Accessibility to the treatment of hypertension in the family health strategy. / Acessibilidade ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial na estratégia saúde da família.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the satisfaction about the accessibility to the treatment of people with hypertension accompanied by the Family Health Strategy. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, conducted with 417 people living in a city in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The data collection was performed between February and June of 2016, using a satisfaction instrument regarding the services provided by the Primary Health Care, using issues related to treatment accessibility. A descriptive and inferential analysis to treat the variables was adopted. RESULTS: 417 people participated in the study, from which 62.4% were elderly, 67.8% were female and 55.2% were retired/pensioners. The economic accessibility was the best evaluated indicator. The regular evaluation of the services characteristic of the geographical and organizational accessibility was significantly associated to the inadequate monitoring of these users in the Family Health Strategy. CONCLUSION: The services offered to people with arterial hypertension were evaluated as regular, presenting the main barriers related to geographical and organizational aspects.

[Association between self-reported health and sociodemographic characteristics with cardiovascular diseases in adults]. / Associação entre autopercepção de saúde e características sociodemográficas com doenças cardiovasculares em indivíduos adultos.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of sociodemographic and self-rated health in the presence of cardiovascular diseases and the association of this perception with the type of disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional population survey study carried out with 1,232 individuals aged between 20 and 59 years of both genders living in the metropolitan region of Maringá-PR. Data were analyzed using multiple and simple logistic regression. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, the age range and self-rated health were associated with cardiovascular disease, and in the univariate analysis self-rated regular health was associated with arterial hypertension, while self-rated poor health was associated to heart failure, stroke, and to acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). CONCLUSION: The differences in association of self-rated health with these diseases can indicate how individuals with certain characteristics cope with the disease, allowing for more individualized and specific health care.

Men's experience of caring for a family member with cancer: a theory based on data.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the meaning attributed by men to the experience of caring for their family member with cancer and to develop a substantive theory that represents the experience of men caring for their family member with cancer. METHOD: this is qualitative research guided by the methodological framework of Grounded Theory and the precepts of Symbolic Interactionism. A form with identification and interview data was used. The analysis followed the substantive and theoretical coding stages. RESULTS: 12 male caregivers of their family member with cancer participated. The constant comparative analysis of the data allowed the creation of a substantive theory "Experiencing the care of a family member with cancer: men as a caregivers" explaining the experience that has as its central category "The love that drives care", representing the symbolic actions and attitudes of men living in the context of illness due to cancer and care. CONCLUSION: the theory allowed us to understand feelings, perceptions, ways of acting and facing the diagnosis, providing care, recognizing difficulties and learning from the situations that arise, making explicit the interactional processes and symbolic elements present and how these influence male caregivers in their actions and attitudes. BACKGROUND: (1) For men, caring is a choice (2) Taking care symbolizes a way of expressing love and reciprocation. (3) Love in caring is strengthened by reciprocity, commitment, gratitude and zeal. (4) To provide care, man reorganizes himself and adjusts to the conditions that present themselves (5) Male caregivers need to be heard and included in the actions of health teams.

[Structural, developmental and functional evaluation of the family of individuals with arterial hypertension]. / Avaliação estrutural, desenvolvimental e funcional da família de indivíduos com hipertensão arterial.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the structure, development and functionality of the family that suffers from arterial hypertension. This is a qualitative study, developed with two families using the Calgary Model of Family Evaluation. It proposes the use of three categories of analysis: structural developmental and functional, and the use of a genogram and an ecomap. The two families are nuclear, however one is formed by the couple and their three sons who are married and reside in different homes. The other is a single-parent family established by the mother and children. The married son resides at another house in the same backyard with wife and daughter The application of the model of family evaluation allowed knowing the aspects related to the structure, operation and development of the two families that interfere impair or favor the development of the care in their quotidian.

