RESUMO
The discovery of a series of substituted diarylether compounds as retinoic acid related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) agonists is described. Compound 1 was identified from deck mining as a RORγt agonist. Hit-to-lead optimization led to the identification of lead compound 5, which possesses improved potency (10x). Extensive SAR exploration led to the identification of a potent and selective compound 22, that demonstrated an improved pharmacokinetic profile and a dose-dependent pharmacodynamic response. However, when dosed in a MC38 syngeneic tumor model, no evidence of efficacy was observed. ©2020 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Assuntos
Éteres/farmacologia , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/agonistas , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Animais , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Éteres/síntese química , Éteres/química , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Th17 , Tretinoína/síntese química , Tretinoína/químicaRESUMO
The discovery, synthesis, and characterization of 9H-carbazole-1-carboxamides as potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitors of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) are discussed. Optimization for JAK family selectivity led to compounds 14 and 21, with greater than 45-fold selectivity for JAK2 over all other members of the JAK kinase family.
Assuntos
Amidas/química , Janus Quinase 2/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Amidas/metabolismo , Amidas/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Carbazóis/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Janus Quinase 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Janus Quinase 1/metabolismo , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Janus Quinase 3/antagonistas & inibidores , Janus Quinase 3/metabolismo , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
CARM1 (co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1) is a PRMT (protein arginine N-methyltransferase) family member that catalyses the transfer of methyl groups from SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) to the side chain of specific arginine residues of substrate proteins. This post-translational modification of proteins regulates a variety of transcriptional events and other cellular processes. Moreover, CARM1 is a potential oncological target due to its multiple roles in transcription activation by nuclear hormone receptors and other transcription factors such as p53. Here, we present crystal structures of the CARM1 catalytic domain in complex with cofactors [SAH (S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine) or SNF (sinefungin)] and indole or pyazole inhibitors. Analysis of the structures reveals that the inhibitors bind in the arginine-binding cavity and the surrounding pocket that exists at the interface between the N- and C-terminal domains. In addition, we show using ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry) that the inhibitors bind to the CARM1 catalytic domain only in the presence of the cofactor SAH. Furthermore, sequence differences for select residues that interact with the inhibitors may be responsible for the CARM1 selectivity against PRMT1 and PRMT3. Together, the structural and biophysical information should aid in the design of both potent and specific inhibitors of CARM1.
Assuntos
Indóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Indóis/química , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferases/química , Pirazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazóis/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Domínio Catalítico/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Indóis/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Pirazóis/metabolismoRESUMO
SAR studies of pyrrolo[1,2-f]triazines as JAK2 inhibitors is presented. Achieving JAK2 inhibition selectively over JAK3 is discussed.
Assuntos
Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Janus Quinase 3/metabolismo , Pirrolidinas/síntese química , Triazinas/síntese química , Triazinas/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Janus Quinase 2/antagonistas & inibidores , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Pirróis/síntese química , Pirróis/química , Pirróis/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triazinas/químicaRESUMO
Inhibition of TGFß signaling in concert with a checkpoint blockade has been shown to provide improved and durable antitumor immune response in mouse models. However, on-target adverse cardiovascular effects have limited the clinical use of TGFß receptor (TGFßR) inhibitors in cancer therapy. To restrict the activity of TGFßR inhibitors to tumor tissues and thereby widen the therapeutic index, a series of tumor-activated prodrugs of a selective small molecule TGFßR1 inhibitor 1 were prepared by appending 1 to a serine protease substrate and a half-life extension fatty acid carbon chain. The prodrugs were shown to be selectively metabolized in tumor tissues relative to the heart and blood and demonstrated a prolonged favorable increase in the tumor-to-heart ratio of the active drug in tissue distribution studies. Once-weekly administration of the most tissue-selective compound 10 provided anti-tumor efficacy comparable to the parent compound and reduced systemic exposure of the active drug.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Pró-Fármacos/uso terapêutico , Receptor do Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta Tipo I/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Área Sob a Curva , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estrutura Molecular , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Pró-Fármacos/química , Pró-Fármacos/farmacocinética , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Distribuição Tecidual , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Hit to Lead optimization and SAR development led to the identification of the potent and selective benzo[d]imidazole inhibitor (17b) of Co-activator Associated Arginine Methyltransferase (CARM1).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Benzimidazóis/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Piperidinas/química , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/síntese química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Piperidinas/síntese química , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Design, synthesis, and SAR development led to the identification of the potent, novel, and selective pyrazole based inhibitor (7f) of Coactivator Associated Arginine Methyltransferase (CARM1).
