YOLOX-Ray: An Efficient Attention-Based Single-Staged Object Detector Tailored for Industrial Inspections.

Industrial inspection is crucial for maintaining quality and safety in industrial processes. Deep learning models have recently demonstrated promising results in such tasks. This paper proposes YOLOX-Ray, an efficient new deep learning architecture tailored for industrial inspection. YOLOX-Ray is based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection algorithms and integrates the SimAM attention mechanism for improved feature extraction in the Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) and Path Aggregation Network (PAN). Moreover, it also employs the Alpha-IoU cost function for enhanced small-scale object detection. YOLOX-Ray's performance was assessed in three case studies: hotspot detection, infrastructure crack detection and corrosion detection. The architecture outperforms all other configurations, achieving mAP50 values of 89%, 99.6% and 87.7%, respectively. For the most challenging metric, mAP50:95, the achieved values were 44.7%, 66.1% and 51.8%, respectively. A comparative analysis demonstrated the importance of combining the SimAM attention mechanism with Alpha-IoU loss function for optimal performance. In conclusion, YOLOX-Ray's ability to detect and to locate multi-scale objects in industrial environments presents new opportunities for effective, efficient and sustainable inspection processes across various industries, revolutionizing the field of industrial inspections.

Neural Architecture Search for 1D CNNs-Different Approaches Tests and Measurements.

In the field of sensors, in areas such as industrial, clinical, or environment, it is common to find one dimensional (1D) formatted data (e.g., electrocardiogram, temperature, power consumption). A very promising technique for modelling this information is the use of One Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (1D CNN), which introduces a new challenge, namely how to define the best architecture for a 1D CNN. This manuscript addresses the concept of One Dimensional Neural Architecture Search (1D NAS), an approach that automates the search for the best combination of Neuronal Networks hyperparameters (model architecture), including both structural and training hyperparameters, for optimising 1D CNNs. This work includes the implementation of search processes for 1D CNN architectures based on five strategies: greedy, random, Bayesian, hyperband, and genetic approaches to perform, collect, and analyse the results obtained by each strategy scenario. For the analysis, we conducted 125 experiments, followed by a thorough evaluation from multiple perspectives, including the best-performing model in terms of accuracy, consistency, variability, total running time, and computational resource consumption. Finally, by presenting the optimised 1D CNN architecture, the results for the manuscript's research question (a real-life clinical case) were provided.

Sickle cell anemia in the state of Maranhão: a haplotype study.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most severe form of sickle cell disease caused by homozygosity of the ßS-gene (S/S or ßSßS) and has worldwide distribution. Six polymorphic sites in the ß-globin gene cluster were analyzed from a sample of 56 chromosomes of patients with SCA from the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. PCR-RFLP showed that the CAR haplotype was predominant with a frequency of 64.28%, followed by the BEN haplotype (28.57%). Atypical haplotypes were identified at a frequency of 7.15%. Genotypes CAR/CAR, BEN/BEN, and CAR/BEN were present in 46.43%, 10.71%, and 35.71% of patients, respectively. ß-Globin haplotype determination is important not only for the monitoring and prognosis of patients with SCA, but it also serves to inform anthropological studies that contribute to elucidating any peculiarities associated with African influences that contributed to the ethnological, economic, cultural, and social formation of Brazil. The high frequency of the CAR/CAR and CAR/BEN haplotypes in this study, which are associated with low levels of fetal hemoglobin, may ultimately reflect a severe clinical course and poor prognosis in patients with SCA in Maranhão.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha mediates orofacial discomfort in an occlusal dental interference model in rats: The role of trigeminal ganglion inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the early stages of inflammation. In this study, we investigated its role in orofacial discomfort in rats subjected to occlusal dental interference (ODI). METHODS: Female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were divided in three groups (n = 30/group): sham group, without ODI, and two experimental groups with ODI pre-treated with 0.1 mL/kg saline (ODI + SAL) or 5 mg/kg infliximab (ODI + INF) and treated every 3 days. The animals were euthanized after 1, 3, and 7 days. The number of bites and scratches and grimace scale scores were determined daily, and the bilateral trigeminal ganglion was histomorphometrically (neuronal body area) analyzed and submitted for immunohistochemistry for TNF-α, nitric oxide synthesis (NOS) neuronal (nNOS) and inducible (iNOS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) y (PPARy) and δ/ß (PPARδ/ß), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). One-way/two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests were used (P < .05, GraphPad Prism 5.0). RESULTS: ODI + SAL showed a large number of bites (P = .002), scratches (P = .002), and grimace scores (P < .001) in the firsts days, and ODI + INF partially reduced these parameters. The contralateral and ipsilateral neuronal body area was significantly reduced on day 1 in ODI + SAL, but returned to the basal size on days 3 and 7, by increase in TNF-α, nNOS, PPARy, PPARδ/ß, and GFAP immunostaining. The infliximab treatment attenuated these alterations (P < .05). There was no iNOS immunostaining. CONCLUSION: Occlusal dental interference induced transitory orofacial discomfort by trigeminal inflammatory mediator overexpression, and TNF-α blockage attenuated these processes.