Geoprogrammatic disparities in the performance of tuberculosis indicators in the homeless population in Brazil: an ecological approach. / Disparidades geoprogramáticas do desempenho de indicadores da tuberculose na população em situação de rua no Brasil: uma abordagem ecológica.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the performance and spatial distribution of tuberculosis control indicators in the homeless population in Brazil. METHODS: Ecological study, which had the regions and federal units of Brazil as the unit of analysis. The indicators considered, referring to the period from 2015 to 2021, were: proportion of HIV testing, proportion of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection, proportion of directly observed treatment, and proportion of outcomes (cure, treatment abandonment and death). The calculation was performed on each ecological unit, as recommended by the Ministry of Health. For the production of geographic figures, the technique of natural breaks was used. RESULTS: It was identified that people living on the streets had: low HIV testing, especially in Pará (71.7%); high proportion of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, especially in Rio Grande do Sul (39.9%); and unsatisfactory implementation of directly observed treatment, mainly in Paraíba (7.7%). With regard to outcomes, there was a high rate of treatment abandonment, with a higher proportion in Roraima (52.9%), and a high number of deaths, with an emphasis on Mato Grosso do Sul (23.1%), which also recorded the worst cure rate (28.7%). CONCLUSION: There was evidence of poor performance of tuberculosis control indicators in homeless people, with heterogeneous distribution between states and regions of the country, and it is clear that most of them had insufficient results. These data raise the persistence of difficulties and challenges inherent to the implementation of tuberculosis control strategies for this population in the national territory.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o desempenho e a distribuição espacial de indicadores de controle da tuberculose na população em situação de rua no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico, que teve como unidade de análise as regiões e as unidades federadas do Brasil. Os indicadores considerados, referentes ao período de 2015 a 2021, foram: proporção de testagem para HIV, proporção de coinfecção tuberculose-HIV, proporção de realização do tratamento diretamente observado e proporção dos desfechos (cura, abandono do tratamento e óbito). O cálculo foi efetuado sobre cada unidade ecológica, conforme recomendações do Ministério da Saúde. Para a produção das figuras geográficas, utilizou-se a técnica de quebras naturais. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se que as pessoas em situação de rua apresentaram: baixa testagem para HIV, com destaque para o Pará (71,7%); alta proporção de coinfecção tuberculose-HIV, especialmente no Rio Grande do Sul (39,9%); e implementação insatisfatória do tratamento diretamente observado, principalmente na Paraíba (7,7%). No que se refere aos desfechos, verificou-se elevado abandono do tratamento, com maior proporção em Roraima (52,9%), e alto número de óbitos, com ênfase para o Mato Grosso do Sul (23,1%), que também registrou a pior proporção de cura (28,7%). CONCLUSÃO: Evidenciou-se baixo desempenho dos indicadores de controle da tuberculose nas pessoas em situação de rua, com distribuição heterogênea entre os estados e as regiões do país, sendo notório que a maioria deles teve resultados insuficientes. Esses dados suscitam a persistência de dificuldades e desafios inerentes à implementação das estratégias de controle da tuberculose para essa população no território nacional.

Development of a mobile application for emergency shift handovers using the National Early Warning Score.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a prototype of a mobile application shift handover between nurses in the emergency room using a severity scale. METHOD: This is a technological tool carried out at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá using design thinking, divided into four phases: discovering, defining, developing, and delivering. To structure the information, a checklist was used based on the Situation Background Assessment Recommendation, and to categorize patients in terms of severity, the National Early Warning Score was used. The validation of the sample was carried out by 10 nurses, specialized in the field of urgency and emergency, using the System Usability Scale questionnaire to assess usability. The content validity coefficient was used for analysis. RESULTS: The application scored 75.75 in usability and had a content validity coefficient of 0.8. CONCLUSION: The prototype obtained an excellent evaluation of usability and agreement between evaluators. Future studies are needed for implementation in practice, evaluating the practicality, applicability, efficiency and time savings in shift information transfer.

Assessment of the Psychosocial Care Center multidisciplinary team from users' and family members' perspective.

OBJECTIVES: to assess the multidisciplinary team of a Psychosocial Care Center I from users' and family members' perspective. METHODS: an evaluative study, anchored in the fourth generation evaluation theoretical-methodological framework, carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center I, from September 2021 to March 2022. Eleven users and 06 family members participated. Data were collected through non-participant observation, individual interviews and negotiation sessions, and analyzed using the Constant Comparative Method, using the MAXQDA software. RESULTS: the team develops its care based on individual and collective care, with integrated and complementary work by professionals. They seek to facilitate treatment initiation and continuation, considering health needs and offering support, understanding and guidance to users and their families. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the multidisciplinary team's work is based on the psychosocial paradigm, which can qualify care and strengthen the service role in the mental health network.

