RESUMO
Analysis of urine samples from COVID-19 patients by 1H NMR reveals important metabolic alterations due to SAR-CoV-2 infection. Previous studies have identified biomarkers in urine that reflect metabolic alterations in COVID-19 patients. We have used 1H NMR to better define these metabolic alterations since this technique allows us to obtain a broad profile of the metabolites present in urine. This technique offers the advantage that sample preparation is very simple and gives us very complete information on the metabolites present. To detect these alterations, we have compared urine samples from COVID-19 patients (n = 35) with healthy people (n = 18). We used unsupervised (Robust PCA) and supervised (PLS-LDA) multivariate analysis methods to evaluate the differences between the two groups: COVID-19 and healthy controls. The differences focus on a group of metabolites related to energy metabolism (glucose, ketone bodies, glycine, creatinine, and citrate) and other processes related to bacterial flora (TMAO and formic acid) and detoxification (hippuric acid). The alterations in the urinary metabolome shown in this work indicate that SARS-CoV-2 causes a metabolic change from a normal situation of glucose consumption towards a gluconeogenic situation and possible insulin resistance.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Metabolômica , Humanos , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/urina , Glucose/metabolismo , Metaboloma , Metabolômica/métodos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the intraoperative human papillomavirus (IOP-HPV) test has the same prognostic value as the HPV test performed at 6 months after treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) to predict treatment failure. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Barcelona, Spain. POPULATION: A cohort of 216 women diagnosed with HSIL and treated with loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). METHODS: After LEEP, an HPV test was performed using the Hybrid Capture 2 system. If this was positive, genotyping was performed with the CLART HPV2 technique. The IOP-HPV test was compared with HPV test at 6 months and with surgical margins. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Treatment failure. RESULTS: Recurrence rate of HSIL was 6%. There was a strong association between a positive IOP-HPV test, a positive 6-month HPV test, positive HPV 16 genotype, positive surgical margins and HSIL recurrence. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the IOP-HPV test were 85.7, 80.8,24.0 and 98.8% and of the HPV test at 6 months were 76.9, 75.8, 17.2 and 98.0%. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative HPV test accurately predicts treatment failure in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3. This new approach may allow early identification of patients with recurrent disease, which will not delay the treatment. Genotyping could be useful in detecting high-risk patients. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: IOP-HPV test accurately predicts treatment failure in women with CIN 2/3.
Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Eletrocirurgia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas/cirurgia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Adulto , Alphapapillomavirus , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Colposcopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Genótipo , Testes de DNA para Papilomavírus Humano/métodos , Humanos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/virologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas/virologia , Falha de Tratamento , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Heart transplantation (HT) due to valvular cardiomyopathy is rare, namely, about 3% of cases in the Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Usually, these patients present some risk factors such as previous valvular operations and pulmonary hypertension. Since there are few studies in the literature, we retrospectively analyzed our early and long-term results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied our experience in 22 HT cases for valvular cardiomyopathy (9.3% of our total experience), namely, 12 men and 10 women, of overall mean age of 52.6 +/- 10 years. Five patients had mitral; 8, aortic; and 1, tricuspid valve disease; 7 had double valve disease and 1, triple valve disease. Nineteen patients (87%) had been operated previously between 1 and 4 times. The mean ejection fraction was 23% +/- 7.3% and the mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was 3.7. Fifty-three percent of the patients had pulmonary hypertension. Two patients were operated as an emergency "O." We used the standard HT technique. RESULTS: Four patients (18%) were reoperated due to hemorrhage. The hospital mortality was 2 cases (9%). Another patients (9%) died on follow-up due to cardiac allograft vasculopathy. All surviving patients have been followed to the end of 2006. The mean follow-up has been 72 +/- 53 months. They are functional class I or II. CONCLUSIONS: HT for this indication was more frequent in our experience than in the Registry of the ISHLT. The immediate and long-term results were good, with an 82% mean survival at 6 years. HT can be a good treatment for patients with valvular cardiomyopathy and bad ventricular function and/or multiple valvular reoperations.