gender, which was evidenced in the electoral process studied, which highlighted using limiting strategies by a group, making it difficult for the entire category to participate.

Effects of different cryopreservation methods on post-thaw culture conditions of in vitro produced bovine embryos.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation protocols on subsequent development of in vitro produced bovine embryos under different culture conditions. Expanded in vitro produced blastocysts (n = 600) harvested on days 7-9 were submitted to controlled freezing [slow freezing group: 10% ethylene glycol (EG) for 10 min and 1.2°C/min cryopreservation]; quick-freezing [rapid freezing group: 10% EG for 10 min, 20% EG + 20% glycerol (Gly) for 30 s]; or vitrification [vitrification group: 10% EG for 10 min, 25% EG + 25% Gly for 30 s] protocols. Control group embryos were not exposed to cryoprotectant or cryopreservation protocols and the hatching rate was evaluated on day 12 post-insemination. In order to evaluate development, frozen-thawed embryos were subjected to granulosa cell co-culture in TCM199 or SOFaa for 4 days. Data were analyzed by PROC MIXED model using SAS Systems for Windows®. Values were significant at p < 0.05. The hatching rate of the control group was 46.09%. In embryos cultured in TCM199, slow freezing and vitrification group hatching rates were 44.65 ± 5.94% and 9.43 ± 6.77%, respectively. In embryos cultured in SOFaa, slow freezing and vitrification groups showed hatching rates of 11.65 ± 3.37 and 8.67 ± 4.47%, respectively. In contrast, the rapid freezing group embryos did not hatch, regardless of culture medium. The slow freezing group showed higher hatching rates than other cryopreservation groups. Under such conditions, controlled freezing (1.2°C/min) can be an alternative to cryopreservation of in vitro produced bovine embryos.

Remote consultation with people with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze subjective experiences related to adaptation to remote care by users with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted with users of an eating disorders outpatient clinic. A semi-structured remote interview was applied using the Google Meet application. The data were submitted to lexical analysis using ALCESTE software and discussed in the light of scientific evidence. RESULTS: the remote appointment is a positive strategy but not a substitute for the face-to-face modality. The research cited financial savings, closer contact with professionals, and flexibility of service schedules as advantages. It pointed out the difficulty in clinical evaluation concerning weight, vital signs, and poor mastery of technology as limitations. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the study induces discussion about the systematization of remote care, which, during the COVID-19 pandemic, were responsible for providing a greater sense of support to people with eating disorders.

Ethel Parsons' biographical characteristics: leadership in American and Brazilian nursing.

OBJECTIVE: to reconstruct Ethel Parsons' biographical aspects in the centenary of the technical cooperation mission for nursing development in Brazil. METHOD: biographical research, carried out using the historical sources analysis method, which consists of reading and interpreting the collected documents. RESULTS: from a renowned family, Ethel Parsons was head of public health services and worked for the American Red Cross before being appointed to coordinate the Rockefeller Foundation mission in Brazil, where she inaugurated the Anglo-American model of nursing. For ten years, Parsons dedicated herself to leading such a mission, which resulted in implementation and dissemination, by decree, of the Anglo-American model of nursing. In 1931, she returned to her country, where she died in 1953. CONCLUSION: Ethel Parsons stood out in the 20th century as a woman and a nurse, leading public health care services in the USA and Brazil. Her biography demonstrates an ideal of professionalization and science to be conquered by nursing in the care and educational scenario, which influenced the design of a collective identity for Brazilian nursing.

Convergent care research and its qualification as scientific research.

OBJECTIVES: to highlight the main attributes of Convergent Care Research that ratify it as a method of scientific research. Methods: it is a theoretical-reflective study on Convergent Care Research's theoretical-methodological assumptions. Development: Convergent Care Research is compatible with the Social Constructionism paradigm. Convergent Care Research projects have two approaches: practical and conceptual. The Convergent Care Research process corpus contains five phases: conception; instrumentation; scrutiny; analysis and theorizing. Final Considerations: Convergent Care Research rigor encompasses the relationship between research and care practice, and this corresponds to the convergence of these two dimensions. Due to its theoretical foundation and criteria of methodological rigor, Convergent Care Research is aligned with scientific research methods.

The light of Florence Nightingale in the care for COVID-19 patients in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contributions of Florence Nightingale`s care model in the COVID- 19 pandemic. METHOD: Reflection that addresses her theoretical model and its validity in this pandemic, using interpretative research methods and limiting nursing care to primary care. RESULTS: Some pandemics that have caused great impact in humanity are reviewed throughout history; the evolution of nursing care in relation to pandemics is studied; the genesis of community nursing is considered, and Nightingale's care model is reviewed in COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Florence Nightingale's thinking withstands the passage of time and, today, as the COVID-19 pandemic rages across the planet, her concept of holistic care and her idea of the art of nursing take on special significance by considering the context involving patients, families and communities.

