The natural history of solitary post-nephrectomy kidney in a pediatric population.

INTRODUCTION: Children with a solitary post-nephrectomy kidney (SNK) are at potential risk of developing kidney disease later in life. In response to the global decline in the number of nephrons, adaptive mechanisms lead to renal injury. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and time of onset of high blood pressure (HBP), proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) disruption and renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in children with SNK. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining the approval from our institution's ethics committee, we reviewed the medical records of patients under 18 years of age who underwent unilateral nephrectomy between January 2005 and December 2015 in three university hospitals. RESULTS: We identifi ed 43 patients, 35 (81.4%) cases of unilateral nephrectomy (UNP) were due to a non-oncologic pathology and Wilm's tumor was identified in 8 (18.6%) cases. In patients with non-oncologic disease, 9.3% developed de novo hypertension, with an average time of onset of 7.1 years, 25% developed proteinuria de novo, with an average time of onset of 2.2 years. For GFR, 21.8% presented deterioration of the GFR in an average time of 3.4 years. Ten (43.5%) patients developed some type of de novo renal injury after UNP. Patients with oncolo-gic disease developed the conditions slowly and none of them developed proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account the high rate of long term postoperative renal injury, it can be considered that nephrectomy does not prevent this disease. The follow-up of children with SNK requires a multidisciplinary approach and long-term surveillance to detect renal injury.

Can ChatGPT provide high-quality patient information on male lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostate enlargement?

BACKGROUND: ChatGPT has recently emerged as a novel resource for patients' disease-specific inquiries. There is, however, limited evidence assessing the quality of the information. We evaluated the accuracy and quality of the ChatGPT's responses on male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostate enlargement (BPE) when compared to two reference resources. METHODS: Using patient information websites from the European Association of Urology and the American Urological Association as reference material, we formulated 88 BPE-centric questions for ChatGPT 4.0+. Independently and in duplicate, we compared the ChatGPT's responses and the reference material, calculating accuracy through F1 score, precision, and recall metrics. We used a 5-point Likert scale for quality rating. We evaluated examiner agreement using the interclass correlation coefficient and assessed the difference in the quality scores with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: ChatGPT addressed all (88/88) LUTS/BPE-related questions. For the 88 questions, the recorded F1 score was 0.79 (range: 0-1), precision 0.66 (range: 0-1), recall 0.97 (range: 0-1), and the quality score had a median of 4 (range = 1-5). Examiners had a good level of agreement (ICC = 0.86). We found no statistically significant difference between the scores given by the examiners and the overall quality of the responses (p = 0.72). DISCUSSION: ChatGPT demostrated a potential utility in educating patients about BPE/LUTS, its prognosis, and treatment that helps in the decision-making process. One must exercise prudence when recommending this as the sole information outlet. Additional studies are needed to completely understand the full extent of AI's efficacy in delivering patient education in urology.

How To Read a Network Meta-analysis.

Network meta-analysis (NMA) expands upon traditional meta-analysis by integrating three or more interventions. This allows comparing interventions using evidence from trials that have compared pairs of interventions directly, and indirect evidence through common comparators. We provide an overview of NMA concepts and considerations when interpreting results from a systematic review with a NMA and applying them to clinical practice. PATIENT SUMMARY: Network meta-analysis is a statistical tool that allows researchers to compare multiple treatments for a medical condition at once, even when treatments have not been compared to each other in research studies. This mini-review explains how to read a network meta-analysis and apply its results in patient care.

A Qualitative Study on the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Solid Organ Transplantation.