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias/etiologia , Transplante de Coração/fisiologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Adulto , Cardiomiopatias/cirurgia , Feminino , Testes de Função Cardíaca , Transplante de Coração/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Sobreviventes , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A total of 970 adult patients undergoing cardiovascular operations during a 1-year period were eligible for a case-control study on the risk factors for nosocomial infection. Cases were defined as patients in whom a postoperative infection developed. Every case was paired with one uninfected subject. Nosocomial infection occurred in 89 (9.2%) patients. A total of 120 episodes of infection were diagnosed (1.3 episodes per patient). The infection ratio was 12.4%. Surgical site infection was the most common (5.6%), followed by pneumonia (3.2%), urinary tract infection requiring the use of intravenous antibiotics (1.8%), deep surgical site (0.9%), and bacteremia (0.7%). Advanced age, urgent intervention, duration of surgical procedure, blood transfusion, and use of invasive procedures (urinary catheter, chest tubes, nasogastric tube passage) were significantly associated with infection in the bivariate analysis. Nosocomial infection resulted in a significant increase in the length of hospital stay. Cases showed an almost fivefold greater risk of death than controls (odds ratio, 4.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 6.83; p = 0.009). Age older than 65 years, female sex, and mode of surgical intervention were selected in the multivariate analysis for patients undergoing cardiac operations, whereas general anesthesia or assisted ventilation, central venous catheter, and blood transfusion were the variables selected for patients undergoing operation for vascular disorders. In summary, the recognition of risk factors for postoperative infection in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgical procedures may contribute to improve their prognosis and to more organized surveillance and control activities in the hospital environment.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença das Coronárias/cirurgia , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Satisfactory long-term clinical results with heart valves have renewed the interest in the use of mitral homografts, despite the technical difficulties with their surgical implantation. This report describes the behavior and viability of the partial mitral homograft in the ortotopic position in a chronic sheep model (n = 25). The 20 surviving animals were studied hemodynamically and were anesthetized and electively put to death 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the operation. All specimens had a normal mitral valve without signs of infection or thrombosis. Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of viable endothelial cells from the recipient covering the graft, signs of reendothelialization, and organized dense collagen tissue. The structural integrity was more evident in the fresh mitral homografts. This method may provide consider improvement in the viability of the mitral homograft, and it could be a valid alternative for repair of mitral valve localized pathology.
Assuntos
Valva Mitral/transplante , Animais , Endotélio/citologia , Endotélio/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Valva Mitral/citologia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Ovinos , Transplante Homólogo/métodosRESUMO
Valve-related morbidity and mortality after heart valve replacement with the Hancock I porcine bioprosthesis has been retrospectively analyzed. From June 1974 through December 1976, 253 Hancock I bioprostheses (150 mitral and 103 aortic) were inserted in 220 selected patients who survived the operation and had follow-up until June 1989 (mean follow-up 13.5 years, with an accumulative follow-up of 2956.4 patient-years). One hundred seventeen patients had mitral valve replacement, 70 had aortic valve replacement, and 33 had combined mitral and aortic valve replacement. There were 27 thromboembolic events. The probability of being free from thromboembolism at 14 years was 81.0% +/- 7.4% for the mitral valve replacement group, 85.4% +/- 6.7% for the aortic group, and 67.1% +/- 18.4% for the mitral-aortic group. Fifteen episodes of prosthetic valve endocarditis occurred. There were 10 instances of nonstructural dysfunction (paravalvular leaks) in seven mitral valves (4.6%) and in three aortic valves (2.9%). One hundred twenty-two bioprostheses in 106 patients resulted in structural deterioration. The probability of freedom from structural deterioration at 14 years was 37.2% +/- 3.9% for the mitral group, 43.9% +/- 7.1% for the aortic group, and 30.1% +/- 8.9% for the mitral-aortic group. The logistic regression analysis between age at the time of operation and bioprosthetic life (structural deterioration-free period) demonstrates a linear regression curve (r = 0.53). There were 56 late deaths (27 patients died at reoperation). The actuarial survival rate (including hospital mortality) at 14 years was 57.2% +/- 5.4% for the entire series, with no statistically significant difference between groups. The probability of remaining free from valve-related morbidity and mortality at 14 years was 16.7% +/- 4.8% for the mitral group, 20.8% +/- 6.2% for the aortic group, and 14.0% +/- 7.0% for the mitral-aortic group. The long-term results of this series show that the clinical performance of the Hancock I porcine valve appears satisfactory during the first 6 years. The behavior of this bioprosthesis at 14 years' follow-up changes drastically, because only a minor group of patients is free from valve-related complications, justifying the restriction of its use for selected patients.
