[Health status of the population as a criterion in the assessment of the quality of life]. / Sostoianie zdorov'ia naseleniia kak kriterii otsenki kachestva zhizni.

The paper analyzes the present health status of the population, including mortality of able-bodied individuals, examines the changes in age-specific mortality rates. This also gives the results of studies into the causes of increased deaths from various unfavourable exposures to occupational, environmental, socioeconomic and other factors. The paper also presents epidemiological cohort surveys of workers exposed to lead and outlines the objectives and tasks of the section "Environmental Epidemiology" of the Environmental Control Project.

[Occupational risk during chemical exposure]. / Professional'nyi risk pri vozdeistvii khimicheskogo faktora.

Methods for assessing the occupational risk were tested in chemically exposed workers at some enterprises by taking into account a priori and a posteriori components. The risk values were calculated by the indices of collective and individual health, which were used to develop conceptual models for the assessment and management of risks, whose efficiency may be evaluated. A package of measures has been worked out to reduce human health occupational risks. Practice has shown that the developed methods for assessing the occupational risk upon chemical exposure await further development and improvement.

[Calculating needs for occupational medical service during periodic medical examinations in occupational medical centers]. / Raschet potrebnosti v profpatologicheskoi pomoshchi pri provedenii periodicheskikh meditsinskikh osmotrov v tsentrakh profpatologii.

The article covers algorithm to calculate individuals who are subjects for periodic medical examinations in Occupational medical centers. The algorithm involves assessing workers exposed to chemical and occupational hazards and counting repetition factor of thorough medical examinations according to Russian Health Ministry Order No 90 (March, 14, 1996).

[Work conditions and morbidity in workers of oil industry in Azerbaijan]. / Usloviia truda i zabolevaemost neftedobytchikov Azerbaidzhana.

Levels and structure of morbidity of oil-extractors working on the mainland and continental shelf in Azerhaijan were shown. Exposure to occupational and climate factors results in the high morbidity.

[Medical and ecologic aspects of problems associated with protection of workers' reproductive health in Russia]. / Mediko-ékologicheskie aspekty problemy okhrany reproduktivnogo zdorov'ia rabotaiushchikh Rossii.

The article deals with various aspects of workers' reproductive health care during economic crisis in Russia. Deterioration of health state in children and adults threatens deeper negative demographic trends. The authors discuss basic principles of "Reproductive health as a problem in occupational medicine". Concept and suggest measures aimed to preserve and improve health of Russian population.

[Some approaches to informatics in occupational therapy service]. / K voprosu ob informatizatsii profpatologicheskoi sluzhby.

The authors present results obtained by local occupational therapy centers and concerning tests of new account forms designed by Occupational Medicine Research Institute with RAMSc for informational background of occupational therapy service.

[From industrial hygiene for women to the protection of the reproductive health of workers. Principles and outlook]. / Ot gigieny truda zhenshchin k okhrane reproduktivnogo zdorov'ia rabotaiushchikh. Printsipy i perspektivy.

The issues and prospects of workers' reproductive health as a problem of occupational health in nowadays Russia are outlined with due account for WHO, ILO, EC, etc. concepts and recommendations. Main principles of reproductive health protection are gender approach, additional protection of vulnerable groups, e. g. pregnant women and obligatory account for combined effects of occupational, environmental and socio-economic risk factors. Two groups of criteria are essential: criteria of health and criteria of emancipation. Criteria for evaluation of reproductive health disorders are worked out based on official statistical indices and it is proposed to rate some of these as of extra category class for effective risk assessment and risk management. The strategy and priorities in workers' reproductive health are discussed and need for international cooperation is noted for resolving this problem.

[Prognostication of disability caused by occupational diseases]. / K probleme prognozirovaniia invalidnosti vsledstvie professional'nykh zabolevanii.

The article shows that prophylaxis of occupational disability depends on many official departments. Priority in prophylaxis of occupational disability should include safe work conditions. Better medical prophylaxis of occupational diseases necessitates creation of occupational medical service in Russia. Examination of ability to work and rational placement of the disabled people could be effectively performed with establishment of special commissions including medical experts and occupational officials. Planning, forecasting and control of disability prophylaxis require objective and complete information on variety of subjects--creation of universal informational service based on up-to-date computers. That could consider all influencing factors and apply mathematical models to forecasting of primary occupational disability and contingent of the disabled people.

