Milk improved the metabolic syndrome in obese ß rats.

The response of adult spontaneously obese rats from the IIMb/Beta strain fed a high calcium skimmed milk diet (MHCa), high calcium from carbonate (HCa) and a normal AIN 93 diet during 45 days was evaluated. Body weight, food intake and fecal fat excretion were measured. At the end of the experiment rats were euthanized, abdominal fat pads and livers were excised and weighed. Blood and liver triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and fractions were quantified. Body weight increase and abdominal fat pads in the MHCa group were significantly lower than in the other two. Plasma triacylglycerols, total and LDL-cholesterol were diminished in the MHCa group. Fecal lipid excretion was increased in the adult MHCa group. Total liver lipids and triacylglycerols showed a significant diminution in the MHCa group. These results suggest that calcium and other bioactive compounds from milk, most probably present in whey fraction, and not calcium carbonate exerted an "anti-obesity" effect on these rats.

Effect of dietary calcium (Ca) on body composition and Ca metabolism during growth in genetically obese (ß) male rats.

INTRODUCTION: Obese ß rats may be a suitable model to evaluate the association between calcium intake (CaI) and obesity during growth. OBJECTIVE: The present study comparatively evaluated Ca absorption and retention, and changes in body composition in spontaneously genetically obese (ß) male rats fed three different dietary Ca levels: high 0.9% (HCa); normal: 0.5% (NCa); low: 0.2% (LCa). METHODS: Pregnant rats were fed isocaloric diets which varied in Ca content only. Male pups continued feeding the same maternal diet until postnatal day 60. The percentage of Apparent Ca absorption (CaA %), Ca balance (CaB), body composition, glucose, triglycerides (TGL), and insulin levels were evaluated. RESULTS: Food consumption and body weight (BW) were higher in Group LCa than in Groups NCa and HCa (p < 0.01); no differences were observed between the latter two groups. Group LCa presented the highest body fat, liver weight, perigonadal and retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.05); conversely, body ashes and total skeleton bone mineral content were significantly lower compared with animals in both the NCa (p < 0.01) and HCa groups (p < 0.01). CaB (mg/day) reached a plateau at the highest CaI (mg/day) value (r = 0.985, p < 0.001). CaA%, serum glucose, insulin, and TGL levels rose as CaI decreased (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although further studies are required, low Ca consumption in this strain of rats could modulate BW inducing changes in several lipid metabolism parameters, which in turn lead to an increase in body fat.

Auerbach plexus structure with NADH histochemistry in a line of obese rats: effects of dietary restriction.

This report aims to study architectural Auerbach plexus structure with NADH histochemistry (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form), along ages and their modifications with restricted diet in obese beta line rats. Experimental groups were: 1) After weaning, male rats were fed ad libitum (ALD) with standard rat chow. Autopsies were done at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 18 months old. 2) After weaning, one group was fed ad libitum, another group of rats were maintained on a restricted diet (RD). Autopsy was performed at 8 months of age. 3) After weaning, male rats were fed ad libitum (ALD) with standard rat chow. At 60 days old one group was continued with standard rat chow. Another group was fed with a restricted diet (RD). Autopsy was performed at 120 days old. After autopsy, segments of small intestine, proximal and distal colon were processed for NADH histochemistry. 1) At 2 months of age some empty spaces ("neuronal ghosts") were seen between neurons. Later on partial to total disruption of reticular structures was seen along ages. 2) In RD rats of 8 months of age, a mesh-like structure similar to normal control rats was observed. In ALD rats, partial to total disruption of mesh-like structures was seen. 3) In RD rats of 4 months of age, disruption intermingled with normal mesh-like zones was seen, more severe in ALD rats. Changes in Auerbach plexus structure (disruption of mesh-like appearance) in this line of rats were quite different from normal control rats suggesting dismetabolism effects. Dietary restriction delayed alterations in Auerbach plexus structures in obese rats.

Evaluation of soy hulls as a potential ingredient of functional foods for the prevention of obesity.

The prevalence of obesity and its associated health problems is rising to epidemic proportions throughout the world. Soy hulls, an industrial waste from oil extraction, contain a high proportion of fiber--soluble and insoluble--and may be a potential ingredient of functional foods for the prevention of obesity. However, crude soybeans, as do all legumes, present challenges to their use because of intensive antitrypsin and antichimotrypsin activity that impairs normal growth in humans and other mammals, requiring inactivation. To evaluate possible antinutritional effects of soybean hulls, diets with 10 percent fiber from soybean hulls or cellulose were offered to weanling IIMb/Beta obese rats during their prepubertal timeframe. The fact that no significant differences were found in growth, blood parameters nor in fat depots' weight and lipid content plus the proven beneficial effects on obese adult rats suggest that soy hulls may be a useful ingredient of functional foods for the prevention and treatment of human obesity.