Assuntos
Bioprótese , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Endocardite/epidemiologia , Endocardite/etiologia , Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Seguimentos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tromboembolia/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia/etiologiaRESUMO
Sixty-two patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease (mean age 42.2 +/- 10.2 years) underwent repair of chordae tendineae between June 1974 and May 1994. Chordal shortening was done in 38 patients, fenestration in 17, resection of secondary chordae in 3, replacement in 2, and transposition in 2. In 41 patients, mitral commissurotomy was also done. Ring annuloplasty was done in all patients. The mean follow-up was 10.2 years (range 2 months to 20 years). The completeness of follow-up during the closing interval (January to July 1994) was 100%. Hospital mortality occurred in four patients (6.5%) and nine patients died during the late follow-up. The actuarial survival curve at 20 years was 65.8% +/- 10%. Six patients with mitral valve dysfunction (restenosis 4, insufficiency 2) and one with aortic valve dysfunction (structural deterioration of bioprosthesis) underwent reoperation. The actuarial curve of freedom from reoperation at 20 years for mitral valve dysfunction was 73.1% +/- 10.5%. In the 49 surviving patients, a Doppler echographic study during the closing interval showed a mean mitral valve area of 1.9 +/- 0.3 cm2. In the 43 patients with a repaired native valve, absent or trivial mitral regurgitation was documented in 35 and mild or moderate regurgitation in 8. In conclusion, repair of chordae tendineae in rheumatic mitral valve disease when feasible is a stable and safe procedure with a low prevalence of reoperation. However, the type of reconstructive operation and experience of the surgical team are major considerations in successful repair of the mitral valve.
Assuntos
Cordas Tendinosas/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Cardiopatia Reumática/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/epidemiologia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/etiologia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/epidemiologia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/etiologia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Taxa de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term performance of aortic valve repair, we analyzed the results obtained in a 22-year period in patients who underwent repair of nonsevere rheumatic aortic valve disease during other valvular procedures. METHODS: Fifty-three patients (mean 40 +/- 11.6 years of age) with predominant rheumatic mitral valve disease had concomitant aortic valve disease in association with serious tricuspid valve disease in 25 of them. Preoperatively, aortic valve disease was considered moderate in 47.2% of the patients and mild in 52.8%. All patients underwent reparative techniques of the aortic valve (free edge unrolling, 44; subcommissural annuloplasty, 40; commissurotomy, 36) at the time of mitral or mitrotricuspid valve surgery. The completeness of follow-up during the closing interval was 100%, with a mean follow-up of 18.8 years (range 8 to 22.5 years). RESULTS: Hospital mortality rate was 7.5%. Of 49 surviving patients, 26 (53.1%) died during late follow-up. The actuarial survival curve including hospital mortality was 35.4% +/- 8.7% at 22 years. For patients who underwent mitral and aortic valve surgery, the actuarial survival curve at 22 years was 32.3% +/- 13%, whereas for patients who had a triple-valve operation the survival was 37.0% +/- 10.1% (p = 0.07). Twenty-five patients underwent an aortic prosthetic valve replacement. Actuarial free from aortic structural deterioration and valve-related complications at 22 years was 25.3% +/- 9.3% and 12.7% +/- 4.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term functional results of reparative procedures of nonsevere aortic valve disease in patients with predominant rheumatic mitral valve disease have been inadequate at 22 years of follow-up. According to these data, conservative operations for rheumatic aortic valve disease do not seem appropriate.
