The generation interval and season of birth do not affect age at first calving, birth weight and calving interval of Mozambican Angoni cattle.

The Angoni cattle breed's contribution to the country's economy is crucial, as it significantly contributes to animal draught power and meat supply, despite not being primarily used for milk production. Despite its importance, there is a lack of comprehensive research conducted to characterize this breed. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the generation interval (GI) and season of birth (SB) on key reproductive parameters, including age at first calving (AFC), birth weight (BW), and calving interval (CI) in angoni cattle. Data sourced from the Angónia Research Station (ARS) included records for 425 heifers' AFC, 1684 calves' BW, and 1272 cows' CI. The study calculated overall averages and explored the relationships between generation intervals, the season of birth, and the aforementioned reproductive traits. The mean values for AFC, BW, and CI were determined as 1475.40 days, 18.49 kg, and 634.62 days, respectively. The analysis revealed that both generation interval and season of birth exhibited weak relationships, and their influence did not yield significant effects on the reproductive traits under investigation (P > 0.05). The observed variability ranged from 0.37 to 0.46% for AFC, 0.10-0.01% for BW, and 0.11-0.26% for CI. In conclusion, this study determined that neither generation interval nor birth season significantly affected the age at first calving, birth weight, or calving interval in Angoni cattle.

Colorimetric Chemosensor for Cu2+ and Fe3+ Based on a meso-Triphenylamine-BODIPY Derivative.

Optical chemosensors are a practical tool for the detection and quantification of important analytes in biological and environmental fields, such as Cu2+ and Fe3+. To the best of our knowledge, a BODIPY derivative capable of detecting Cu2+ and Fe3+ simultaneously through a colorimetric response has not yet been described in the literature. In this work, a meso-triphenylamine-BODIPY derivative is reported for the highly selective detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+. In the preliminary chemosensing study, this compound showed a significant color change from yellow to blue-green in the presence of Cu2+ and Fe3+. With only one equivalent of cation, a change in the absorption band of the compound and the appearance of a new band around 700 nm were observed. Furthermore, only 10 equivalents of Cu2+/Fe3+ were needed to reach the absorption plateau in the UV-visible titrations. Compound 1 showed excellent sensitivity toward Cu2+ and Fe3+ detection, with LODs of 0.63 µM and 1.06 µM, respectively. The binding constant calculation indicated a strong complexation between compound 1 and Cu2+/Fe3+ ions. The 1H and 19F NMR titrations showed that an increasing concentration of cations induced a broadening and shifting of the aromatic region peaks, as well as the disappearance of the original fluorine peaks of the BODIPY core, which suggests that the ligand-metal (1:2) interaction may occur through the triphenylamino group and the BODIPY core.

Bioimaging of Lysosomes with a BODIPY pH-Dependent Fluorescent Probe.

Fluorescence-based probes represent a powerful tool for noninvasive imaging of living systems in real time and with a high temporal and spatial resolution. Amongst several known fluorophores, 3-difluoroborodipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives have become a cornerstone for innovative fluorescent labelling applications, mainly due to their advantageous features including their facile synthesis, structural versatility and exceptional photophysical properties. In this context, we report a BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for imaging of lysosomes in living cells. The BODIPY derivative displayed a remarkable fluorescence enhancement at low pH values with a pKa* of 3.1. In vitro studies by confocal microscopy in HeLa cells demonstrated that the compound was able to permeate cell membrane and selectively label lysosome whilst remaining innocuous to the cell culture at the maximum concentration tested. Herein, the BODIPY derivative holds the promise of investigating lysosomal dynamics and function in living cells through fluorescence imaging.

Influence of dietary patterns on the metabolically healthy obesity phenotype: A systematic review.

AIMS: In many individuals (35%) obesity is not accompanied by cardiometabolic disorders, a condition referred to as metabolically healthy obesity. Since the effectiveness of dietary interventions for this condition is not well established, this study reviews the influence of dietary patterns on the phenotype of metabolically healthy obesity in adults and elderly. DATA SYNTHESIS: The review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO. The search was conducted in the MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Science Direct, LILACS, and SciELO databases. A total of 236 articles were identified, seven of which were selected for synthesis after application of the eligibility criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The overall result found out in this synthesis was that the greater adherence to healthy eating patterns was considered a preventive to the transition from metabolically healthy obesity to metabolic unhealthy obese phenotypes, by improving metabolic health, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality from all causes. In contrast, unhealthy eating patterns resulted in increased inflammation and risks of developing noncommunicable diseases. This review indicates that adherence to healthy eating patterns may interfere with metabolic phenotypes of obesity and positively affect metabolically healthy obesity. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number CRD42020159783.

Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods to Weight Gain Recurrence 5 Years After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate evolution of ultra-processed food intake and recurrent weight gain in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is an observational longitudinal study that evaluated patients who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery at four time points: before surgery and at 3, 12, and 60 months after surgery. Anthropometric and dietary intake data were collected through two 24-h dietary recalls. All foods consumed were classified according to degree of processing. Recurrent weight gain was considered the difference between current weight and nadir weight. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 58 patients with a mean age of 38.7 ± 8.9 years and 68% female. After 60 months, mean excess weight loss and recurrent weight gain were 73.6 ± 27.2% and 22.5 ± 17.4%. Calorie and macronutrient intake decreased significantly between the pre-surgery period, and 3 and 12 months post-surgery; however, there was no significant difference after 60 months. In relation to food groups or macronutrients, no difference was observed between the pre-surgery period and 60 months post-surgery. The contribution of unprocessed or minimally processed foods to calorie intake gradually decreased after 3 months post-surgery. CONCLUSION: The profile of dietary intake after 60 months of metabolic and bariatric surgery tends to approach that of the pre-surgery period. The contribution of unprocessed and minimally processed foods to calorie intake decreased after 60 months, while ultra-processed food contribution increased.

Parental Perception of Children's Mental Health During the Pandemic: Insights From an Italian Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: This study explores the impact of the pandemic on children's mental health. It examined the understanding of parents regarding their children's mental condition and their ability to identify issues, 2 years post the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, 507 Italian parents reported on their youngest child aged between 2 and 17, totaling 507 children. The outcomes focused on were parental perception of children's mental health deterioration, scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) above the clinical cut-off, and parental under-recognition of mental health issues. Descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were executed (significance at p < .05). RESULTS: Parents were 88.1% women (median age 41 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 36-47). Their children were 50.3% female [median age 6 years (IQR = 4-11)]. The data revealed 21.1% of parents perceived a deterioration in their children's mental health, while 44.2% had SDQ scores above the cut-off. Parental under-recognition of mental issues was found in 20.1% of cases. Significant correlations were found between parental perception of deterioration, SDQ scores, and factors like parental mental distress and children's sleep issues. IMPLICATIONS: The findings suggest that schools and verified websites can serve as critical conduits for providing parents with reliable information. By promoting early identification and intervention, such mechanisms can help ensure mental health equity for children. CONCLUSIONS: The research highlights the effect of the pandemic on children's mental health and the issue of parental under-recognition. The results underscore the importance of public health initiatives that enhance mental health information accessibility and reliability for parents.

Effectiveness of a two-component nutritional strategy for blood pressure control in individuals with hypertension users of a public health system: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional strategy based on two components and adapted for the public health system on blood pressure, cardiometabolic features, self-care, qualify of life and diet quality in individuals with hypertension. METHODS: NUPRESS was an open-label, parallel-group, superiority randomized controlled clinical trial in which participants at least 21 years with hypertension and poorly controlled blood pressure were randomly assigned (1 : 1 allocation ratio) to either an individualized dietary prescription according to nutritional guidelines (control group, n  = 205); or a two-component nutrition strategy, including a goal-directed nutritional counseling and mindfulness techniques (NUPRESS [intervention] group, n  = 205). Primary outcomes were SBP (mmHg) after 24 weeks of follow up and blood pressure control, defined as either having SBP more than 140 mmHg at baseline and achieving 140 mmHg or less after follow-up or having SBP 140 mmHg or less at baseline and reducing the frequency of antihypertensive drugs in use after follow-up. RESULTS: In total, 410 participants were randomized and submitted to an intention-to-treat analysis regarding primary outcomes. Both groups decreased blood pressure, but after adjusting for baseline values, there was no significant difference between them on SBP [intervention-control difference: -0.03 (-3.01; 2.94); P  = 0.98] nor blood pressure control [odds ratio 1.27 (0.82; 1.97); P  = 0.28]. No differences between groups were also detected regarding secondary and tertiary outcomes. CONCLUSION: There was no difference between a two-component nutritional strategy and an established dietary intervention on blood pressure in participants with hypertension.

Adequacy of Fatty Acids Consumption Among Individuals in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention. / Adequação do Consumo de Ácidos Graxos entre Pacientes em Prevenção Cardiovascular Secundária.