Introduction: Solid organ transplantation is a lifesaving intervention requiring extensive coordination and communication for timely and safe care. The COVID-19 pandemic posed unique challenges to the safety and management of solid organ transplantation. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to understand how hospital stakeholders were affected by and responded to the COVID-19 pandemic to contribute toward improved healthcare delivery responses and strategies during times of systemic strain on the healthcare system. Methods: One-hour-long semistructured interviews were performed in 3 cohorts: healthcare professionals (N = 6), administrative staff (N = 6), and recipients (N = 4). Interviews were analyzed using conventional thematic content analysis. Thematic saturation was reached within each cohort. Findings: Twelve codes and 6 major themes were identified including the Impact on Clinical Practice, Virtual Healthcare Delivery, Communication, Research, Education and Training, Mental Health and Future Pandemic Planning. Reflecting on these codes and major themes, 4 recommendations were developed (Anticipation and Preparation, Maximizing Existing Resources and Networks, Standardization and the Virtual Environment and Caring for the Staff) to guide transplant programs to optimize healthcare pathways while enhancing the best practices during future pandemics. Conclusion: Transplant programs will benefit from anticipation and preparation procedures using ramping-down strategies, resource planning, and interprofessional collaboration while maximizing existing resources and networks. In parallel, transplant programs should standardize virtual practices and platforms for clinical and educational purposes while maintaining an open culture of mental health discussion and integrating strategies to support staff's mental health.

Scaling up quality-assured psychotherapy: The role of therapist competence on perinatal depression and anxiety outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: To examine: (1) the psychometric properties of two therapist competence measures-multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) and standardized role-plays; (2) whether therapist competence differed between non-specialist (NSPs) and specialist (SPs) providers; and (3) the relations between therapist competence and patient outcomes among perinatal patients receiving brief psychotherapy. METHODS: This study is embedded within the SUMMIT Trial-a large, ongoing psychotherapy trial for perinatal women with depressive and anxiety symptoms. We assessed the: (1) psychometric properties of therapist competence measures using Cronbach's alpha and inter-class correlation; (2) differences in therapist competence scores between n = 23 NSPs and n = 22 SPs using a two-sample t-test; and (3) relations between therapist competence measures and perinatal patient outcomes through a linear regression model. RESULTS: Internal consistency for role-play was acceptable (α = 0.71), whereas MCQ was excellent (α = 0.97). Role-play showed good inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.80) and scores were higher for SPs compared with NSPs (t(2,38) = -2.86, p = 0.0069) and associated with outcomes of anxiety (B = 1.52, SE = 0.60, p = 0.01) and depressive (B = 0.96, SE = 0.55, p = 0.08) symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the importance of demonstrating psychological treatment skills through standardized role-plays over knowledge-based competence to predict perinatal patient outcomes. Using well-defined evidence-based tools is critical for deploying NSPs to provide high-quality psychotherapy and increase accessibility to psychological treatments for perinatal populations worldwide.

Culturally sensitive psychotherapy for perinatal women: A mixed methods study.

OBJECTIVE: There is a critical need to better understand psychological treatments from a culturally sensitive lens. Using a process-oriented model, we examined treatment satisfaction among perinatal patients who received behavioral activation (BA) within a large psychotherapy trial for perinatal depression and anxiety, and explored how to optimize culturally sensitive delivery through a multistakeholder perspective. METHOD: In this mixed methods study, we estimated treatment satisfaction through mean client satisfaction scores (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire [CSQ]-8) among perinatal participants (N = 417) using one-way analysis of variance. We also conducted semistructured interviews with 20 ethnically diverse perinatal participants, 19 treatment providers, and five clinical leads. We employed content analysis to identify barriers, facilitators, and strategies for delivering culturally sensitive treatment. RESULTS: CSQ-8 scores were similar across ethnic groups, F(7, 409) = 0.70, p = .67. Most participant interviewees reported that topics of race, ethnicity, and culture were raised during treatment sessions and that providers were able to address these topics in a culturally sensitive way. Despite this, almost all providers and clinical leads reported insufficient training to deliver culturally sensitive psychotherapy. The most-endorsed challenge for participants and providers was apprehension to bring up issues of race and ethnicity during treatment. Key facilitators included provider style, previous training, ongoing training resources, and supervision. CONCLUSION: BA offers one psychotherapeutic model that uses an idiosyncratic and process-oriented approach that fosters intersectional humility and benefits from cultural humility, comfort, and opportunities. We identify key recommendations to inform culturally sensitive, evidence-based psychological treatments that include explicitly acknowledging and eliciting topics of race, ethnicity, and culture during sessions and supervision and ongoing training and supervision. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Evidence-based Urology: Understanding Heterogeneity in Systematic Reviews.