Working conditions of a nursing team in mental health facility.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze how the nursing team from a Psychosocial Care Center II relates its insertion in the service with the work process. METHODS: Descriptive, analytical research outlined as a case study with a qualitative approach. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nursing professionals and went through content analysis subsidized by Bardin's work. RESULTS: Two thematic categories emerged: a) Ways of intake in the nursing services at the Psychosocial Care Center; b) Setbacks in nursing routine at the Psychosocial Care Center. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The fact that the professionals have not planned to work in mental health nor have training impacts the rhythm of psychosocial care development at the Psychosocial Care Center, forcing them to seek training in the field after admission. Unmotivated by the working conditions, the nursing team suffers from the absence of an interdisciplinary partnership and goes to great lengths to approach psychosocial care.

Historicity of nursing graduate studies in Brazil: an analysis of the Sociology of the Professions.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the scientific productions about the history of graduate studies in Brazilian nursing in the light of Eliot Freidson's Sociology of the Professions. METHODS: an integrative review, carried out in the databases indexed in Virtual Health Library. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations were followed. Thematic content analysis and Eliot Freidson's concepts were adopted. RESULTS: two categories emerged: "Institutionalization of graduate courses in Brazilian nursing", highlighting the historical process of professionalization in nursing through transition from empirical to professional care, subsidized by the monopoly of the construction of one's own knowledge; "The scientific production of graduate nursing in Brazil", showing the strengthening of a new generation of nurse researchers, given the greater scientificity in teaching due to implementation of graduate studies. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the analyzes present the historicity of graduate studies' institutionalization, supporting the understanding of professionalization outlines of Brazilian nursing.

The Florence Nightingale's nursing theoretical model: a transmission of knowledge.

OBJECTIVE: To reflect on the contribution of Florence Nightingale in the ​​health and nursing areas based on her epistemological legacy. METHOD: Reflection in which Florence Nightingale's nursing theoretical model is approached, trying to show how her family, training, social and cultural concepts influenced the formal construction of care. RESULTS: Florence Nightingale's vocation, profession and legacy stand out as faithful expressions of her thoughts for the professional constitution of the nurse. Responsible for the care of people with a strong humanitarian characteristic. CONCLUSIONS: It is not possible to unravel nursing care today from Nightingale's thinking. This represents the power of a lifetime dedicated to the profession.

Professional Autonomy as Centrality in Best Practices in Nursing.

OBJECTIVES: to reflect on professional, user and family autonomy as a centrality in Best Practices in nursing in Brazil. METHODS: this is a theoretical-reflective study. RESULTS: from a retrospective look at the creation and evolution of nursing autonomy in its knowledge and care practices, it exposes the use of autonomy in nursing care and foster the participation of the user and his family as the center of Best Practices in nursing. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the text suggests the institutional commitment of health services to the formal postgraduate education of nurses and the prospect of more autonomy and quality for the expression of Best Practices in nursing.

Essential characteristics of a profession: A historical analysis focusing on the nursing process.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze knowledge/expertise, autonomy and professional status in the ways of practicing nursing in implementation of the Nursing Process in a University Hospital in Southern Brazil. METHOD: A qualitative socio-historical study using thematic oral history as a method and technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with care nurses and professors. The Content Analysis technique was used in the analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen (14) care nurses and professors participated. Knowledge/expertise were pointed out as the main contributions in implementing the Nursing Process. Professional status emerged as recognition of technical and scientific competence of nurses by health staff and users. Autonomy was expressed as being able to decide on their conduct and linked to knowledge, commitment and professional identity. CONCLUSION: The Nursing Process is a way of exercising the profession based on knowledge and expertise with autonomy, and enables achieving status, reinforcing professional recognition.

Evidence of nursing patterns of knowing communicated by the brazilian press before Florence Nightingale's model.

OBJECTIVE: to identify evidence of nursing patterns of knowing disseminated by the Brazilian press before the implementation of Florence Nightingale's model in Brazil and categorize topics of journalistic articles according to Carper's and White's patterns of knowing. METHODS: categorical content analysis of materials related to Florence Nightingale, published in Brazil between 1850 and 1919, collected at Hemeroteca Digital. Four analysts identified themes of journalistic article, performing classification in patterns of knowing. RESULTS: there was a predominance of evidence of the sociopolitical pattern followed by the empirical pattern. In the analyses per decade, ethical and aesthetic patterns showed predominance between 1860 and 1870, respectively. CONCLUSION: White's classification by nursing patterns of knowing was useful in understanding precursor themes of professional/disciplinary knowledge that spread in Brazil, linked to Nightingale's character, in addition to the repercussions of her actions and her expanded sociopolitical perspective.

Militancy of nurses in the institutionality field: printed media versions.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze nurses' professional militancy in the institutionality field, presented by the printed media from Bahia State in the 1970s and 1980s. METHODS: a historical and qualitative research under Social History's perspective, whose data source was the newspaper A Tarde. The temporal cut-off encompasses milestones such as professional body restructuring and creation. RESULTS: the Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem democratization movement was reported in a superficial way, highlighting the struggle for power spaces. With respect to Conselhos Federal e Regional de Enfermagem daBahia, the newspaper notified creation and function of bodies, however, there was no visibility to the newspaper's performance. Concerning the union, there was political fragility of nurses against the creation and union participation in the fight for labor rights. Final Considerations: organization of political action occurred from isolated groups mobilization of professionals who were already traveling in political spaces, not the large mass of professionals.