[Risks of drug-nutrient interaction for the elderly in long-term care institutions]. / Riscos da interação droga-nutriente em idosos de instituição de longa permanência.

This study was aimed at verifying the risks of drug-nutrient interactions in the elderly residents of a long-term care institution. Descriptive study of quantitative approach, performed in 73 elderly people. Data collection occurred in 2008 through analysis of medical records, diet history and evaluation of the BMI. Data evidenced that the drugs more frequently used were the ones for nervous and cardiovascular systems, totaling approximately 66% of the prescriptions; among the 375 drugs prescribed 166 make some type of interaction, 32.0% reduce the effect of drug absorption when there is use with caffeine and 14.3% reduce the B12 vitamin absorption. Taking several drugs of continuous use may cause damage to the absorption of nutrients. The action of the health team becomes vital, through careful evaluation of the administered drugs, diet and interaction between them, to benefit the elderly with a better use of the therapeutics and improvement of the nutritional conditions.

Nursing diagnoses in elderly people with diabetes mellitus according to Orem's Self-Care Theory.

OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing diagnoses and conditioning factors of self-care in older adults with diabetes mellitus, in the light of Orem's Theory of Self-Care. METHODS: Exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted with the theoretical framework of Orem's Theory of Self-Care. It was developed with 12 older people with diabetes, in a country's southern municipality, between October and November 2019. For data collection, it was used individual interviews and focus groups. The data was submitted to thematic and content analysis directed to taxonomy II of NANDA International. RESULTS: Twenty nursing diagnoses related to universal self-care requirements and health deviations were identified. All diagnoses were anchored in the supportive-education nursing system. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The development of the disease and the consequences of chronic hyperglycemia were poorly recognized by the elderly, interfering with low adherence to self-care practices and disease control.

Longitudinal treatment of smoking in Primary Health Care: an evaluation research.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the coordination of the attention for continuing treatment for smoking cessation in the Primary Health Care, from the perspective of users. METHODS: the conceptual base was longitudinal care, which is an attribute of the National Policy of Primary Care. The methodological framework was that of an evaluative research, as informed by theory-based evaluation. Data collection used observation with moderate participation in the groups to abandon smoking, intensive interviews with 22 users, and analysis of medical records. The interviews used initial and focused coding, which are analytical stages of the Grounded Theory, with the aid of the MaxQDA® software. RESULTS: the interviewees had a positive evaluation of their treatment for smoking, although they mentioned limitations for medium- and long-term continuity. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the smoking treatment sessions, even if infrequent, were found to be a successful experience for smoking cessation.

Factors associated with the skills of informal caregivers in home care.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with cognitive, emotional, psychomotor, and relational skills of informal caregivers in home care. METHODS: A cross-sectional study carried out with a sample of 216 informal caregivers residing in a municipality in the state of Paraná. Data collection took place between February and July 2019, with an instrument developed and validated to assess the skills of informal caregivers. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used. RESULTS: The factors associated with a greater competence of informal caregivers were being female, having training in the field, and having more than five years home care experience. The lowest competence was observed in caregivers who had health problems and belonged to the lowest strata of family purchasing power. Participants had lower scores in psychomotor competence and had better results in cognitive competence. CONCLUSION: It was found that women with experience in care had higher levels of competence to provide quality care at home assistance services.

Meanings attributed to changes occurring after bariatric surgery: an analysis in the light of Grounded Theory.

OBJECTIVES: to understand the meanings attributed to the changes experienced after bariatric surgery by people with obesity. METHODS: this is a study with a qualitative approach, with a theoretical framework in Symbolic Interactionism; and methodological, in the Grounded Theory. There were 12 participants who underwent bariatric surgery in two health services (bariatric surgery clinic; general hospital). Data collection took place between July and October 2020, through an intensive interview. Testimonies were recorded using an electronic device and transcribed in full. Data were coded in the MAXQDA 2020 software and analyzed considering the adopted theoretical framework. RESULTS: two categories emerged: Rebuilding a social life; and Rediscovering self-esteem. From the articulation of these categories, the phenomenon "Re-signifying life after bariatric surgery" was constructed. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: bariatric surgery contributed to significant changes in the daily lives of participants, and Symbolic Interactionism allowed the understanding of how participants interpreted their meanings.

