Analysing uric acid levels to assess the effectiveness of dapagliflozin.

BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are an innovative diabetes treatment that lowers blood sugar levels without insulin. A growing body of evidence suggests that blood sugar levels are tightly correlated with uric acid levels in their blood and urine. To alleviate type 2 diabetes (T2DM) suffering, we tested dapagliflozin on serum and urinary uric acid levels of patients with T2DM and measured its efficacy in reducing uric acid levels. METHODS: A study was conducted on 60 people with T2DM. Patients were treated with Dapagliflozin doses of 10 mg daily for 3 months. Three months later, we measured body weight, fasting, and postprandial blood glucose levels, Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), serum lipids, renal function tests, routine urine, and serum uric acid. RESULTS: A number of clinical parameters of T2DM patients were compared to those of healthy subjects of the same age group. A comprehensive analysis of all parameters was conducted to evaluate dapagliflozin's impact. After 90 days of dapagliflozin treatment, serum uric acid levels dropped significantly from 9.0 to 8 mg/dL in the dapagliflozin group, as well as uric acid percentage in urine changed from 16.1 to 23.6 %. After three months of treatment, HbA1C levels decreased from 9.8 % to 8.5 %. CONCLUSION: Following treatment with dapagliflozin, the patients' Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance decreased to 4.0. Further, multivariate correlation analysis showed a correlation of serum uric acid with glycemic profile positively. In conclusion, dapagliflozin lowers uric acid levels and increases insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients to improve their glycemic control.

Platelet indices as prognostic markers of ischemic stroke and their correlation with lipid profile.

OBJECTIVE: Stroke is the cause of one in eight deaths and adds a dreadful burden of disability for the patients. Ischemic stroke is caused by a loss of blood supply to brain due to sudden occlusion of the arterial system, caused by an emboli or thrombus. Our aim was to correlate platelet indices, total cholesterol ratio, and various comorbidities with stroke. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed from 2020-2022 with 132 stroke patients admitted to the SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, India. Detailed clinical examination was performed. Venous blood samples were drawn at the time of admission to estimate platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet crit (PCT). Overnight fasting serum samples were obtained for lipid profiling. RESULTS: Among the participants in our study, maximum belonged to the age group 50 to 59 years (34.1%) and majority were males (79.5%). In terms of comorbidities, 85.6% of the participants had diabetes, 42.4% had hypertension and 22% had dyslipaedemia. All platelet and lipid parameters were found to be similar between patients with and without comorbidities. While all platelet indices increased with the increase in severity of stroke, we found that PDW is most reliable in predicting stroke with an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.942, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.1% at cut-off value 14. All platelet parameters also significantly increased in patients with severe lipid dysfuction, establishing a correlation between lipid profile, platelet indices and stroke. CONCULSION: We found a significant relationship between all platelet parameters and stroke. Thus, we believe that patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis should have their platelet indices assessed periodically before the development of cerebrovascular events. Furthermore, dyslipidemia if properly treated, is a modifiable risk factor for stroke, which can decrease morbidity and mortality leading to a healthier society.