Comparison of efficacy of local anesthetic solution, distilled water and normal saline as emergency fixatives.

CONTEXT: Adequate tissue fixation is fundamental to good quality histological sections. Owing to undesirable effects of 10% buffered formalin, its availability in clinics is questionable. Thus, the present study was conducted with a novel approach to fixation, together with the scope of finding fixative properties of more commonly used reagents available at the clinics. AIMS: The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of local anesthetic solution, normal saline (NS) and distilled water (DW) with that of 10% neutral-buffered formalin. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It is a single-blinded study where histological assessment of fixation was done to assert if the tissues procured were sufficient or insufficient for the clinical diagnosis with/without any problems. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty soft-tissue specimens obtained from 2 goat tongue were used. Tissues each were directly immersed in local anesthesia, DW, NS solution and formalin for 12 and 24 h each and labeled as Group I and Group II, respectively. The sections were evaluated for staining quality and were subjected to statistical analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to assess the differences in histological quality scores. Comparison between the tissues of the two groups was estimated with Mann-Whitney U-test. Kappa Statistic was used to measure the interobserver variation. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in the efficacy of all the three emergency fixatives. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the results obtained, local anesthetic solution can be used as an emergency fixative.

Round Cell Tumors: Classification and Immunohistochemistry.

Round cell tumors as the name suggest are comprised round cells with increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. This group of tumor includes entities such as peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. These round cells tumors are characterized by typical histological pattern, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features that can help in differential diagnosis. The present article describes the classification and explains the histopathology and immunohistochemistry of some important round cell tumors.

Endodontic treatment and esthetic management of a primary double tooth with direct composite using silicone buildup guide.

Gemination and fusion are morphological dental anomalies, characterized by the formation of a clinically wide tooth. Gemination occurs when one tooth bud tries to divide, while fusion occurs if two buds unite. The terms double teeth, double formation, conjoined teeth, geminifusion, vicinifusion and dental twinning are often used to describe fusion and gemination. Double teeth are associated with clinical problems such as poor esthetics, spacing problems and caries susceptibility. Management of such cases requires a comprehensive knowledge of the clinical entity as well as the problems associated with it. This report presents a case of primary double tooth in a 6-year-old boy involving maxillary left central incisor. The anomalous tooth was carious and pulpally involved. This was treated conservatively by endodontic treatment and esthetic rehabilitation was done with direct composite restoration using a silicone buildup guide. The treated tooth was followed up until exfoliation.