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazóis/química , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
This study reports the identification and Hits to Leads optimization of inhibitors of coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase (CARM1). Compound 7b is a potent, selective inhibitor of CARM1.
Assuntos
Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Estrutura Molecular , Pirazóis/química , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The role of myeloid cells as regulators of tumor progression that significantly impact the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies makes them an attractive target for inhibition. Here we explore the effect of a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of serine/threonine protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) on modulating myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Although inhibition of CK2 caused only a modest effect on dendritic cells in tumor-bearing mice, it substantially reduced the amount of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. This effect was not caused by the induction of apoptosis, but rather by a block of differentiation. Our results implicated downregulation of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-α in this effect. Although CK2 inhibition did not directly affect tumor cells, it dramatically enhanced the antitumor activity of immune checkpoint receptor blockade using anti-CTLA-4 antibody. These results suggest a potential role of CK2 inhibitors in combination therapies against cancer.Significance: These findings demonstrate the modulatory effects of casein kinase 2 inhibitors on myeloid cell differentiation in the tumor microenvironment, which subsequently synergize with the antitumor effects of checkpoint inhibitor CTLA4. Cancer Res; 78(19); 5644-55. ©2018 AACR.
Assuntos
Proteínas Estimuladoras de Ligação a CCAAT/metabolismo , Caseína Quinase II/antagonistas & inibidores , Caseína Quinase II/fisiologia , Imunoterapia , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose , Antígeno CTLA-4/imunologia , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Humanos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Supressoras Mieloides , Transplante de Neoplasias , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
The chemokine receptor CCR4 is broadly expressed on cells of the immune system. It is known to play a central role in T cell migration to the thymus, and T cell maturation and education. In addition, CCR4 is known to modulate T cell migration to several sites of inflammation in the body, including the skin, and lungs. It is best known as a drug target for airway inflammation and atopic dermatitis, but cells expressing CCR4 are found in many inflammatory diseases. CCR4 small molecule antagonists have not yet reached the clinic, but at least one has been validated in an in vivo model. Here we review the current status of structurally novel CCR4 receptor antagonists.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Fatores Imunológicos , Receptores de Quimiocinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Quimiotaxia/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiotaxia/imunologia , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/química , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Estrutura Molecular , Receptores CCR4 , Receptores de Quimiocinas/imunologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) proteins bind acetylated histones and recruit protein complexes to promote transcription elongation. In hematologic cancers, BET proteins have been shown to regulate expression of MYC and other genes that are important to disease pathology. Pharmacologic inhibition of BET protein binding has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in MYC-dependent cancers, such as multiple myeloma. In this study, we demonstrate that small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells are exquisitely sensitive to growth inhibition by the BET inhibitor JQ1. JQ1 treatment has no impact on MYC protein expression, but results in downregulation of the lineage-specific transcription factor ASCL1. SCLC cells that are sensitive to JQ1 are also sensitive to ASCL1 depletion by RNAi. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies confirmed the binding of the BET protein BRD4 to the ASCL1 enhancer, and the ability of JQ1 to disrupt the interaction. The importance of ASCL1 as a potential driver oncogene in SCLC is further underscored by the observation that ASCL1 is overexpressed in >50% of SCLC specimens, an extent greater than that observed for other putative oncogenes (MYC, MYCN, and SOX2) previously implicated in SCLC. Our studies have provided a mechanistic basis for the sensitivity of SCLC to BET inhibition and a rationale for the clinical development of BET inhibitors in this disease with high unmet medical need.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Azepinas/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Triazóis/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos , Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Ligação Proteica , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/genética , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Early hit to lead work on a pyrrolopyridine chemotype provided access to compounds with biochemical and cellular potency against Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). Structure-based drug design along the extended hinge region of JAK2 led to the identification of an important H-bond interaction with the side chain of Tyr 931, which improved JAK family selectivity. The 4,5-dimethyl thiazole analogue 18 demonstrated high levels of JAK family selectivity and was identified as a promising lead for the program.