Variability in the results of randomized trials presents challenges to the interpretation and application of the evidence to patient care. Understanding how systematic reviews deal with this problem of "heterogeneity" will help clinicians in applying results in their patient management. This manuscript offers a review of heterogeneity from the clinical urological perspective. PATIENT SUMMARY: Systematic reviews of the literature are necessary to accurately summarize the available evidence to inform clinical decisions. In this mini-review, we explain how to understand and deal with the differences between studies-which we call heterogeneity-included in these types of reviews.

Barriers and Facilitators to Resuming In-Person Psychotherapy with Perinatal Patients amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multistakeholder Perspective.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, outpatient psychotherapy transitioned to telemedicine. This study aimed to examine barriers and facilitators to resuming in-person psychotherapy with perinatal patients as the pandemic abates. We conducted focus group and individual interviews with a sample of perinatal participants (n = 23), psychotherapy providers (n = 28), and stakeholders (n = 18) from Canada and the U.S. involved in the SUMMIT trial, which is aimed at improving access to mental healthcare for perinatal patients with depression and anxiety. Content analysis was used to examine perceived barriers and facilitators. Reported barriers included concerns about virus exposure in a hospital setting (77.8% stakeholders, 73.9% perinatal participants, 71.4% providers) or on public transportation (50.0% stakeholders, 26.1% perinatal participants, 25.0% providers), wearing a mask during sessions (50.0% stakeholders, 25.0% providers, 13.0% participants), lack of childcare (66.7% stakeholders, 46.4% providers, 43.5% perinatal participants), general transportation barriers (50.0% stakeholders, 47.8% perinatal participants, 25.0% providers), and the burden of planning and making time for in-person sessions (35.7% providers, 34.8% perinatal participants, 27.8% stakeholders). Reported facilitators included implementing and communicating safety protocols (72.2% stakeholders, 47.8% perinatal participants, 39.3% providers), conducting sessions at alternative or larger locations (44.4% stakeholders, 32.1% providers, 17.4% perinatal participants), providing incentives (34.8% perinatal participants, 21.4% providers, 11.1% stakeholders), and childcare and flexible scheduling options (31.1% perinatal participants, 16.7% stakeholders). This study identified a number of potential barriers and illustrated that COVID-19 has fostered and amplified barriers. Future interventions to facilitate resuming in-person sessions should focus on patient-centered strategies based on empathy regarding ongoing risk-aversion among perinatal patients despite existing safety protocols, and holistic thinking to make access to in-person psychotherapy easier and more accessible for perinatal patients.

Epidemiología de las malformaciones congénitas urinarias: revisión de los nacimientos registrados en los programas de vigilancia de Bogotá y Cali durante 15 años / Epidemiology of urinary congenital malformations: Review of births registered in the surveillance programs of Bogotá and Cali during 15 years / Epidemiologia das malformações urinárias congênitas: revisão de nascimentos registrados em programas de vigilância em Bogotá e Cali há 15 anos