Estimación de la ingesta de calcio y fosfato a partir de bebidas analcohólicas / Calcium and phosphate intake from analcoholic beverages

El calcio (Ca) es un nutriente crítico para la salud, especialmente en los períodos de crecimiento. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los individuos argentinos no alcanzan la ingesta diaria recomendada. Por su parte, el fósforo (P) es un nutriente cuya ingesta suele estar por encima de la recomendada. Este tipo de desequilibrio en la ingesta de ambos nutrientes conlleva a una pérdida de masa ósea. El consumo de bebidas analcohólicas (BA) se ha incrementado en los últimos años, sobre todo en la población infantil, desplazando el consumo de agua y lácteos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar el aporte de Ca y P a partir de BA diferentes de agua. Se evaluaron 59 muestras, cuya mediana y rango de Ca fue de 7,74 [0,00 a 111,29] mg/l y de P 55,17 [0,16 a 957,00] mg/l. Los jugos en polvo son los que mayor contenido de Ca presentaron y las bebidas deportivas aquellas donde se halló el mayor contenido de P. Considerando un consumo de 500 ml/día de BA se estarían incorporando 3,87 mg Ca y 27,59 mg P. El creciente consumo de BA, su bajo contenido de Ca y la concomitante reducción del consumo de lácteos contribuyen a una inadecuada ingesta de Ca. (AU)

Calcium (Ca) is a critical nutrient, especially during periods of growth. However, the majority of Argentine individuals do not reach the recommended daily intake. On the other hand, phosphorus (P) is a nutrient with an intake usually above the recommended values. This type of imbalance between the intake of the nutrients leads to loss of bone mass. Soft drinks consumption (BA) has increased in recent years, especially in children, displacing the consumption of water and dairy products. The aim of this work was to estimate the Ca and P content in BA other than water. 59 samples were evaluated, with a median and range of Ca of 7.74 [0.00 to 111.29] mg/l and of P of 55.17 [0.16 to 957.00] mg/l. Powdered juices are the ones with the highest Ca content, and sports drinks are the beverages in which the highest P content was found. Based on a BA consumption of 500 ml/day, 3.87 mg Ca and 27.59 mg P would be incorporated. Therefore, the increased consumption of BA, their low Ca content, and the concomitant reduction in dairy consumption contribute to an inadequate intake of Ca. (AU)

Oleoyl-estrone metabolic effects in relation with caloric restriction in inbred Beta rats with spontaneous obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Spontaneously hypertriacylglycerolemic obese and diabetic inbred IIM Beta rats were treated with oleoylestrone for 10 days. Pair-feeding was performed to determine some oleoyl-estrone effects dependent on the caloric restriction it promotes. Twenty-five 200 day-old Beta males receiving a daily gavage of 0.2 ml sunflower oil were divided into the following groups: 1) daily dose of 10 nmol/g oleoyl-estrone; 2) pair-fed; 3) control. The variables measured were: whole body protein, water and lipid; retroperitoneal and epididymal fat depot weights; plasma urea, glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols and cholesterol. Biomass and food intake were assessed daily. Oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed groups expressed similar variations in body composition and significant body weight losses due to reduction in food intake. Oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed treatments significantly reduced retroperitoneal fat depot weights, but not epididymal ones. In oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed groups hyperglycemia decreased and insulinemia lowered significantly. Plasma normal total cholesterolemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia values typical of Beta rats decreased strongly compared to controls, though attaining significantly different values between oleoyl-estrone and pair-fed groups. Plasma total cholesterol appeared as more sensitive to caloric restriction than triacylglycerols through a specific oleoyl-estrone-mediated effect.

Efectos del consumo de aceite de pescado sobre indicadores de síndrome metabólico en ratas obesas IIMb/Beta / Effects of fish oil consumption on metabolic syndrome parameters in obese IIMb / Beta rats

Existe consenso científico acerca de la necesidad de cambiar hábitos de alimentación y aumentar la actividad física como estrategias para prevenir y paliar la epidemia de sobrepeso y obesidad. En este estudio se evaluaron los efectos de dietas isocalóricas e isolipídicas, con diferente calidad de lípidos, sobre algunos indicadores de síndrome metabólico en ratas de la línea IIMb/Beta de 70 días de edad. Este modelo murino manifiesta obesidad acompañada de hipertriacilglicerolemia y resistencia insulínica desde la pubertad y desarrolla diabetes tipo 2 en la adultez. Se suministraron durante 90 días tres dietas formuladas según AIN-93 (American Institute of Nutrition-93) ad libitum: Dieta AIN con aceite de girasol como fuente de lípidos; Dieta JB con grasa bovina (remplazando al aceite de girasol) y Dieta JBn-3 con grasa bovina más ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 provenientes de aceite de pescado. Los animales que consumieron la dieta JBn-3 manifestaron disminución (p<0,05) en algunos indicadores de sindrome metabólico como la hiperinsulinemia, la hipertriacilglicerolemia y el depósito de lípidos totales, colesterol y triacilgliceroles hepáticos. Si bien se requieren más estudios, se confirma la validez de las intervenciones dietarias para el abordaje de la obesidad y sus comorbilidades recomendadas por los organismos internacionales(AU)