BACKGROUND: Adhering to a diet adequate in macronutrients is crucial for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of adherence to recommendations for the consumption of dietary fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and to estimate whether the presence of certain cardiovascular risk factors would be associated with adherence. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using baseline data from 2,358 participants included in the "Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial". Dietary intake and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Adequate intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was considered as ≥10% of total daily energy intake; for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 20%; and for saturated fatty acids (SFA), <7% according to the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. A significance level of 5% was considered in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: No participant adhered to all recommendations simultaneously, and more than half (1,482 [62.9%]) did not adhere to any recommendation. Adherence exclusively to the SFA recommendation was the most prevalent, fulfilled by 659 (28%) participants, followed by adherence exclusively to the PUFA (178 [7.6%]) and MUFA (5 [0.2%]) recommendations. There was no association between the number of comorbidities and adherence to nutritional recommendations (p = 0.269). Participants from the Brazilian Northeast region showed a higher proportion of adherence to SFA consumption recommendations (38.42%) and lower adherence to PUFA intake (3.52%) (p <0.001) compared to other regions. CONCLUSIONS: Among the evaluated sample, there was low adherence to nutritional recommendations for dietary fatty acid consumption.

FUNDAMENTO: A adesão à uma alimentação adequada em macronutrientes é fundamental para a prevenção secundária de doenças cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de adesão às recomendações de consumo de ácidos graxos para prevenção e tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, e estimar se a presença de determinados fatores de risco cardiovascular estaria associada à adesão. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com os dados de linha de base de 2358 participantes do estudo "Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial". Dados de consumo alimentar, e fatores de risco cardiovascular foram avaliados. Foi considerada, de acordo com a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, uma ingestão adequada de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPI) ≥10% do consumo total de energia diária, para ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGM), 20% e para ácidos graxos saturados (AGS), <7%. Na análise estatística foi considerando nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Nenhum participante aderiu a todas as recomendações de forma simultânea e mais da metade (1482 [62,9%]) não aderiu a nenhuma recomendação. A adesão exclusivamente à recomendação de AGS foi a mais prevalente, sendo cumprida por 659 (28%) dos participantes, seguida da adesão exclusivamente à recomendação de AGP (178 [7,6%]) e de AGM (5 [0,2%]). Não houve associação entre o número de comorbidades e a adesão às recomendações nutricionais (p =0,269). Os participantes da região Nordeste do país apresentaram maior proporção de adesão às recomendações para consumo de AGS (38,42%), e menor para ingestão de AGPI (3,52%) (p <0,001) em comparação às demais. CONCLUSÕES: Na amostra avaliada, evidenciou-se baixa adesão às recomendações nutricionais para consumo de ácidos graxos.

Preoperative Carbohydrate Quality Index Is Related to Markers of Glucose Metabolism 12 Months After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

OBJECTIVE: The role of carbohydrates in weight loss in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the relationship of the carbohydrate quality index (CQI) with weight loss and cardiometabolic risk markers up to 1 year after BS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 50 patients with obesity undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Data collection was performed preoperatively and 3 and 12 months after surgery. The foods consumed were documented using a 24-h food recall in 3 days. The CQI was calculated considering the following parameters: dietary fiber intake, sugar level; whole grains: proportion of total grains; solid carbohydrate: total carbohydrate ratio. RESULTS: From the total study sample, 58 participants were followed up for 3 months, and eight participants dropped out of the study. The remaining 50 patients were followed up for 12 months. Subjects were classified into tertiles according to the index score. A 1-unit increase in CQI was associated with a -1.02 decrease in insulin concentrations at 12 months and a -1.04 decrease in HOMA-IR. Concerning the total sample, the median of the CQI was 8 points and did not change at 3 and 12 months after surgery, but there was an improvement in some components of the index. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the quality of carbohydrates can interfere with markers of insulin resistance after BS and the quality of carbohydrates is a point to be guided in patients undergoing BS.

Anxiety and Negative Body Image are Associated with Binge Eating in Patients Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery a Minimum of 2 Years.