Assuntos
Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Cardiopatia Reumática/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/mortalidade , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/mortalidade , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Ponte Cardiopulmonar , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Feminino , Seguimentos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cardiopatia Reumática/mortalidade , Cardiopatia Reumática/fisiopatologia , Segurança , Taxa de Sobrevida , Valva Tricúspide/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Tricúspide/cirurgiaRESUMO
From May 1974 to December 1978, 159 patients with mitral stenosis underwent open mitral commissurotomy at our institution. Follow-up data were complete in 96.8%, with a mean follow-up of 13.7 years (range, 14 to 18 years). Preoperatively, most patients (n = 94) were in functional class III or IV. Valve calcification was found in 18 patients (11.3%), left atrial thrombosis was found in 21 (13.2%), and the subvalvular apparatus was affected in 105 (66%). When a residual insufficiency was detected during the operation, a mitral annuloplasty was performed (n = 43). There was one hospital death (0.6%) and 15 late deaths (9.5%). Actuarial survival at 15-year and 18-year follow-up is 89.4% +/- 3% and 75.2% +/- 10.8%. Fifteen patients (9.7%) had a thromboembolic episode 1 to 189 months after operation (mean, 104.3 months). Eleven patients (7%) required reoperation 3 to 183 months after operation (mean, 110.1 months). Freedom from reoperation at 18-year follow-up was 91.9% +/- 2.7%. Event-free actuarial survival at 15-year and 18-year follow-up was 73.4% +/- 4.2% and 54.3% +/- 10.5%. Most patients (n = 131) are in class I or II. Open mitral commissurotomy represents a safe surgical alternative for treating mitral stenosis, allowing a complete removal of atrial thrombosis if present. This long-term follow-up clinical study encourages us to persist in this successful surgical repair of mitral stenosis.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Análise Atuarial , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estenose da Valva Mitral/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Tromboembolia/etiologiaRESUMO
Early structural deterioration with the mitral Mitroflow pericardial valve requiring reoperation occurred in 6 patients. Clinical diagnosis of prosthetic failure was made 5 to 58 months after valve implantation (mean, 38 months). Re-replacement was carried out 22 to 80 months (mean, 55 months) after the initial operation. Mode of failures were cuspal tear without calcification in three valves and massive calcifications in the remaining bioprostheses. High incidence of early structural deterioration of the Mitroflow pericardial valve makes this new prosthesis an unsatisfactory alternative as a substitute in the mitral position.
Assuntos
Bioprótese , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , ReoperaçãoRESUMO
The durability (structural deterioration-free interval) after valve implantation with the first-generation Carpentier-Edwards porcine bioprosthesis has been investigated. From 1978 through 1984, 420 patients (175 male, 245 female) underwent valve replacement with the Carpentier-Edwards standard bioprosthesis. Mean age was 50.6 years (range, 13 to 77 years). Isolated mitral valve replacement (MVR) was performed in 198 patients (47.1%), aortic valve replacement (AVR) in 136 (32.4%), and double valve replacement (DVR) in 86 (20.5%). Hospital mortality was 32 patients (7.6%), 7.5% for MVR, 5.1% for AVR, and 11.6% for DVR. Mean follow-up was 10.8 years (range, 9 to 15 years) and is 96.2% completed. Reoperation for structural deterioration was required in 143 patients. Actuarial curve free from structural deterioration at 15 years is 33.0% +/- 6.5% for MVR, 62.0% +/- 5.1% for AVR, and 44.2% +/- 8.2% for DVR (p < 0.03). Durability of the CE bioprosthesis for MVR was 101.6 +/- 34.5 months, 92.9 +/- 26.4 for AVR, and 84.3 +/- 25.3 for DVR (p = not significant). The regression logistic analysis between age at the time of surgery and durability of the bioprosthesis showed no correlation for the MVR group, but with the following predictive formula for AVR and DVR groups of patients older than 30 years" durability = 46.05 + 0.818 x age, for AVR (r2 = 0.43); durability = 15.81 + 1.122 x age, for DVR (r2 = 0.52). In conclusion, we have found a significant difference in the behavior of the CE porcine bioprosthesis between the mitral and aortic position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Bioprótese , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Análise Atuarial , Fatores Etários , Bioprótese/mortalidade , Feminino , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Falha de Prótese , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The CarboMedics "Top-Hat" supraannular prosthesis was designed to permit the implantation of a larger prosthesis. METHODS: Between June 