RESUMO
A segment of Triticum militinae chromosome 7G harbors a gene(s) conferring powdery mildew resistance which is effective at both the seedling and the adult plant stages when transferred into bread wheat (T. aestivum). The introgressed segment replaces a piece of wheat chromosome arm 4AL. An analysis of segregating materials generated to positionally clone the gene highlighted that in a plant heterozygous for the introgression segment, only limited recombination occurs between the introgressed region and bread wheat 4A. Nevertheless, 75 genetic markers were successfully placed within the region, thereby confining the gene to a 0.012 cM window along the 4AL arm. In a background lacking the Ph1 locus, the localized rate of recombination was raised 33-fold, enabling the reduction in the length of the region containing the resistance gene to a 480 kbp stretch harboring 12 predicted genes. The substituted segment in the reference sequence of bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring is longer (640 kbp) and harbors 16 genes. A comparison of the segments' sequences revealed a high degree of divergence with respect to both their gene content and nucleotide sequence. Of the 12 T. militinae genes, only four have a homolog in cv. Chinese Spring. Possible candidate genes for the resistance have been identified based on function predicted from their sequence.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Resistência à Doença/genética , Genes de Plantas , Loci Gênicos , Variação Genética , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Triticum/genética , Triticum/microbiologia , Pão , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Triticum/imunologiaRESUMO
Introgression of several genomic loci from tetraploid Triticum militinae into bread wheat cv. Tähti has increased resistance of introgression line 8.1 to powdery mildew in seedlings and adult plants. In our previous work, only a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 4AL of the line 8.1 contributed significantly to resistance, whereas QTL on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 5A and 5B were detected merely on a suggestive level. To verify and characterize all QTLs in the line 8.1, a mapping population of double haploid lines was established. Testing for seedling resistance to 16 different races/mixtures of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici revealed four highly significant non-race-specific resistance QTL including the main QTL on chromosome 4AL, and a race-specific QTL on chromosome 5B. The major QTL on chromosome 4AL (QPm.tut-4A) as well as QTL on chromosome 5AL and a newly detected QTL on 7AL were highly effective at the adult stage. The QPm.tut-4A QTL accounts on average for 33-49 % of the variation in resistance in the double haploid population. Interactions between the main QTL QPm.tut-4A and the minor QTL were evaluated and discussed. A population of 98 F(2) plants from a cross of susceptible cv. Chinese Spring and the line 8.1 was created that allowed mapping the QPm.tut-4A locus to the proximal 2.5-cM region of the introgressed segment on chromosome 4AL. The results obtained in this work make it feasible to use QPm.tut-4A in resistance breeding and provide a solid basis for positional cloning of the major QTL.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/patogenicidade , Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Genes de Plantas , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Triticum/genética , Pão , Cruzamento , Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Cromossomos de Plantas/metabolismo , Cruzamentos Genéticos , DNA de Plantas/genética , Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Marcadores Genéticos , Haploidia , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Repetições de Microssatélites , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Plântula/microbiologiaRESUMO
In the progeny of a cross between the common wheat cultivar Tähti and Triticum militinae, a member of the timopheevii group of tetraploid wheats, several hybrid lines were selected that are characterized by improved seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to powdery mildew. An F2 single-seed descendant mapping population segregating for seedling resistance and APR to powdery mildew was analysed for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL). The main QTL responsible for APR was detected on the long arm of chromosome 4A tightly linked to the Xgwm160 locus on a T. militinae translocation explaining up to 54% of phenotypic variance. The same translocation influenced seedling resistance to powdery mildew upon inoculation of plants with a synthetic population of Blumeria graminis DC. f. sp. tritici, and explained 28-33% of the phenotypic variance.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/patogenicidade , Quimera/genética , Imunidade Inata/genética , Esporos Fúngicos , Triticum/genética , Triticum/microbiologia , Ascomicetos/classificação , Ascomicetos/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Ligação Genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Esporos Fúngicos/classificação , Esporos Fúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Esporos Fúngicos/patogenicidade , Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Genetic studies using monosomic and hybridological analyses had confirmed that resistance of a common wheat line k-15560 to powdery mildew in seedling stage was conditioned by one dominant gene located on chromosome 7B, and resistance in adult stage was controlled by two dominant genes. Cytological analysis of meiosis in the F1 monosomic hybrids has revealed reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 2A/7A. In the F1 monosomic hybrids genes, causing a decrease in pairing were found on chromosomes 3B and 4D, and genes enhancing pairing--on chromosomes 2A and 3A.