Introducción: Las anomalías congénitas urinarias (ACU) se presentan con un promedio de 32,75 × 10.000. Objetivo: Describir la epidemiología y prevalencia de la ACU entre enero de 2001 y di- ciembre de 2015 en los programas de vigilancia y seguimiento de anomalías congénitas de Bogotá (PVSACB) y Cali (PVSACC). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo usando las bases de datos de PVSACB y PVSACC. El periodo reportado oscila entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2015 en Bogotá, y entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2015 en Cali. Los criterios de inclusión fueron los siguientes: todos los nacidos vivos de cualquier peso y nacidos muertos con peso igual o mayor a 500 gramos con cualquier ACU (códigos CIE 10 del Q60 al Q63). Resultados: La población total de recién nacidos evaluada fue de 469.473. Dicha información corresponde a siete hospitales en Bogotá (25,9 % del total de nacimientos en Bogotá) y 2 en Cali (20,8 % del total de nacimientos en Cali). Se observaron ACU en 10,37 × 10.000 recién nacidos (IC: 9,47-11,33), y se informaron más en varones. La hidronefrosis, el riñón poliquístico y la displasia renal multiquística fueron las malformaciones más comunes. El 72,7 % (n = 354) constituyeron casos aislados; el 18,7 % (n = 91), casos con uno o más defectos mayores asociados (anomalías congénitas múltiples), y el 8,6 % (n = 42), casos con diagnóstico sindrómico. En el 38,1 % (n = 16) de los casos se realizó el diagnóstico de síndrome de Potter; en el 16,7 % (n = 7), diagnóstico de asociación VACTERL, y en el 11,9 % (n = 5) se diagnosticó trisomía 21. Conclusión: La prevalencia de ACU en Bogotá y Cali (dos grandes ciudades de Colombia) es similar a la informada en estudios previos realizados en Colombia y a escala internacional. Así mismo, las ACU constituyen una de las principales causas de morbilidad en los nacimientos colombianos.

Introduction: Congenital urinary abnormalities (CUA) are presented with an average of 32.75 × 10,000. Objective: To describe the epidemiology and prevalence of CUA between January 2001 and December 2015 in Surveillance Programs of Congenital Anomalies of Bogotá (PVSACB) and Cali (PVSACC). Methods: A retrospective study was performed using information from the database of PVSACB and PVSACC. The reporting period was between January 2001 and December 2015 to Bogota and between January 2011 and December 2015 to Cali. The inclusion criteria were: all live births of any weight or stillbirths greater or equal to 500g with any CUA (coded to Q60 to Q63 of ICD 10). Results: The total population of newborns in that period was 469.473, from 7 hospitals in Bogota (25.9 % of total births in Bogota) and 2 hospitals in Cali (20.8 % of total births in Cali). CUA were noted in 10.37/10.000 newborns (CI: 9.47-11.33). CUA were more reported in males. Hydronephrosis, poly- cystic kidney and multicystic dysplastyic kidney were more common. 72.7 % (n=354) were isolated cases, 18.7 % (n=91) were cases with one or more associated major defects (multi- ple congenital anomalies) and 8.6 % (n=42) were cases with a diagnosis of chromosomal or genetic syndrome. In patients with a diagnosis of chromosomal or genetic syndrome, 38.1 % (n=16) had Potter syndrome, 16.6 % (n=7) had VACTERL association, and 11.9 % (n=5) had Down syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of CUA in Bogota and Cali (two major cities in Colombia) is similar to that reported in a previous study done using data from Colombia and other international reports. CUA is a major cause of morbidity in Colombian births. CUA is a major cause of morbidity in Colombian births.