1993 and November 1996, 127 patients (average age, 61.8+/-10.2 years) received a CarboMedics "Top-Hat" supraannular aortic prosthesis. The average follow-up was 15.7 months, and all surviving patients underwent echocardiographic study. This group is compared with 656 patients in whom a standard CarboMedics prosthesis was implanted and also with 2,927 patients who received other aortic prostheses. RESULTS: Using the standard and the supraannular sizers, there was an average increase of one size in favor of the supraannular prosthesis: 18.9+/-2.8 mm standard versus 20.8+/-2.6 mm supraannular (p < 0.005). For each prosthesis size (19 to 23 mm), the body surface area of the patients in whom a CarboMedics supraannular prosthesis was implanted was significantly smaller than that in those who received a CarboMedics standard prosthesis or any other model. Hospital mortality was 3.9%, and late mortality was 5.5%. The actuarial survival was 86.5%+/-3.9% at 42 months. CONCLUSIONS: Using the CarboMedics supraannular prosthesis allows implantation of a larger prosthesis compared with the standard CarboMedics prosthesis or other models. This advantage is especially important in patients with a small aortic root.
Assuntos
Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: On the basis of a previous experience in a chronic sheep model in which partial mitral allografts remained viable and properly functioning 12 months after operation, we assessed the results obtained by replacing the tricuspid valve with fresh antibiotic-preserved mitral allografts. METHODS: Twenty 3-month-old sheep with a mean weight of 23.7 +/- 2.3 kg underwent cardiopulmonary bypass and had a fresh antibiotic-preserved mitral allograft implanted in the tricuspid position with the heart beating under normothermic conditions. The tricuspid valve apparatus was not excised. After a mean follow-up of 13.2 months, the allograft was evaluated by gross inspection and light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Nine sheep died of technical causes within the first week after operation and 2 at 4 and 6 months of infective endocarditis of the allograft. The hemodynamic study before heart explantation revealed residual tricuspid incompetence in 3 of the 9 survivors. Macroscopic examination showed flexible valves with no signs of structural deterioration, calcification, or thrombosis. Under light and scanning electron microscopic examination, allografts were almost completely denuded of endothelial cells and showed loosely arranged connective tissue with scarce signs of inflammatory reaction. Despite these findings, allografts were free from major structural damage. CONCLUSIONS: The mitral homograft could be an alternative to replacement of the tricuspid valve with a bioprosthesis or a mechanical prosthesis.
Assuntos
Valva Mitral/transplante , Valva Tricúspide/cirurgia , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Calcinose/patologia , Ponte Cardiopulmonar , Causas de Morte , Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endocardite Bacteriana/etiologia , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Seguimentos , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Crescimento , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Hemodinâmica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Valva Mitral/patologia , Valva Mitral/ultraestrutura , Preservação de Órgãos , Ovinos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Trombose/patologia , Transplante Homólogo , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The lack of valve rotatability, the structural deterioration, and the rate of valve-related complications with the standard mechanical bileaflet prosthesis led to the development of a new second-generation bileaflet valve in 1986. METHODS: Between January 1989 and March 1994, 1,049 CarboMedics valves were implanted in 859 patients. The rotatability was used in 109 mitral prostheses (21.5%) and in 61 aortic prostheses (11.6%). Follow-up was 97.1% complete, with 3,049 patient-years. RESULTS: The hospital mortality was 6.9% for the mitral group, 3.4% for the aortic group, and 10.7% for the double-valve group (p < 0.005). The actuarial survival curve at 5 years was 77.3% +/- 3.6%, 90.1% +/- 2.5%, and 79.2% +/- 3.7% (p = 0.0003), freedom from thromboembolism was 89.1% +/- 3.6%, 87.1% +/- 3.8%, and 68.8% +/- 8.2%, freedom from reoperation was 95.9% +/- 1.4%, 98.9% +/- 0.6%, and 94.9% +/- 2.4%, and freedom from valve-related complications was 68.8% +/- 4.1%, 79.5% +/- 3.5%, and 55.3% +/- 5.9% after mitral, aortic, and mitral and aortic valve replacement, respectively. There were five episodes of valve thrombosis, but no structural deterioration occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical performance of the CarboMedics valve is quite satisfactory, with a low incidence of valve-related mortality and morbidity. The rotatability feature was useful when the native valve was preserved or for repeat valve replacement.