PURPOSE: Bariatric surgery is an effective method for the treatment of severe obesity, however, binge eating disorder (BED) and negative body image can interfere with post-surgical evolution. OBJECTIVE: To describe the factors associated with BED in bariatric patients with a minimum of 2 years post-surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study conducted with patients who underwent bariatric surgery through the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]) and presenting a minimum of 2 years post-surgery. BED, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, quality of life and body image concerns were assessed by the Binge Eating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System, and Body Shape Questionnaire, respectively. Socioeconomic and anthropometric data were also collected. RESULTS: Based on the ninety-two (92) patients evaluated, 83.7% were female, and had a mean age of 43.3 ± 9 years. Symptoms of depression (p = 0.002), anxiety (p = 0.000), body image concerns (p = 0.000), poor quality of life (p = 0.010), and obesity (p = 0.008) were associated with the presence of BED. All the anthropometric variables were higher in patients with BED, except excess weight loss. Regression analysis predicted BED through the presence of body image concern and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION: Anxiety symptoms and body image concerns are associated with BED in patients who underwent bariatric surgery a minimum of 2 years.

Animal Protein Intake Is Associated with Obesity Remission After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: an Isocaloric Replacement Analysis.

PURPOSE: Some patients do not have the expected weight loss, and the post-surgical diet may partially explain these differences. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the impact of macronutrient substitution on obesity remission after RYGB, considering the protein source. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 58 patients undergoing RYGB. Data collection was performed preoperatively, 3 and 12 months after surgery. Eight participants dropped out of the study at 3 months, and the others remained for 12 months. The foods consumed were registered using a 24-h, 3-day food recall. For the isocaloric substitution analysis, foods were classified according to the protein source. The groups were compared using hypothesis tests, and Cox proportional hazard ratio regression was used to analyze isocaloric substitution. RESULTS: At three months after surgery, every 5% energy from plant protein replaced by animal protein increased by 3.50 [CI 1.204 - 10.205; p = 0.021] the probability of obesity remission. Stratified analysis by protein groups indicated that replacing vegetable protein with white meat was positively associated with remission of obesity. Every 5% vegetable protein replaced with white meat increased by 3.20 [CI 1.026 - 9.981; p = 0.045] the probability of obesity remission. Both results were independent of age, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of comorbidities. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the consumption of animal proteins after RYGB, mainly white meat, favors weight loss.

Food Consumption and Weight Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery with a Minimum of 2 Years Post-surgery.

BACKGROUND: Eating habits are one of the factors that directly affect weight recurrence after bariatric surgery, and therefore, this study assessed the association between food consumption and weight recurrence in patients who underwent bariatric surgery a minimum of 2 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with patients who underwent bariatric surgery a minimum of 2 years through SUS, in the city of Palmas, Tocantins. Food consumption was assessed through two 24-h dietary recalls (R24). The foods were classified into groups by degree of processing following the NOVA classification system. Also, macronutrients and fiber contents were quantified. Anthropometric variables were evaluated and weight recurrence (WR) was defined as 15%. RESULTS: Ninety-three (93) patients participated in the study, being 83.9% female, with mean age of 43.5 ± 9.13 years, mean post-surgery time of 4 years, and 58% present WR. A lower total energy consumption was found in patients without WR compared to those with WR (p = 0.05). Among the WR group, calories from processed foods (p = 0.00) and culinary ingredients (p = 0.05) were higher. However, carbohydrate consumption (percentage) was lower in the WR group (p = 0.04). A positive correlation was found between total energy (p = 0.03), processed foods (p = 0.03) and weight recurrence (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Weight recurrence is associated with total daily energy intake, carbohydrates and food groups classified according to NOVA.

Relationship between dietary macronutrient composition with weight loss after bariatric surgery: A systematic review.

This systematic review evaluated the relationship between macronutrient intake and weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS). The MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, COCHRANE/CENTRAL, and SCOPUS databases were accessed in August 2021 to search for eligible articles: original publications with adults undergoing BS and indicating the relationship between macronutrients and weight loss. Titles that did not meet these criteria were excluded. The review was written according to the PRISMA guide, and the risk of bias was according to the Joanna Briggs manual. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by another. Eight articles with 2.378 subjects were included. The studies indicated a positive relationship between weight loss and protein intake after BS. Prioritization of protein followed by carbohydrates with a lower percentage of lipids favors weight loss and increases weight stability after BS. Among the results found, a 1% increase in protein intake raises the probability of obesity remission by 6%, and high-protein diet increase 50% weight loss success. Limitations are the methods of included studies and review process. It is concluded that high-protein intake >60 g a 90 g/day may favor weight loss and maintenance after BS, but it is relevant to balance the other macronutrients.

Soybean oil addition to wheat bran-based diet improves laying hens' performance.