RESUMO
JAK2 kinase inhibitors are a promising new class of agents for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms and have potential for the treatment of other diseases possessing a deregulated JAK2-STAT pathway. X-ray structure and ADME guided refinement of C-4 heterocycles to address metabolic liability present in dialkylthiazole 1 led to the discovery of a clinical candidate, BMS-911543 (11), with excellent kinome selectivity, in vivo PD activity, and safety profile.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Nitrilas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Triazóis/síntese química , Amitrol (Herbicida)/química , Ciclização , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Nitrilas/química , Pirimidinas/química , Resinas Sintéticas/química , Triazóis/químicaRESUMO
The design, synthesis, and SAR studies of 'core' variations led to identification of novel, selective, and potent small molecule antagonist (22) of the CC chemokine receptor-4 (CCR4) with improved in vitro activity and liability profile. Compound 22 was efficacious in a murine allergic inflammation model (ED50 approximately 10 mg/kg).
Assuntos
Receptores de Quimiocinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Compostos de Benzil/síntese química , Compostos de Benzil/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Quimiotaxia/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Indicadores e Reagentes , Camundongos , Ovalbumina , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Quinolinas/síntese química , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Receptores CCR4 , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/patologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The design, synthesis, and activity of novel and selective small molecule antagonists of the CC chemokine receptor-4 (CCR4) are presented. Compound 8c was efficacious in a murine allergic inflammation model (ED(50) 30 mg/kg).
Assuntos
Receptores de Quimiocinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Quimiotaxia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desenho de Fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade , Inflamação , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Leucócitos/citologia , Camundongos , Modelos Químicos , Receptores CCR4 , Transdução de Sinais , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The present study reports the identification and hits to leads optimization of chemokine receptor CCR4 antagonists. Compound 12 is a high affinity, non-cytotoxic antagonist of CCR4 that blocks the functional activity mediated by the receptor.
Assuntos
Receptores de Quimiocinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores CCR4 , Receptores de Quimiocinas/fisiologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Synthesis and in vitro characterization of novel, lactam boronic acid based, selective, and rapidly reversible inhibitor 14 of the 20S-proteasome is presented.
Assuntos
Ácidos Borônicos/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Inibidores de Proteassoma , Pirazinas/síntese química , Ácidos Borônicos/química , Bortezomib , Humanos , Inibidores de Proteases/síntese química , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/química , Pirazinas/química , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The present studies have identified a series of diaminopyrimidines and diaminopyridines as novel 5-HT(7) receptor ligands. Three regiosiomeric classes of pyrimidines and four regioisomeric classes of pyridines were synthesized and analyzed for binding to the 5-HT(7) receptor. The 5-HT(7) binding affinities of different regioisomers show clearly the structure-activity relationship with position of ring nitrogens.
Assuntos
Piridinas/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , Receptores de Serotonina/metabolismo , LigantesRESUMO
The present studies have identified a series of aminotriazines as novel 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists. Compounds 10 and 17 have high affinity for the 5-HT(7) receptor and do not bind to either the 5-HT(2C) or 5-HT(6) receptors. These compounds produce no agonist effects by themselves, and shift the dose-response curve of 5-CT to the right in the manner of an antagonist.