Assuntos
Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Valva Aórtica , Feminino , Seguimentos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Desenho de Prótese , Reoperação , Rotação , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Monostrut valve is a pyrolytic carbon, tilting-disc prosthesis with no welds. After the first implantation in Spain in May 1983, the Spanish Monostrut Study Group was established to evaluate prospectively the performance of the valve using uniform protocols. METHODS: During a 10-year period, 8,599 Monostrut valves were implanted in 7,317 patients in 22 centers. Mean age was 53.3 +/- 11 years. Of the total group, 3,229 underwent aortic valve replacement, 2,806 had mitral valve replacement, and 1,282 had double valve replacement. Follow-up was 96% complete, with a mean period of 4.3 years and a total of 29,155 patient-years. RESULTS: The operative mortality rate was 7.2%. The 10-year probability of freedom from valve-related complications and linearized rates (event/100 patient-years in parentheses) were as follows: structural deterioration, 100% (0); nonstructural dysfunction, 96% +/- 0.5% (0.51); thromboembolism, 82.9% +/- 1.5% (1.32); anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, 87.6% +/- 1.4% (0.98); and prosthetic valve endocarditis, 96.1% +/- 0.5% (0.48). There were five obstructive valve thromboses (0.017/100 patient-years). Actuarial freedom from reoperation was 95% +/- 0.5% at 10 years. Actuarial freedom from all valve-related morbidity was 70.2% +/- 1.6%; freedom from all valve-related morbidity and mortality (including operative and sudden deaths) was 62.6% +/- 2% (70.1% +/- 2% for aortic valve replacement, 56.9% +/- 2% for mitral valve replacement, and 59.8% +/- 3% for double valve replacement; p < 0.0001). Clinically, 5,988 patients (94%) are in New York Heart Association class I-II. CONCLUSIONS: The Monostrut valve has shown no structural failures and a low rate of valve-related complications over a 10-year period in a large patient population.
Assuntos
Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Análise Atuarial , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Valva Aórtica , Endocardite/epidemiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/mortalidade , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/estatística & dados numéricos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral , Desenho de Prótese , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/epidemiologia , Reoperação , Espanha , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tromboembolia/epidemiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
During the 1970s, initial clinical experience with bioprostheses determined their worldwide use. However, bioprosthetic reoperation (BPR) is now common, particularly in groups with extensive implantation of these valve substitutes. From January 1980 to December 1989, a total of 470 patients had a total of 618 reoperations for bioprosthetic dysfunction and were retrospectively analyzed. Eighty-seven patients required a second BPR, 21 a third BPR, 5 a fourth BPR and 1 patient a fifth BPR. Structural deterioration was the main cause of valve dysfunction for the first and second BPR. However, paravalvular leak and infective endocarditis were more frequent for the remaining additional reoperations. Hospital mortality was 12.6%, 14.9% and 37% after the first, second and third or subsequent BPR, respectively. Univariate statistical analysis shows as hospital mortality risk factors: age at the time of the surgery, preoperative NYHA functional class IV, emergency surgery, concomitant tricuspid surgery, double (mitro-aortic) valve dysfunction, active infective endocarditis as the cause of failure and prolonged aortic cross-clamping time. Hospital mortality declined from 19.8% to 11.8% for the first and second half decade, respectively (P less than 0.005). In conclusion, bioprosthetic valve reoperation entailed a higher hospital mortality, particularly in the risk group of patients. In our hands, surgical experience has determined the improvement of the clinical results in this group of patients.
Assuntos
Bioprótese , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Adulto , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Falha de Prótese , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Surgical anterior and superior fixation to the diaphragam of a segment of the greater curvature of the stomach simplifies the technical performance of harvesting the right gastroepiploic artery for coronary bypass grafting. Gastropexy avoids objections to the use of this pedicled arterial graft, such as the prolonged dissection time, the limited length of the conduit and the potential damage when abdominal surgery is later required.