[New methodological approaches to the study and assessment of health status in occupational medicine]. / Novye metodicheskie podkhody k izucheniiu i otsenke sostoianiia zdorov'ia v meditsine truda.

The authors present materials on work conditions and workers' health state, that necessitate urgent measures to increase living standards, to meet sanitary and hygienic demands, to preserve health through alternative methods (time-related defence, early rehabilitation), to set strict economic penalties for employers' higher concern for better work conditions. The topics discussed include consideration of complex hazards (effects of chemicals coming from various media, influence of occupational and household physical factors) in setting an Allowable Daily Dose. Regional peculiarities should be taken into account in hygienic standardization.

[Occupational risk and evaluation of health damage in workers engaged in organochlorine compound production]. / Professional'nyi risk i otsenka ushcherba zdorov'iu u rabochikh khlororganicheskogo proizvodstva.

The authors analysed structure and degree of occupational risk in chlorine organic compounds production, revealed a combination of chemical, physical hazards with work burden and determined the work conditions as harmful and dangerous (3.2-3.4). With consideration of most medical and biologic parameters, high level of occupational risk appeared to correspond to significant (from medium to nearly complete) occupational conditionality of the disorders diagnosed. The suggested and approved method to determine occupational conditionality of health disorders at hazardous work conditions could serve as a basis for occupational medical standard.

[Methods to evaluate occupational risk in industrial medicine]. / Metodologiia otsenki professional'nogo riska v meditsine truda.

The authors present methods to evaluate occupational risk in industrial medicine. Those methods are based on MACs and MALs with consideration of WHO and ISO concepts, European instructions and other countries' experience. The authors justified hygienic criteria for evaluation and classification of working conditions, quantitative criteria to evaluate links of health disorders and work, methods to analyze structure and degrees of occupational risk, to analyze etiology relationships between work conditions and health disorders. The article covers based categories of occupational risks according to socially valuable medical and biologic parameters. Methodology is a basis for realization of new Federal Laws on safety and occupational medicine.

[The organization of automated information systems on occupational diseases and of the hygienic monitoring of working conditions]. / Organizatsiia avtomatizirovannykh informatsionnykh sistem po professional'nym zabolevaniiam i gigienicheskogo monitoringa po usloviiam truda.

Creation of automated database "Archive of occupational diseases clinic" is an important task of informational support for occupational pathology centers. Constructing the database, the authors designed an "Accounting chart of patient with occupational disease for diagnostic survey in occupational pathology center" and a "Diagnosis of occupational disease" code book adjusted to X ICD with instruction. Analysis of the information obtained forms a basis for forecasting the course of pathologic process, for justifying a complex of treatment and prophylaxis.

[Occupational medicine documentation as a basis for improving approaches to risk assessment and to workers' social welfare]. / Sovershenstvovanie podkhodov k otsenke riska i sotsial'noi zashchite rabotnikov na osnove dokumentov MOT po meditsine truda.

The article covers materials on medical and social problems associated with up-to-date improving the occupational medical service.

[Occupational morbidity of oil industry workers on the mainland and continental shelf]. / Professionalnaia zabolevaemost neftiannikov, rabotaiushchikh na materike i kontinentalnom shelfe.

Data of occupational morbidity in oil industry workers of Azerbaidjan are compared with the mean data in the country. Oil industry workers of mainland and shelf turned out to have different levels of occupational morbidity, depending also on the age and length of service.

[The methodological characteristics of calculating the prevented economic loss from disability resulting from occupational diseases in assessing the activities of occupational pathology centers]. / Metodicheskie osobennosti rascheta predotvrashchennogo ékonomicheskogo ushcherba ot invalidnosti vsledstvie professional'nykh zabolevanii pri otseenke deiatel'nosti tsentrov profpatologii.

Evaluation of prevented economic detriment from the occupational disablement can be used for estimating the economic efficiency of occupational centre activities. Decreased disability pensions as a main item of expenses must be taken into account in evaluation of prevented economic detriment due to the diminished disablement. Regional occupational pathology centre activities aimed at the early diagnosis of complications-free occupational diseases, complete clinical screening, active treatment and control of the adequate employment give a great social and economic effect.