Background and Aim: Wheat bran (WB) is used extensively in animal feed. Despite its nutritional value, its use is limited because of its high-fiber content. We evaluated the effect of soybean oil on laying hen performance with maize meal partly replaced by WB. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six ISA Brown laying hens, 40 weeks old, were used in a completely randomized design in which laying hens were distributed in individual cages, with three replications of four birds and assigned to three treatments: T1 (basal diet), T2 (60% basal diet + 20% maize meal + 20% WB), and T3 (60% basal diet + 20% maize meal + 17.5% WB + 2.5% soybean oil). Results: Compared with the control group (T1), replacing 20% of yellow maize with WB (T2) did not affect average live weight, egg laying rate, soft-shelled egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per dozen eggs, or laying hen viability (p > 0.05). When 20% of the maize meal was replaced with WB, feed intake and feed conversion per egg mass increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, adding 2.5% soybean oil to feed containing WB improved laying hen performance by significantly reducing feed conversion per egg mass (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Adding 2.5% soybean oil to diets containing WB instead of 17.5% yellow maize improved the feed conversion per egg mass performance of laying hens.

Seroprevalence of infectious bronchitis virus and avian reovirus in free backyard chickens.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian reovirus (ARV) cause significant losses in the poultry industry throughout the world. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four villages in Manjacaze district, Southern Mozambique, to determine the seroprevalence of IBV and ARV. A total of 467 serum samples from adult unvaccinated backyard chickens were screened using commercial and competitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay kits. Our results showed anti-IBV and anti-ARV antibodies in all surveyed households and villages. The overall seroprevalence was 89.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.2-97.4) and 95.7% (95% CI: 88.0-99.2) for IBV and ARV, respectively. The risk of becoming exposed to IBV was lower in Chidenguele village compared with the other three villages (p  0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed for becoming exposed to ARV between villages (p  0.05). The backyard chickens tested in this study had no previous history of vaccination, outbreaks or typical clinical signs of IB and AR diseases. Therefore, the presence of antibodies to IBV and ARV was considered clear evidence that the birds have been naturally exposed to those two infectious agents, and the infection was of subclinical type. It is concluded that IBV and ARV are widespread in backyard chickens in the studied area. These obtained data are essential for design and implementation of chicken health development programmes.Contribution: The epidemiology of IBV and ARV of backyard chicken in Mozambique is unknown. This study determined the seroprevalence of IBV and ARV in backyard chicken health. The obtained data are essential for design and implementation of chicken health development programmes.

Modelling human liver microphysiology on a chip through a finite element based design approach.

Organ-on-a-chip (OoaC) are microfluidic devices capable of growing living tissue and replicate the intricate microenvironments of human organs in vitro, being heralded as having the potential to revolutionize biological research and healthcare by providing unprecedented control over fluid flow, relevant tissue to volume ratio, compatibility with high-resolution content screening and a reduced footprint. Finite element modelling is proven to be an efficient approach to simulate the microenvironments of OoaC devices, and may be used to study the existing correlations between geometry and hydrodynamics, towards developing devices of greater accuracy. The present work aims to refine a steady-state gradient generator for the development of a more relevant human liver model. For this purpose, the finite element method was used to simulate the device and predict which design settings, expressed by individual parameters, would better replicate in vitro the oxygen gradients found in vivo within the human liver acinus. To verify the model's predictive capabilities, two distinct examples were replicated from literature. Finite element analysis enabled obtaining an ideal solution, designated as liver gradient-on-a-chip, characterised by a novel way to control gradient generation, from which it was possible to determine concentration values ranging between 3% and 12%, thus providing a precise correlation with in vivo oxygen zonation, comprised between 3%-5% and 10%-12% within respectively the perivenous and periportal zones of the human liver acinus. Shear stress was also determined to average the value of 0.037 Pa, and therefore meet the interval determined from literature to enhance liver tissue culture, comprised between 0.01 - 0.05 Pa.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity is inversely associated with cardiovascular events and cardiometabolic risk factors: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) has been introduced as a useful tool to quantify the antioxidant content of a diet. However, few studies have evaluated the association of dTAC with cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurrence and cardiometabolic risk factors in people with established CVD events. Thus, we aimed to investigate the presence of an association between dTAC values, cardiovascular events, and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with previous CVD in a Brazilian multicenter study. METHODS: This study has a cross-sectional design. We evaluated baseline data from the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and food-consumption data were collected in face-to-face interviews. We estimated dTAC from the mean of two 24-h dietary recalls by values of ferric-reducing antioxidant power. RESULTS: We evaluated 2346 participants, most of whom were men (58.4%), older adults (64.2%), and overweight (68.6%), and had coronary artery disease (92.4%). The mean dTAC was equal to 5.6 (interquartile range, 3.9-7.8) mmol/1000 kcal. Participants in the third dTAC tertile (9.2 mmol/1000 kcal) had a 22%, 59%, and 69% lower chance, respectively, of having hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and amputation due to arterial disease in comparison to the first tertile (3.4 mmol/1000 kcal). CONCLUSIONS: The dTAC was inversely associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and amputation due to arterial disease in individuals undergoing secondary care for CVD. Our results can guide strategies for the prevention of new CVD and its consequences.