Assuntos
Artérias/transplante , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/métodos , Omento/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Diafragma/cirurgia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estômago/irrigação sanguínea , Estômago/cirurgiaRESUMO
Sternal infection is a rare complication of median sternotomy but is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly in the case of deep sternal infection (mediastinitis). Successful treatment depends on early diagnosis and on the location (deep or superficial) of the infection. Radiological techniques have many limitations, and although 67Ga scintigraphy is effective, it delays diagnosis by 48 h. We assessed the diagnostic capacity of planar scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO)-labelled leukocytes in deep sternal infections after median sternotomy. We prospectively studied 41 patients with clinical suspicion of deep sternal infection 4 and 20 h after administration of the tracer. The final diagnosis was deep sternal infection in nine patients and superficial sternal infection in 10, with infection being ruled out in 22 patients. Planar scintigraphy did not detect any of the deep sternal infections at either 4 h or 20 h. SPECT correctly identified eight of the nine deep sternal infections at 4 h and all seven at 20 h, with no false positive results. Planar scintigraphy identified 16 of the 18 superficial sternal infections at 4 h and all of them at 20 h. SPECT identified 17 of these 18 infections at 4 h and all of them at 20 h. Other infections unrelated to the sternotomy were identified in seven patients. Leukocytes labelled with 99mTc-HMPAO are a highly reliable method for the early diagnosis of sternal infections after median sternotomy. Use of SPECT allows determination of the depth of the infection and differentiation of superficial from deep sternal infections. It is also possible to detect other sites of infection, thus providing alternative diagnoses.
Assuntos
Mediastinite/diagnóstico por imagem , Esterno/cirurgia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/diagnóstico por imagem , Tecnécio Tc 99m Exametazima , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Torácicos/efeitos adversos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Humanos , Leucócitos/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Mediastinite/etiologia , Mediastinite/mortalidade , Mediastino/irrigação sanguínea , Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Cintilografia/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Esterno/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/mortalidadeRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the normal planar and SPET patterns of the thoracic distribution of 99Tcm-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99Tcm-HMPAO) in 20 patients who had undergone a previous median sternotomy and without infectious complications at follow-up. The study included anterior and oblique anterior planar views at 4 and 20 h. SPET of the chest was also carried out at 4 and 20 h. At 4 h, the planar views showed low background vascular activity in the lungs and cardiac region in addition to the sternal uptake, which showed two patterns: homogeneous in five patients and heterogeneous in 15. A long and narrow defect of uptake along the sternal midline was the most characteristic finding. At 4 h, in addition to the background vascular activity in the lungs and cardiac region, the greatest uptake on SPET was in the sternum anteriorly and the marrow spine posteriorly without any focal uptake, allowing visualization of the mediastinum free of focal activity. At 20 h, both the planar and SPET images showed a higher organ-to-background ratio. Knowledge of these post-surgical patterns will make it easier to interpret planar and SPET images when 99Tcm-HMPAO-labelled leukocytes are used in the diagnosis of mediastinitis and sternal infections in patients who had previously undergone median sternotomy. Planar views were better for the assessment of sternal uptake, but SPET views were better for the direct visualization of the mediastinum by eliminating overlapping sternal uptake.
Assuntos
Leucócitos/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/sangue , Tecnécio Tc 99m Exametazima/sangue , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Torácicos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Doenças do Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de Referência , Esterno/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton ÚnicoRESUMO
Given the characteristics of ischemic heart disease, this condition is frequently associated with carotid and peripheral artery disease. Cardiac complications of vascular surgery and vascular complications of myocardial revascularization operations are common and severe. However, carotid artery endarterectomy or revascularization procedures for the lower extremities can be combined simultaneously with coronary artery bypass operations with acceptable results. It is difficult to determine whether or not both disorders should be treated surgically in a single stage or in two stages. This decision should be individualized according to the severity of the lesions and the risk of complications if one of these procedures is delayed.