Kinetic Profile of Urine Metabolites after Acute Intake of a Phenolic Compounds-Rich Juice of Juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) and Antioxidant Capacity in Serum and Erythrocytes: A Human Study.

The juçara palm tree produces a small spherical and black-purple fruit similar to açaí. It is rich in phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. A clinical trial evaluated the absorption and excretion of the main bioactive compounds in urine and the antioxidant capacity in serum and erythrocytes of 10 healthy subjects after juçara juice intake. Blood samples were collected before (0.0 h) and 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h after a single dose (400 mL) of juçara juice, while urine was collected at baseline and 0-3 and 3-6 h after juice intake. Seven phenolic acids and conjugated phenolic acids were identified in urine deriving from the degradation of anthocyanins: protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, vanillic acid glucuronide, hippuric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and ferulic acid derivative. In addition, kaempferol glucuronide was also found in urine as a metabolite of the parent compound in juçara juice. Juçara juice caused a decrease in the total oxidant status of serum after 0.5 h in comparison to baseline values (p < 0.05) and increased the phenolic acid metabolites excretion. This study shows the relationship between the production of metabolites of juçara juice and the total antioxidant status in human serum, indicating evidence of its antioxidant capacity.

Adherence to the WCRF/AICR for Women in Breast Cancer Adjuvant Treatment submitted to Educational Nutritional Intervention.

Patients undergoing breast cancer treatment are susceptible to changes in eating behavior and nutrition status, thus making nutrition education relevant. Based on the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guide, with recommendations for cancer prevention released in 2007, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of educational nutritional intervention for women with breast cancer undergoing treatment while adhering to the 2007 WCRF/AICR guidelines. A nonrandomized clinical trial was conducted with a population composed of female patients, divided in intervention (IG, n = 18) and comparison (CG, n = 68) groups. Data were evaluated at baseline and after treatment/nutritional intervention. The IG participated in the intervention program for 12 mo by biweekly phone calls, personal meetings, and monthly handouts, while targeting the intake of at least 400 g/day of fruits and vegetables, and no more than 500 g/week of red or processed meats. The recommended adherence to physical activity and food intake was evaluated in compliance with the guidelines. The IG improved their adherence to the guidelines and there was a significant decrease in consumption of animal food (-43.9%) and alcoholic drinks (-0.2 g ethanol/d) and increase in plant food intake (+65.4%). Most women in both groups were sedentary and therefore violated the guidelines. The CG presented an increase in body mass index (+1.0 kg/m2) and waist circumference (+1.9 cm), while no change was observed in the IG. These findings are promising as nutritional intervention for women undergoing breast cancer treatment contributed positively to improving their adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines.

Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) improves time-to-exhaustion cycling performance and increased reduced glutathione: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, and triple-blind study.

To examine the effects of 7-days juçara powder (JP) intake on oxidative stress biomarkers and endurance and sprint cycling performances. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, and triple-blind study, 20 male trained cyclists were assigned to intake 10 g of JP (240 mg anthocyanins) or placebo (PLA) for 7 days and performed a cycling time-to-exhaustion (TTE). A 5 s cycling sprint was performed before and after the cycling TTE. Blood oxidative stress biomarkers and lactate concentration where evaluated 1 h before (T-1), immediately after (T0), and 1 h after (T1) the cycling TTE. The mean duration time for the cycling TTE was 8.4 ± 6.0% (63 ± 17 s) longer in the JP condition (JP: 751 ± 283 s) compared to PLA (688 ± 266 s) (P < 0.019). Two-way repeated measures Analysis of variance showed an increase in the JP condition for reduced glutathione (GSH) (P = 0.049) at T0 (P = 0.039) and T1 (P = 0.029) compared to PLA with a moderate effect size at T0 (d = 0.61) and T1 (d = 0.57). Blood lactate levels increased over time in both conditions (P ≤ 0.001). No differences were observed for the post-TTE sprint fatigue index, total phenols, protein carbonyls, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Seven-day intake of JP improved cycling endurance performance and increased GSH levels but had no effect on lactate and cycling sprint-induced fatigue.