Construction and validation of clinical scenarios for training informal caregivers of dependent persons.

OBJECTIVE: To construct and validate three clinical scenarios for training dependent persons' informal caregivers. METHODS: Methodological study, conducted between January and August 2021, in a municipality in the northwest of the state of Paraná. It was developed in two stages: construction of scenarios; and content validation by experts (n = 12). To estimate the degree of agreement between the experts, the content validity index was used, and 80% was considered an acceptable rate of agreement. RESULTS: The simulation scenarios proved appropriate, obtaining an average value of 91.6%. However, some adjustments were made in their organization pertaining clarity in the wording of guidelines, as suggested by the expert validators. CONCLUSIONS: The construction and validation of the clinical scenarios proved to be adequate and relevant for use in the training of informal caregivers of dependent persons.

Validation of the Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire for Brazil - short version.

OBJECTIVES: to cross-culturally adapt the short version of the Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire to the Brazilian culture and test its psychometric properties. METHODS: the questionnaire was translated, adapted, and applied to a sample of 280 informal caregivers. The psychometric assessment was verified by estimating psychometric sensitivity and internal structure validity. RESULTS: inter-rater agreement was satisfactory among specialists. In the seven-factor model, item (Q9) of the domain "Perception of Efficacy and Control Mechanisms" showed a factor loading less than 0.40 (ʎ = 0.26), and an alternative six-factor model was evaluated. However, both models showed excellent fit indices, and it was decided to keep the seven-factor reference model. Reliability was satisfactory for the seven subscales (α > 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: the questionnaire was adapted and showed adequate psychometric indices in the Brazilian context in which it was evaluated, preserving its original essence.

Construct validity and internal consistency of the Brazilian version of Leisure Attitude Measurement for the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the construct validity and internal consistency of the Brazilian version of Leisure Attitude Measurement for the elderly. METHOD: Methodological study with a quantitative approach. The data were collected for three months through domiciliary visits to a random and representative sample of 384 elders. The internal consistency was measured through Cronbach alpha coefficient. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis. Factor extraction was conducted per principal components, following the Kaiser criterion, with rotation through Varimax solution. RESULTS: The participants' mean age was 70,9 and they were mostly women, married, living with relatives, with one to four years of education, and with an income of up to one minimum wage. The final model of the instrument has conserved three factors, under the parsimony criterion, explaining 50% of data variance, with a total of 27 items distributed across the cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains, with an overall Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.89. CONCLUSION: The proposed structural model has shown construct validity and an appropriate internal consistency, explaining 50% of data variability. Its application can promote the understanding of social reality and encourage a positive attitude and elderly engagement in leisure activities.

Professional competency for elder care: perception among professors, nursing students, and nurses.

OBJECTIVE: to know the perception of nurses, undergraduate students, and professors about the competencies for professional nurses in elder care. METHODS: this is a qualitative analytical study developed with six professors, four nurses, and 12 nursing students. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Fiorin's Discourse technique, with support from the MAXQDA software. RESULTS: the competencies identified included knowledge of theories and general concepts of gerontology, communication, listening, leadership, teamwork, proactivity, respect, and empathy. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: knowing the competencies contributes to understanding the aging process and qualifying nurses for elder care.

Effectiveness of nursing case management versus usual care for blood pressure control in adults with hypertension: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of nursing case management in primary health care, compared to usual care, in improving blood pressure in adults over 18 years with hypertension. METHODS: Systematic review that includes studies carried out with adult patients diagnosed with hypertension, with or without other concomitant chronic diseases, followed-up by a case manager nurse, who evaluated the effectiveness of case management in the improvement of blood pressure. A critical evaluation of the studies was made and the results of interest were described using the instruments and tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, the results of similar measures were not grouped in statistical meta-analysis. A narrative and tabular format was used to synthesize and present them. RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials were critically evaluated and included in the review. The total sample was 1963 participants. The results showed the outcomes compared at baseline and at the end of follow-up (six or twelve months). Regarding the main outcome, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, there was some reduction in the group followed-up through case management in studies lasting six months; however, the impossibility of comparing the findings poses limitations to answering the questions in this review. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the heterogeneity of the studies, the narrative and tabular analysis demonstrated that short-term case management in primary care (six-month studies) helped to reduce blood pressure levels, although the level of evidence for these results is low or very low.

