Health habits during lockdown for COVID-19 in Spain and its effect on weight.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: a deterioration of health habits has been found in various studies caused by stressful situations such as mandatory and maintained confinement over time. This study aims to analyze the health habits of the Spanish adult population during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the possible impact on their body weight. METHOD: two thousand eight hundred and thirty-four volunteer subjects participated in the study (69.3 % women). They completed an on-line questionnaire that evaluated their health habits, as well as various sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: the results show a statistically significant link between the subjects' body mass index (BMI) and the change in their weight during lockdown (2: 79.303; p: < 0.001). Besides, a statisti-cally significant relationship between the different health habits under analysis was also found, being moderate with respect to the link between eating habits and physical activity (Cramer's V: .226). A statistically significant relationship was also found between the participants' weight and the different health habits during lockdown. The effect size of the associations was moderate in relation to the participants' eating habits (Cramer's V: .409) and physical activity (Cramer's V: .292). CONCLUSIONS: it is suggested the development of prevention programs for long lockdown periods associated with high levels of stress so as to promote a healthy diet, as well as exercise using new technologies and a proper rest, especially in overweight or obese subjects.

Body image in persons with gender dysphoria.

BACKGROUND: For subjects with gender dysphoria, body image is an important aspect of their condition. These people sometimes exhibit a strong desire to change their primary and secondary sexual characteristics. In addition, idealization of beauty has grown in importance and it may increase body dissatisfaction. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether body dissatisfaction in people with gender dysphoria is similar to that in clinical population or if it is more similar to that which may appear in general population. We also looked at gender differences in body dissatisfaction. METHODS: A set of questionnaires was administered to patients with gender dysphoria: Eating Attitudes Test (EAT- 26), body dissatisfaction sub-scale of Eating disorder inventory-two (EDI-2) and IMAGEN questionnaire. RESULTS: In the case of body dissatisfaction subscale of Eating disorder inventory-two with a cut-off 11; body dissatisfaction in our sample was close to the level presented in clinical population. However, using cut-off points 14 and 16, they exhibited a body dissatisfaction level that was similar to the general population. The same occurred for the IMAGEN questionnaire. No gender differences were found when looking at the level of dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The data seem to indicate that people with gender dysphoria would be at an intermediate point in relation to body dissatisfaction between general population and clinical population; in both female and male transsexuals. It seems that some level of body dissatisfaction may be perceived in relation to the ideal of beauty, but this dissatisfaction is significantly lower than in clinical populations.

INTRODUCCIÓN : Para las personas con disforia de género, la imagen corporal es un aspecto fundamental en su condición. Estas personas a veces manifiestan un fuerte deseo de cambiar sus caracteres sexuales primarios y secundarios. Además, socialmente el ideal de belleza ha ido cobrando cada vez más importancia pudiendo incrementar la insatisfacción corporal. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si la insatisfacción corporal en personas con disforia de género es similar a la que presenta la población clínica o si está más cerca de la que pudiera presentar la población general, así como la diferencia por géneros. MÉTODOS: Se administraron a personas con disforia de género una batería de cuestionarios en los que se incluyeron el Test de Actitudes hacia la Alimentación, la subescala de insatisfacción corporal del Inventario para los Trastornos de Alimentación y el cuestionario IMAGEN. RESULTADOS: En el caso de la subescala de insatisfacción corporal del Inventario para los Trastornos de Alimentación, con un punto de corte 11 la insatisfacción corporal de nuestra muestra estaría cercana al nivel de la población clínica. Sin embargo, usando los puntos de corte 14 y 16 si presentarían una insatisfacción corporal cercana a la población general, lo mismo para el IMAGEN. No se encontraron diferencias por géneros respecto al nivel de insatisfacción. CONCLUSIONES: Los datos parecen apuntar a que las personas con disforia de género estarían en un punto intermedio en lo que se refiere a insatisfacción corporal entre la población general y la población clínica, tanto transexuales femeninas como masculinos. Parece ser que hay cierta insatisfacción corporal que pueden percibir en relación al ideal de belleza pero esta insatisfacción es bastante menor que la que pueden tener poblaciones clínicas.