Introdução: As anomalias urinárias congênitas (ACU) são apresentadas com uma média de 32,75 × 10.000. Objetivo: Descrever a epidemiologia e a prevalência da UTI entre janeiro de 2001 e dezembro de 2015 nos Programas de Vigilância e Acompanhamento de Anormalidades Congênitas de Bogotá (PVSACB) e Cali (PVSACC). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo utilizando os bancos de dados PVSACB e PVSACC. O período relatado foi entre janeiro de 2001 e dezembro de 2015 em Bogotá e janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2015 em Cali. Os critérios de inclusão foram: todos os nascidos vivos de qualquer peso e os mortos com peso igual ou superior a 500 gramas com qualquer ACU (códigos da CID 10 de Q60 a Q63). Resultados: A população total de recém-nascidos avaliados foi de 469.473. Esta informação corresponde a 7 hospitais em Bogotá (25,9 % do total de nasci- mentos em Bogotá) e 2 em Cali (20,8 % do total de nascimentos em Cali). As ACUs foram observadas em 10,37 × 10.000 recém-nascidos (IC: 9.47-11.33). A ACU relatou mais em homens. Hidronefrose, rim policístico e displasia renal multicística foram as malformações mais comuns. 72,7 % (n = 354) eram casos isolados, 18,7 % (n = 91) eram casos com um ou mais defeitos associados principais (múltiplas anomalias congênitas) e 8,6 % (n = 42) eram casos com diagnóstico sindrômico. Em 38,1 % (n = 16) foi realizado o diagnóstico da síndrome de Potter, em 16,7 % (n = 7) do diagnóstico de associação VACTERL e em 11,9 % (n = 5) da trissomia 21. Conclusão: A prevalência de ACU em Bogotá e Cali (duas grandes cidades da Colômbia) é semelhante à relatada em estudos anteriores realizados na Colômbia e internacionalmente. Da mesma forma, as ACUs constituem uma das principais causas de morbidade nos nascimentos na Colômbia.

Evaluación de la función sexual en pacientes con obesidad, antes y después de la cirugía bariátrica / Evaluation of Sexual Function in Patients with Obesity, before and after Bariatric Surgery

Introducción La obesidad afecta diversos aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales. Recientemente se ha comenzado a estudiar su relación con la función sexual y el efecto de las intervenciones dirigidas a reducir el peso. Objetivo Describir los cambios inducidos por la cirugía bariátrica en la función sexual en un grupo de pacientes obesos. Métodos Estudio observacional prospectivo de pacientes con obesidad mórbida, intervenidos con cirugía bariátrica. Se evaluó la función sexual en hombres con el cuestionario abreviado de función sexual (SHIM) y la encuesta de autoestima y relaciones (SEAR), y en mujeres con el Índice de función sexual femenina (IFSF). La calidad de vida se evaluó con el cuestionario SF-12. Se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas. Resultados Se incluyeron 19 pacientes, 13 mujeres con un promedio de edad de 45,3 años (22­59) y 6 hombres con un promedio de 41 años (36­54). El seguimiento promedio fue de 19 meses (13,1­25,9). Para el IFSF, todos los dominios demostraron mejoría, aunque la variable deseo fue la única en la que se obtuvo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0.027). Los puntajes obtenidos con la escala SHIM, demuestran disminución en la severidad de la disfunción eréctil de 16,8 (8­21) a 22,16 (18­25) (p = 0,059). En calidad de vida, tanto mujeres como hombres reportaron un incremento estadísticamente significativo (p = 0.036 y p = 0.002, respectivamente). Conclusiones La cirugía bariátrica tiene un impacto altamente favorable en la calidad de vida y cambios positivos en todos los dominios de la función sexual de hombres y mujeres. Es posible que esos cambios se vean influidos por variables físicas y psicosociales que deben medirse con investigaciones futuras.

Introduction Obesity affects physical, psychological and social aspects. Recently, researchers have begun to study the relationship between sexual function and the effect of interventions aimed at reducing weight. Objective To describe the changes induced by bariatric surgery in sexual function in a group of obese patients. Methods Prospective observational study of patients with morbid obesity and bariatric surgery. Sexual function was evaluated in men with the abbreviated sexual health inventory for men questionnaire (SHIM) and the self-esteem and relationship questionnaire (SEAR), and in women with the Female Sexual Function Index (IFSF). Quality of life with the SF-12 questionnaire. Nonparametric statistical tests were used. Results 19 patients were included. 13 women with an average age of 45.3 years (22­59) and 6 men with an average of 41 years (36­54). The average follow-up was 19 months (13.1­25.9). For IFSF, all the domains showed improvement, although desire variable was the only one with statistically significant difference (p = 0.027). The scores obtained with the SHIM scale show a decrease in the severity of erectile dysfunction from 16.8 (8­21) to 22.16 (18­25) (p = 0.059). In quality of life, women and men reported a statistically significant increase (p = 0.036 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Bariatric surgery has a highly favorable impact on quality of life and positive changes in all domains of sexual function of men and women. It is possible that these changes are influenced by physical and psychosocial variables that should be measured with future research.