There is scientific consensus about the importance of changing dietary habits and increasing physical activity for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its co-morbidities. The effects of isocaloric and isolipidic diets with different type of fat on symptoms of the metabolic syndrome in 70 days old IIMb/Beta rats were evaluated. This murine model develops obesity, hypetryacilglycerolemia and insulin resistance since puberty, progressing to type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Three diets formulated according to AIN-93 (American Institute of Nutrition-93) were offered ad libitum during 90 days: Diet AIN with sunflower oil; Diet JB with bovine fat (replacing sunflower oil) and Diet JBn-3 with bovine fat and PUFAn-3 from fish oil. The group fed JBn-3 diet showed diminution (p<0,05) on several of the clinical manifestations of the metabolic syndrome, such as: hyperinsulinemia, hypertriacylglycerolemia and hepatic total lipids, cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Although more research is required, the study supports the beneficial effects of dietary approaches on obesity and its comorbidities(AU)

Milk improved the metabolic syndrome in obese ß rats / La leche mejoró el síndrome metabólico en ratas obesas ß

The response of adult spontaneously obese rats from the IIMb/Beta strain fed a high calcium skimmed milk diet (MHCa), high calcium from carbonate (HCa) and a normal AIN 93 diet during 45 days was evaluated. Body weight, food intake and fecal fat excretion were measured. At the end of the experiment rats were euthanized, abdominal fat pads and livers were excised and weighed. Blood and liver triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and fractions were quantified. Body weight increase and abdominal fat pads in the MHCa group were significantly lower than in the other two. Plasma triacylglycerols, total and LDL-cholesterol were diminished in the MHCa group. Fecal lipid excretion was increased in the adult MHCa group. Total liver lipids and triacylglycerols showed a significant diminution in the MHCa group. These results suggest that calcium and other bioactive compounds from milk, most probably present in whey fraction, and not calcium carbonate exerted an "anti-obesity" effect on these rats.

Se evaluaron los efectos de dietas con distintos niveles y fuente de calcio sobre parámetros relacionados con el síndrome metabólico en ratas adultas espontáneamente obesas de la línea IIMb/Beta. Se suministraron durante 45 días tres dietas: alto nivel de calcio proveniente de leche descremada (MHCa); alto calcio proveniente de carbonato (HCa) y como referencia AIN 93, normocálcica. Se midieron peso corporal, ingesta de alimento y excreción fecal de grasa. Los animales se sacrificaron y se extrajeron y pesaron los panículos adiposos abdominales y el hígado. Se determinaron triacilgliceroles, colesterol total y fracciones en plasma y en hígado. El aumento de peso corporal, los panículos adiposos abdominales y los valores plasmáticos de triacilgliceroles y de colesterol y fracciones fueron significativamente menores en el grupo MHCa. La excreción fecal de grasa resultó aumentada en el grupo MHCa. Los lípidos totales y los triacilgliceroles hepáticos mostraron una disminución significativa en el grupo MHCa. Los resultados evidencian efectos beneficiosos del calcio de la leche y no del suplemento mineral, sugiriendo que una acción sinérgica con otros compuestos bioactivos, probablemente presentes en el suero de la leche, produciría los efectos "antiobesidad" en estas ratas.

Oleoyl-estrone metabolic effects in relation with caloric restriction in inbred beta rats with spontaneous obesity and type 2 diabetes

Rats endocriadas de la línea IIMBeta con obesidad, hipertriacilglicerolemia y diabetes espontáneas fueron tratadas con oleoil-estrona durante 10 días. Un grupo con restricción alimentaria fue incluido en el estudio a fin de aislar algunos efectos de la oleoil-estrona dependientes de la restricción calórica que ésta promueve. Veinticinco ratas Beta macho de 200 dias de edad a los que se suministró 0.2 ml de aceite de girasol por día se dividieron en los seguientes grupos: (1) dosis diaria de 10 nmol/g de oleoil-estrona ; (2) restringido; (3) control. Las variables medidas fueron: proteínas corporales totales, agua y lípidios; pesos de los panículos adiposos retroperitoneal y epididimario; urea, glucosa, insulina, colesterol y triacilgliceroles plasmáticos. Los valores de biomasa y de ingesta de alimentos se registraron diariamente. Los grupos tratados con oleoil-estrona y restringido mostraron variaciones similares en composicíon corporal y disminuciones significativas en peso corporal debidas a reducciones en la ingesta de alimentos. Los tratamientos con oleoil-estrona y restringido disminuyeron significamente los pesos de los panículos adiposos retroperitoneales, pero no de los epididimarios. En los grupos tratados con oleoil-estrona y restringido la hiperglicemia disminuyó y la insulinemia lo hizo en forma significativa. Los valores de colesterol total plasmático normal y la hipertriacilglicerolemia característicos de las ratas Beta disminuyeron fuertemente comparados con los controles, aunque alcanzaron valores significa-tivamente diferentes entre los grupos tratados con oleoil-estrona y restringido. El colesterol total plasmático aparece como más sensible a la restricción calórica que los traicilgliceroles a través de un efecto específico mediado por la oleoil-estrona.