Effects of Euterpe edulis Martius on inflammatory responses to high-intensity intermittent exercise: Crossover randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) may enhance the antiinflammatory status. The juçara fruit juice (JFJ) has well-established antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. This study investigated the effect of JFJ consumption on the inflammatory response to HIIE in physically active subjects. METHODS: In a randomized crossover design, 15 men were assigned to drink 250 mL of either JFJ or water (control) 1 h before a cycling HIIE session (seven sets of 60 s at 100% peak power output; 75 s recovery between sets). Blood samples were obtained before and at 0, 30, and 60 min post-HIIE, and the serum was analyzed for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cortisol. RESULTS: After HIIE, the IL-6 levels were higher than baseline (percent change) at 30 min (P = 0.041) and 60 min (P = 0.038) for the control, but were unaffected by JFJ. IL-10 was higher in the JFJ group than in the control at 30 min (d = â€’0.63). Tumor necrosis factor-α was lower than baseline at 30 min for the control (d = â€’0.71) and at 60 min for the JFJ group (d = â€’0.60). For control, cortisol increased to higher than the baseline at 30 and 60 min (d = 0.54 and d = 0.76, respectively). For the JFJ group, the cortisol levels were significantly higher than the baseline at 30 min (P = 0.022). Performance during sprints was higher in the JFJ group than in the control (P = 0.002). In the control group, performance was with both IL-6 (semipartial correlation; sr = -0.59, large effect size) and cortisol at 0 h (sr = -0.52, large effect size). CONCLUSIONS: JFJ intake attenuated the antiinflammatory response to HIIE, possibly resulting from a lower degree of muscle stress.

Effect of the day and the number of days of application on reproducibility of a questionnaire to assess the food intake in schoolchildren. / Efeito do dia e do número de dias de aplicação na reprodutibilidade de um questionário de avaliação do consumo alimentar de escolares.

INTRODUCTION: The Food Intake and Physical Activity of School Children (Web-CAAFE) is an online questionnaire developed to monitor the diet and physical activity of Brazilian schoolchildren. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the day of the week and the number of applications on Web-CAAFE reproducibility. METHODS: Schoolchildren in grades 2 to 5 of two municipal schools in Florianópolis (n = 197) filled out the Web-CAAFE twice in the same day, of which 113 filled out the instrument in three non-consecutive days. The analysis was performed using the intraclass correlation (ICC) and logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with poor reproducibility. RESULTS: The reproducibility of the questionnaire was significantly lower for children who filled out their consumption mostly on weekends in relation to weekdays (OR = 2.93; p = 0.045), and was significantly better in girls in relation to boys (OR = 0.29; p< 0.001). Higher CCI was observed on the second and third day of Web-CAAFE application in relation to the first day. These results are relevant for planning future studies that use dietary assessment instruments in children, especially on evaluation of their validity and reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that at least two days provides acceptable reproducibility results of the Web-CAAFE and that the weekend recall may reduce the reproducibility.

Validity of body fat percentage through different methods of body composition assessment in elite soccer referees / Validação do percentual de gordura de árbitros de futebol de elite por diferentes métodos de composição corporal

abstract The arbitration exercise in a soccer game requires high physical fitness and all federations apply physical tests to referees, including anthropometric tests, classifying them as fit or not for the role. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the total body fat percentage (%BF) through different evaluation methods of body composition referenced in a four-compartment (4C) model. Cross-sectional study performed in 2018 with 21 elite male referees. %BF was estimated by 4 methods: anthropometry; bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA); Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP). Moreover, three and four-compartment (3 and 4C) models were calculated. Bland-Altman and intraclass correlations (ICC) analysis were performed to determine validity of all methods compared to a 4C reference. The results of one-way ANOVA revealed that there was no significant difference (F=1.541; p=0.182) between %BF analyzed by 4C model (15.98 ± 6.20), anthropometry (mean ± SD, 18.46 ± 7.03), ADP (16.19 ± 6.24), BIA (16.67 ± 5.30), DXA (20.33 ± 6.56) and 3C (16.92 ± 5.53). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that all methods analyzed overestimate %BF compared to the 4C model. The best agreement was obtained from the ADP evaluation (bias=-0.2), followed by BIA (bias=-0.6), 3C (bias=-0.9), anthropometry (bias=-2.4) and DXA (bias=-4.3). Validation assessed by ICC was excellent (ICC≥0.90) in most methods, except for anthropometry (ICC=0.80) and DXA (ICC=0.71). Overall, the results suggest that ADP, BIA and 3C were the best method to %BF evaluation. Nevertheless, anthropometry remains as a feasible method to monitor %BF of elite soccer referees.