The natural history of solitary post-nephrectomy kidney in a pediatric population

ABSTRACT Introduction: Children with a solitary post-nephrectomy kidney (SNK) are at potential risk of developing kidney disease later in life. In response to the global decline in the number of nephrons, adaptive mechanisms lead to renal injury. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and time of onset of high blood pressure (HBP), proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) disruption and renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in children with SNK. Materials and methods: After obtaining the approval from our institution's ethics committee, we reviewed the medical records of patients under 18 years of age who underwent unilateral nephrectomy between January 2005 and December 2015 in three university hospitals. Results: We identified 43 patients, 35 (81.4%) cases of unilateral nephrectomy (UNP) were due to a non-oncologic pathology and Wilm's tumor was identified in 8 (18.6%) cases. In patients with non-oncologic disease, 9.3% developed de novo hypertension, with an average time of onset of 7.1 years, 25% developed proteinuria de novo, with an average time of onset of 2.2 years. For GFR, 21.8% presented deterioration of the GFR in an average time of 3.4 years. Ten (43.5%) patients developed some type of de novo renal injury after UNP. Patients with oncologic disease developed the conditions slowly and none of them developed proteinuria. Conclusions: Taking into account the high rate of long term postoperative renal injury, it can be considered that nephrectomy does not prevent this disease. The follow-up of children with SNK requires a multidisciplinary approach and long-term surveillance to detect renal injury.

Revisión del estado actual de la cirugía de reasignación genital en pacientes con disforia de género enfocada en el contexto colombiano / Review of the Current Status of Genital Reassignment Surgery in Patients with Gender Dysphoria within the Colombian Contex

La disforia de género o transexualismo es una condición que comprende a las personas que padecen profundo malestar o rechazo hacia el sexo biológico por cuanto se identifican con el sexo opuesto. Por lo tanto, se asocia a disfunción biopsicosocial y compromiso severo de la calidad de vida. En Colombia se han producido notables avances de índole constitucional y legislativa en las dos últimas décadas, los cuales son discutidos en la presente revisión. En el tratamiento multidisciplinario de los pacientes transexuales, el último paso corresponde a la cirugía de reasignación genital. El propósito de esta revisión es investigar el estado actual de la cirugía de reasignación genital enfocada en el contexto nacional.

Gender dysphoria or transsexualism is a condition that includes people who suffer from deep discomfort or rejection of biological sex because they identify with the opposite sex. Therefore, it is associated with biopsychosocial dysfunction and severe compromise of their quality of life. In Colombia there have been notable advances of a constitutional and legislative nature in the last two decades, which are discussed in the present review. In the multidisciplinary treatment of transgender patients, the last step corresponds to genital reassignment surgery. The purpose of this review is to investigate the current status of genital reassignment surgery within the national context.

Social and Clinical Impact of Congenital Urological Malformations in a Developing Country: The Need for a Transdisciplinary Way of Treatment / Impacto social y clínico de las malformaciones urológicas congénitas en un país en desarrollo: La necesidad de un tratamiento transdisciplinario