[Increase in the complaints of the elderly about supplemental health in Brazil]. / Aumento nas reclamações de idosos sobre a saúde suplementar no Brasil.

The scope of this study was to describe the complaints of elderly Brazilians received by the National Supplemental Health Agency. It is an ecological study, with secondary data from the Integrated Inspection System. A trend analysis of the complaints received by the National Supplemental Health Agency of elderly beneficiaries from all over Brazil was conducted between 2008 and 2017. A total of 111,497 complaints were filed by elderly beneficiaries of the supplemental health system. The highest number of complaints (27.07) and the highest average annual increase (7.79, r2=0, 97), and the South region, with the lowest average rate for the period (7.11) and the lowest observed mean annual increase (1.84; r2=0.92) were identified. The highest rate of complaints was related to the coverage of the plan, between the elderly aged 70 to 79 and beneficiaries of individual or family plans. Growing dissatisfaction among older people with the supplemental health system reflected the large number of complaints received by the National Supplemental Health Agency over a period of nine years.

O objetivo foi descrever as reclamações de idosos brasileiros recebidas pela Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, com dados secundários provenientes do Sistema Integrado de Fiscalização. Realizou-se análise de tendência das reclamações recebidas pela Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar de beneficiários idosos de todo o Brasil, no período de 2008 a 2017. Analisaram-se 111.497 reclamações realizadas por idosos beneficiários da saúde suplementar. Identificou-se aumento das taxas de reclamações para todas as regiões do país, com destaque para a região Nordeste, que apresentou a maior taxa média de reclamações (27,07) e o maior aumento médio anual (7,79; r2=0,97), e a região Sul, com a menor taxa média para o período (7,11) e o menor aumento médio anual observado (1,84; r2=0,92). A maior taxa de reclamações foi relacionada à cobertura do plano, entre idosos de 70 a 79 anos e beneficiários de planos individuais ou familiares. A crescente insatisfação de idosos com o sistema de saúde suplementar refletiu no grande número de reclamações recebidas pela Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar ao longo de nove anos.

Construction and validation of self-care educational technology for caregivers.

OBJECTIVES: to build and validate educational self-care technology for informal caregivers. METHODS: methodological study, anchored in the Delphi technique, carried out in a municipality in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between September 2018 and November 2019. It was developed in three stages: situational diagnosis; elaboration of educational technology; content and appearance validation by expert judges and informal caregivers, using the content validity index and coefficient of variation. RESULTS: after the steps of the methodological process, an educational technology called "Taking Care of Those Who Care" was produced, as an information tool that deals with the self-care of informal caregivers, receiving a content validity index above 0.86 and a variation coefficient. below 20% on all items. CONCLUSIONS: the educational technology was built and evaluated with satisfactory rates by the specialists and target audience, showing a high correlation of agreement, characterizing it as adequate and informative to informal caregivers.

Association between workaholism and quality of life in stricto sensu graduate professors in nursing.

OBJECTIVES: to investigate the association between workaholism and quality of life in stricto sensu graduate professors in Nursing. METHODS: a cross-sectional study developed with a total of 333 professors working in the Graduate Programs of Brazilian public universities. Data collection took place in the second semester of 2018, using an electronic form containing a characterization questionnaire, the Dutch Work Addiction Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-BREF. The data were analyzed by univariate and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: it was observed that 82.3% of the professors reported low general quality of life and 19.5%, high level of excessive work and 20.1% of compulsive work. Professors who worked compulsively and excessively were less likely to have a high quality of life in the overall, physical, psychological, social relations and environment domains (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the high work demands that are characteristic of the stricto sensu professors' work process are directly associated with low quality of life.