resumo A arbitragem no futebol exige alto preparo físico. As federações aplicam testes antropométricos para classificar os árbitros como aptos ou não para a função. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a validade do percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) aferido por meio de diferentes métodos de avaliação referenciado em um modelo de quatro compartimentos (4C). O %GC foi estimado por seis métodos: antropometria; bioimpedância elétrica (BIA); absortometria dupla de raios-X (DXA); pletismografia por deslocamento de ar (ADP); modelo de três e quatro compartimentos (3 e 4C). Bland-Altman e correlações intraclasse (ICC) foram realizadas para determinar a validade de todos os métodos em comparação com o modelo de referência 4C. Os resultados da ANOVA revelaram que não houve diferença significativa (F = 1,541; p = 0,182) entre o %GC analisado pelo modelo 4C (15,98 ± 6,20), antropometria (média ± DP, 18,46 ± 7,03), ADP (16,19 ± 6,24), BIA (16,67 ± 5,30), DXA (20,33 ± 6,56) e 3C (16,92 ± 5,53). Segundo Bland-Altman todos os métodos ​​superestimam o %GC em comparação com o 4C. A melhor concordância foi obtida na ADP (viés= -0,2), seguida da BIA (bias = -0,6), 3C (viés = -0,9), antropometria (viés = -2,4) e DXA (viés = -4,3). O ICC foi excelente (ICC≥0,90) na maioria dos métodos, exceto para antropometria (ICC = 0,80) e DXA (ICC = 0,71). Os resultados sugerem que ADP, BIA e 3C foram os melhores métodos para avaliação do %GC. No entanto, a antropometria continua sendo um método válido para monitorar o %GC.

Nutritional challenges in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic / Desafios nutricionais na saúde de idosos em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19

ABSTRACT It has been documented that the older adults of the population are at the greatest risk of mortality due to the coronavirus disease; consequently, they could be the population most affected by the measures of social isolation and reduction of virus contagion implemented worldwide. Social isolation can expose older adults to an increased nutritional risk due to factors such as socioeconomic insecurity, which could affect food acquisition and the need for support in daily tasks and meals. The institutionalized older adults often depend on food donations, which may have reduced due the economic crisis caused by the pandemic, and the aging process itself causes changes in nutritional necessitie and eating habits. In the coronavirus pandemic, nutritionists and dietitians can offer remote nutritional follow-up. Moreover, the government actions, such as the implementation of educational and social service programs, should be applied to support healthy aging and minimize exposure to nutritional risks and coronavirus disease.

RESUMO Tem sido documentado que os idosos são a população de maior risco para mortalidade por COVID-19. Consequentemente, pode ser a mais afetada pelas medidas de isolamento social e de redução de contágio pelo vírus implementadas em todo o mundo. O isolamento social pode expor os idosos ao risco nutricional aumentado devido a alguns fatores, como: a insegurança socioeconômica, a qual pode afetar a aquisição de alimentos; a necessidade de apoio nas tarefas e nas refeições diárias; a possível redução de doações de alimentos para idosos institucionalizados, em virtude da crise econômica ocasionada pela pandemia; e o próprio processo do envelhecimento, que causa alterações das necessidades nutricionais e do hábito de se alimentar. Contudo, no contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus, nutricionistas podem oferecer acompanhamento nutricional remoto. Além disso, ações governamentais, como a implementação de programas educacionais e de serviço social, devem ser aplicadas para o envelhecimento saudável e para a minimização da exposição ao risco nutricional e à COVID-19.

Educational nutritional intervention program improved the quality of diet of women with breast cancer in adjuvant treatment / Programa de intervenção nutricional educativa melhorou a qualidade da dieta de mulheres com câncer de mama em tratamento adjuvante

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the outcome of an educational nutritional intervention in the quality of diet of women with breast cancer in adjuvant treatment. Methods Women with breast cancer and admitted for surgical treatment were divided in an intervention group (n=18) and a comparison group (n=78), and participated in a nonrandomized clinical trial. Participants were assessed before and after the treatment and/or intervention. A food frequency questionnaire was applied and the quality of diet was calculated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised. The educational nutritional intervention lasted 12 months and was carried out through phone calls twice a month, personal meetings, and monthly handouts. It oriented an intake of at least 400g of vegetables and fruits per day and at most 500g of red/processed meat per week. Results We observed a significant improvement in the diet quality of the intervention group (+5.7). Nutritional education in the intervention group reached its objectives, with a rise in the intake of vegetables and fruits reflecting a significant increase in the score of total fruits (+1.9) and whole fruits (+1.1), and a decrease in the score of meat, eggs, and legumes (-3.3) by means of a reduction in the intake of red/processed meat (p<0.05). Also, a rise in the punctuation of calories from solid fats, alcohol, and added sugar was observed (+5.0, p<0.05) due to lower intake of these components. The comparison group presented no significant differences. Conclusion The nutritional intervention contributed to improving the quality of the diet during breast cancer treatment and possibly altered these women's prognoses.