Weight Loss After RYGB Is Associated with an Increase in Serum Vitamin D in a Population with Low Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D at Low Latitude.

PURPOSE: In Brazil and worldwide, few studies have investigated vitamin D deficiency in patients with severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery associated with latitude and level of solar radiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the predictive factors of serum level changes after 12 months of RYGB in a low latitude region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 50 patients from a low-latitude city (10° 10' 8″ S) in the north of Brazil. We collected data before surgery and after 3 and 12 months of surgery. The level of vitamin D was classified as deficiency (< 20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20-30 ng/ml), and sufficiency (≥ 30 ng/ml). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 38.7 ± 8.9 years, 69% were women, and percent excess weight loss (% EWL) was 83% after 1 year of surgery. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the preoperative period was 14%, and after 3 and 12 months of surgery, it decreased to 4% and 6%, respectively. The variation in vitamin D after 12 months of surgery was positively associated with changes in BMI, body fat, and % EWL. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is low in patients undergoing bariatric surgery in the northern region of Brazil, which is possibly related to low latitude. Weight loss was positively associated with an increase in serum vitamin D after surgery.

The Preoperative Dietary Inflammatory Index Predicts Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors After 12 Months of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) in the preoperative period as well as 3 and 12 months post-surgery and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors after RYGB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study of 50 patients (both sexes) who underwent RYGB. All data were collected in 3 phases: before surgery, 3, and 12 months post-surgery. To calculate DII scores, we utilized mean nutrients from three 24-h recalls at each time point. RESULTS: The patients had median age of 39.1 ± 7.9 years (70% women). Mean preoperative DII® score of 0.39 ± 1.49 was slightly pro-inflammatory. Mean DII score reduced to - 1.52 ± 1.27 after 3 months post-surgery and was classified anti-inflammatory. This value rebounded to - 0.88 ± 1.49 at 12 months but was still anti-inflammatory. From the adjusted linear regression analysis, we observed that preoperative DII score was statistically associated with variations in neck circumference (ß = - 0.50; p = 0.03), waist-hip ratio (ß = 0.01; p = 0.02), total cholesterol (ß = 6.47; p = 0.002), and LDL cholesterol (ß = 6.42; p = 0.001) after 12 months post-surgery. Changes in DII® at 3 and 12 months were not associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSION: We observe significant changes in the inflammation potential of diet after 3 and 12 months of RYGB. Patients with higher preoperative E-DII scores have a greater metabolic improvement after 12 months of surgery.

Increase in Protein Intake After 3 Months of RYGB Is an Independent Predictor for the Remission of Obesity in the First Year of Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Although bariatric surgery promotes dietary changes, many questions regarding their effect on weight loss remain unanswered. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in dietary intake and predictive factors of obesity remission in the first 12 months after RYGB. METHODS: Fifty-one patients (mean 39.34 ± 9.38 years, 68.7% women) who underwent RYGB were included in this study. Dietary intake was evaluated through a 24-h dietary recall and subsequently classified by NOVA, macronutrients and calories. The predictive factors for obesity remission within 12 months after RYGB were evaluated by Cox regression. RESULTS: At baseline, 62.7% of the patients presented severe obesity; mean excess weight loss was greater than 80% after 1 year of surgery and about 70% of the patients were no longer diagnosed with obesity. An increase in percentage of calories from protein was observed at 3 and 12 months after surgery. The caloric contribution of ultra-processed foods was low at 3 months after surgery while that of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was high at 3 and 12 months after surgery. From the Cox regression analysis, preoperative BMI (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.88) and age (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99) showed an inverse association with obesity remission. Also, Δ protein (at 3 months-baseline) showed a positive association with obesity remission (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12). CONCLUSION: Lower preoperative BMI, lower age, and higher protein intake at 3 months after surgery may favor remission of obesity in up to 12 months compared with baseline.