Zoom Image Abstract Introduction The prognosis of congenital anomalies (CAs) can be improved if detected and treated accurately. Given the complexity of some anomalies, it is almost always necessary to approach them with an interdisciplinary team. Our objective was to contact patients with congenital urological anomalies (CUAs) and follow them up during their first years of life and evaluate their clinical status, as well as their social and health care limitations. Method Based on the Bogota Congenital Malformations Surveillance Program (BCMSP), we have contacted by phone all the patients with CUAs and evaluated their follow-up. We have included all the registered patients from 2006 until 2015. A standardized questionnaire was applied by a trained staff. The questions assessed on each call included: evaluation of the clinical status of the patient, the clinical treatments and evaluations performed by clinical and surgical subspecialties, health care limitations, and social barriers. The first call was made at the 2nd month, then every 3 months during the 1st year and every 6 months thereafter. Results A total of 277 patients were contacted, 97.3% of whom have an increased risk of mortality or significant disability. The malformation related mortality was of 38.1%. Only 38.7% of the patients were evaluated by a specialist, while 57.4% where still waiting to be seen by a specialist. Ninety eight percent of the limitations related to the health care system were the long waiting lists to be seen by a specialist. Conclusion Many of the pathologies that we have found belong to the group that has a significant reduction in mortality when treated accurately and promptly. However, we have a profound problem in our health care system, in that many of the patients have not been seen by a specialist, which results in a worse prognosis and recovery rate.

Introducción El pronóstico de las anomalías congénitas puede mejorarse si se detectan y tratan adecuadamente. Dada la complejidad de algunas anomalías, casi siempre es necesario abordarlas con un equipo interdisciplinario. Nuestro objetivo fue contactar a los pacientes con anomalías urológicas congénitas (CUA) con posterior seguimiento durante los primeros años de vida, se evaluó su estado clínico así como las limitaciones sociales y de atención médica. Método Basado en el Programa de Vigilancia de Malformaciones congénitas de Bogotá, contactamos por teléfono a todos los pacientes con CUA y evaluamos su seguimiento. Fueron incluidos todos los pacientes desde 2006 hasta 2015. Un cuestionario estandarizado fue aplicado por personal capacitado. Las preguntas evaluadas durante la llamada incluyeron: evaluación del estado clínico, tratamientos clínicos realizados y evaluaciones por subespecialidades clínicas y quirúrgicas, limitaciones de atención médica y barreras sociales. La primera llamada se realizó en el segundo mes y luego cada tres meses durante el primer año y luego cada 6 meses a partir de entonces. Resultados Se contactó a un total de 277 pacientes en los que el 97,3% tenía un riesgo de mortalidad o de discapacidad significativa. La mortalidad relacionada con la malformación fue del 38.1%. Solo el 38,7% de los pacientes fueron evaluados por un especialista, mientras que el 57,4% aún esperaban ser atendidos por un especialista. El noventa y ocho por ciento de las limitaciones relacionadas con el sistema de atención fueron las largas listas de espera para ser visto por un especialista. Conclusión Muchas de las patologías pertenecen al grupo que cuando son tratadas adecuadamente y prontamente tienen una reducción significativa en la mortalidad. Sin embargo, tenemos un problema profundo en nuestro sistema de atención médica donde muchos de los pacientes no han sido atendidos por un especialista, lo que resulta en un peor pronóstico y tasa de recuperación.

Pene no Conspicuo (Oculto) / Inconspicuous Penis

El término pene no conspicuo (oculto), agrupa las patologías en las que el pene adopta un tamaño aparentemente más pequeño, ya sea porque se oculta bajo el tejido cicatricial en caso del pene atrapado, cuando presenta un pliegue de piel que reduce el ángulo penoescrotal tratándose del pene en vela, o en los casos en los que el pene es cubierto por prepucio redundante produciendo un pene enterrado. Se realiza una revisión de la definición y terminología utilizada a través de la historia, clasificación actual, etiología, diagnóstico y técnica quirúrgica empleada para la corrección del pene no conspicuo (oculto).

Inconspicuous penis is referred conditions where the penis looks apparently small but is truely hidden under scarring tissue or under redundant mucosa or prepubic fat. These are all different pathologies that are surgically treated. Multiple techniques have been described. The aim of the present article is to review the state of the art in management throughout history, current classification, etiology, diagnosis and surgical techniques for correcting this pathology.