RESUMO Objetivo O estudo objetivou analisar o impacto de uma intervenção nutricional educativa na qualidade da dieta de mulheres com câncer de mama em tratamento adjuvante. Métodos Mulheres com câncer de mama admitidas para tratamento cirúrgico, divididas em grupo intervenção (n=18) e grupo comparação (n=78), participaram de um ensaio clínico não randomizado. As participantes foram avaliadas antes e após o tratamento e/ou intervenção. Um questionário de frequência alimentar foi aplicado, e a qualidade da dieta foi calculada pelo Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado. A intervenção nutricional educativa ocorreu por meio de ligações quinzenais, encontros presenciais e materiais informativos, durante 12 meses, com orientações visando à ingestão de pelo menos 400g/dia de vegetais e frutas, e não mais que 500g/semana de carne vermelha/processada. Resultados O grupo de intervenção melhorou significativamente a qualidade da dieta (+5,7). Além disso, houve aumento da ingestão de frutas e vegetais, representado por elevação significativa na pontuação de frutas totais (+1,9) e frutas integrais (+1,1) e redução considerável na pontuação de carnes, ovos e leguminosas (-3,3), a qual se deu pela diminuição do consumo de alimentos embutidos e carne bovina (p<0,05). Ainda, observou-se aumento na pontuação do componente que avalia as quilocalorias provenientes das gorduras sólidas, bebidas alcoólicas e açúcar de adição (+5,0, p<0,05) devido ao menor consumo desses alimentos. O grupo comparação não apresentou diferenças significativas. Conclusão A intervenção nutricional contribuiu para melhorar a qualidade da dieta durante o tratamento para câncer de mama e, possivelmente, o prognóstico dessas mulheres.

Efeito do dia e do número de dias de aplicação na reprodutibilidade de um questionário de avaliação do consumo alimentar de escolares / Effect of the day and the number of days of application on reproducibility of a questionnaire to assess the food intake in schoolchildren

RESUMO: Introdução: O questionário de Consumo Alimentar e Atividade Física de Escolares (Web-CAAFE) foi desenvolvido para o monitoramento da dieta e atividade física de escolares brasileiros. Este estudo buscou avaliar o efeito do dia da semana e do número de aplicações na reprodutibilidade do Web-CAAFE. Metodologia: Escolares do 2º ao 5º ano (n = 197) de Florianópolis preencheram o Web-CAAFE por duas vezes no mesmo dia, dos quais 113 o fizeram em três dias não consecutivos. Avaliou-se a reprodutibilidade por meio da correlação intraclasse (CCI) e da regressão logística, para avaliação dos fatores associados à pior reprodutibilidade. Resultados: Observaram-se piores resultados de reprodutibilidade para o preenchimento do consumo nos finais de semana em relação àqueles que responderam em dias da semana (odds ratio - OR = 2,93; p = 0,045) e melhores resultados em meninas em relação aos meninos (OR = 0,29; p < 0,001). O preenchimento do consumo realizado nos segundo e terceiro dias apresentou melhor reprodutibilidade que o realizado no primeiro. Esses resultados são relevantes para o planejamento de futuros estudos que utilizem instrumentos de consumo alimentar em crianças, em especial sobre avaliação de sua validade e reprodutibilidade. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que pelo menos dois dias de aplicação do Web-CAAFE fornecem resultados aceitáveis de reprodutibilidade, e que o preenchimento referente ao fim de semana pode reduzi-la.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The Food Intake and Physical Activity of School Children (Web-CAAFE) is an online questionnaire developed to monitor the diet and physical activity of Brazilian schoolchildren. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the day of the week and the number of applications on Web-CAAFE reproducibility. Methods: Schoolchildren in grades 2 to 5 of two municipal schools in Florianópolis (n = 197) filled out the Web-CAAFE twice in the same day, of which 113 filled out the instrument in three non-consecutive days. The analysis was performed using the intraclass correlation (ICC) and logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with poor reproducibility. Results: The reproducibility of the questionnaire was significantly lower for children who filled out their consumption mostly on weekends in relation to weekdays (OR = 2.93; p = 0.045), and was significantly better in girls in relation to boys (OR = 0.29; p< 0.001). Higher CCI was observed on the second and third day of Web-CAAFE application in relation to the first day. These results are relevant for planning future studies that use dietary assessment instruments in children, especially on evaluation of their validity and reproducibility. Conclusions: The results suggest that at least two days provides acceptable reproducibility results of the Web-CAAFE and that the weekend recall may reduce the reproducibility.