RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite the enormous benefits of radial access, this route is associated with a risk of radial artery occlusion (RAO). OBJECTIVE: We compared the incidence of RAO in patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography and intervention after short versus prolonged hemostasis protocol. Also we assessed the efficacy of rescue 1-hour ipsilateral ulnar artery compression if RAO was observed after hemostasis. Material and Methods. Patients referred for elective transradial coronary procedures were eligible. After 6 F radial sheath removal, patients were randomized to short (3 hours) (n = 495) or prolonged (8 hours) (n = 503) hemostasis and a simple bandage was placed over the puncture site. After hemostasis was completed, oximetry plethysmography was used to assess the patency of the radial artery. RESULTS: One thousand patients were randomized. Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups with average age 61.4 ± 9.4 years (71% male) and PCI performed on half of the patients. The RAO rate immediately after hemostasis was 3.2% in the short hemostasis group and 10.1% in the prolonged group (p < 0.001). Rescue recanalization was successful only in the short group in 56.2% (11/19); at hospital discharge, RAO rates were 1.4% in the short group and 10.1% in the prolonged group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Shorter hemostasis was associated with significantly less RAO compared to prolonged hemostasis. Rescue radial artery recanalization was effective in > 50%, but only in the short hemostasis group.
Assuntos
Arteriopatias Oclusivas , Cateterismo Periférico , Duração da Terapia , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Artéria Radial , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/etiologia , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Periférico/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Periférico/métodos , Feminino , Técnicas Hemostáticas/normas , Técnicas Hemostáticas/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Pletismografia/métodos , Artéria Radial/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Radial/patologia , Artéria Radial/cirurgia , Artéria Ulnar/fisiologia , Ultrassonografia Doppler Dupla/métodos , Grau de Desobstrução VascularRESUMO
Aims: The authors examined the phenotype of circulating monocytes in patients with coronary atherosclerosis depending on age. Methods: A total of 121 patients were categorized into three groups according to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis assessed by angiography and into two groups depending on age above/below the median 60.0 (range: 56.0-66.0). Classical CD14++CD16-, intermediate CD14++CD16+ and non-classical CD14+CD16+ monocytes were analyzed via direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Results and conclusions: In patients >60 years of age, the severity of atherosclerosis was associated with the decreased number of classical monocytes in the blood. In patients under 60 years of age, this relationship was not observed. The authors hypothesize that the contribution of different subtypes of blood monocytes to the development of atherosclerosis may vary with age.
RESUMO
Rapamycin contributes to the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. We investigated CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low) Treg level dynamics as well as the major parameters of cell immunity and sCD25 and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations in the blood of patients after coronary stenting (CS) with sirolimus (rapamycin)-eluting stents (SES; n = 43). The relation between initial Treg values and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was observed. Treg and sCD25 levels were increased 1 month after CS versus baseline values and versus data in the control group (coronary angiography [CA], n = 20). A positive correlation between Treg and sCD25 levels was reported, whereas no relation was observed with the length of SES implanted. HsCRP level was increased during the first 7 days and returned to baseline values 1 month after CS/CA. Treg content is lower in patients with multivessel CAD. Elevated levels of Tregs and sCD25 after SES implantation might occur because of the immunomodulating effect of rapamycin.
Assuntos
Angina Pectoris/patologia , Angina Pectoris/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Stents Farmacológicos , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/imunologia , Angioplastia com Balão a Laser , Proteína C-Reativa/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2/imunologia , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-7/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Inflammation plays an important role in vessel wall remodeling that occurs in atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis. Monocytic chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is one of the main attractors of monocytes and some lymphocyte subsets to the damaged vessel. The aims of the study were to confirm MCP-1 participation in the development of acute coronary syndromes, to produce the potential MCP-1 peptide antagonist, and to investigate its effects in vitro and in vivo in different animal models of inflammation. MCP-1 plasma concentration was measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Chemokine receptor expression by cells isolated from human atherosclerotic lesions was assessed by direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. MCP-1 sequence was analyzed with Peptide Companion software and peptides were synthesized using Fmoc strategy. The peptide resistance to degradation was checked by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The peptide effect on MCP-1-stimulated cell migration was studied in Boyden chamber and in mouse air pouch model, and its influence on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cell recruitment was investigated in models of subcutaneous inflammation in rats and nonhuman primates. We revealed nearly a 2-fold increase of MCP-1 plasma level in patients with unstable angina in comparison with patients with stable angina. The atherosclerotic plaque specimens obtained from patients with unstable angina contained a significant amount of chemokine receptor-expressing leukocytes. Peptide from MCP-1 C-terminal 65-76 sequence (peptide X) inhibited MCP-1-stimulated monocytic cell migration in vitro and in vivo. Peptide X labeled with 99mTc accumulated specifically at sites of inflammation in rats. Peptide X administrated i.m and i.v. suppressed monocyte and granulocyte recruitment induced by subcutaneous injection of LPS in the back of rats and non-human primates. Our data demonstrate that MCP-1-mediated chemotaxis could be responsible for atherosclerotic plaque "destabilization". Peptide X may represent a new class of anti-inflammatory drugs to be used in cardiology.