Inadequate prenatal care utilization and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Over the last decades there has been a reduction of social inequalities in Brazil, as well as a strong expansion of health services, including prenatal care. The objective of the present study was to estimate the rate of inadequate prenatal care utilization and its associated factors in São Luís, Brazil, in 2010 and to determine whether there was a reduction of inequity in prenatal care use by comparing the present data to those obtained from a previous cohort started in 1997/98. METHODS: Data from the BRISA (Brazilian birth cohort studies of Ribeirão Preto and São Luís) population-based cohort, which started in 2010 (5067 women), were used. The outcome variable was the inadequate utilization of prenatal care, classified according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The explanatory variables were organized into three hierarchical levels based on the Andersen's behavioral model of the use of health services: predisposing, enabling and need factors. RESULTS: Only 2.0% of the women did not attend at least one prenatal care visit. The rate of inadequate prenatal care utilization was 36.7%. Despite an improved adequacy of prenatal care use from 47.3% in 1997/98 to 58.2% in 2010, social inequality persisted: both low maternal schooling (prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.78; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.23-3.47 for 0 to 4 years of study) and low family income, less than 0.5 monthly minimum wage per capita (PR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.22-1. 54), continued to be associated with higher rates of inadequate prenatal care utilization. Racial disparity regarding adequate utilization of prenatal services was detected, with black (PR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.04-1.36) and mulatto (PR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.02-1.26) women showing higher rates of inadequate use. On the other hand, women covered by the FHP - Family Health Program (PR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.85-0.98) showed a lower rate of inadequate prenatal care utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Despite strong expansion of health services and expressive improvements in adequate prenatal care use and social indicators, inequalities in prenatal care use still persist. The FHP seems to be effective in reducing inadequate prenatal care utilization.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on airlines' passenger satisfaction.

This study aims to understand airline passengers' satisfaction trends by analyzing the most influential factors on satisfaction before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consists of a dataset with 9745 passenger reviews published on airlinequality.com. The reviews were analyzed with a sentiment analysis tool calibrated for the aviation industry for accuracy. Machine learning algorithms were then implemented to predict review sentiment based on airline company, travelers' type and class, and country of origin. Findings show passengers were unhappy before the pandemic, aggravated after the COVID-19 outbreak. The staff's behavior is the main factor influencing passengers' satisfaction. Predictive modeling showed that it is possible to predict negative review sentiments with satisfactory performance rather than positive reviews. The main takeaway is that passengers, after the pandemic, are most worried about refunds and aircraft cabin cleanliness. From a managerial standpoint, airline companies can benefit from the created knowledge to adjust their strategies in agreement and meet their customers' expectations.

Use of Thermoregulatory Models to Evaluate Heat Stress in Industrial Environments.

Heat stress in many industrial workplaces imposes significant risk of injury to individuals. As a means of quantifying these risks, a comparison of four rationally developed thermoregulatory models was conducted. The health-risk prediction (HRP) model, the human thermal regulation model (HuTheReg), the SCENARIO model, and the six-cylinder thermoregulatory model (SCTM) each used the same inputs for an individual, clothing, activity rates, and environment based on previously observed conditions within the Portuguese glass industry. An analysis of model correlations was conducted for predicted temperatures (°C) of brain (TBrain), skin (TSkin), core body (TCore), as well as sweat evaporation rate (ER; Watts). Close agreement was observed between each model (0.81-0.98). Predicted mean ± SD of active phases of exposure for both moderate (TBrain 37.8 ± 0.25, TSkin 36.7 ± 0.49, TCore 37.8 ± 0.45 °C, and ER 207.7 ± 60.4 W) and extreme heat (TBrain 39.1 ± 0.58, TSkin, 38.6 ± 0.71, TCore 38.7 ± 0.65 °C, and ER 468.2 ± 80.2 W) were assessed. This analysis quantifies these heat-risk conditions and provides a platform for comparison of methods to more fully predict heat stress during exposures to hot environments.

Photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in zoledronic acid-induced osteonecrosis in rats.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), using methylene blue (MBO) and photobiomodulation therapy (PT), on the alveolar bone of rats submitted to bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the maxillaries (OMB) model using zoledronic acid (ZA). METHODS: Sixty rats divided into six groups were used: SALINE, PDT, ZA, ZA+PDT, ZA+PT, and ZA+MBO. Three weekly administrations (Days 0, 7, and 14) of ZA 0.20 mg/kg or saline solution were performed. After one month (Day 42), the exodontia of the left lower first molars were performed. An additional dose of ZA was administered at Day 49. PDT was performed on days 42, 45, 49, and 54. One month after exodontia (Day 70), the animals were euthanized to obtain samples for imaging and microscopic analysis. ANOVA/Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The ZA+PDT group showed a significantly lower percentage of apoptotic osteocytes than the ZA group (p < 0.001). The ZA+MBO, ZA+PT, and PDT groups significantly reduced the number of mononuclear cells compared to the ZA group (p < 0.001). The ZA+PT and ZA+PDT groups showed a significant reduction in the number of CD 68+ (p < 0.001) and CD3+ (p = 0.002) cells compared to the ZA group. The number of cells expressing INF-y had a significant reduction in the groups co-treated with PT and PDT compared to the ZA group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that PDT and PT attenuated the severity of OMB and the inflammatory process due to a reduction of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and cytokines that stimulate the activity of these cells.

Photobiomodulation and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjunct in the treatment and prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: A case report.

CASE REPORT: We report on a patient with a history of radiotherapy to the head and neck region exhibiting necrotic bone exposure associated with fistula and purulent exudation in the mandible, with the diagnosis of stage 3 osteoradionecrosis, in addition to a periapical cyst in the maxillary anterior region and multiple root remnants. An antibiotic coverage protocol with amoxicillin and metronidazole was prescribed for subsequent necrotic bone removal. The surgical procedure was performed along with the aPDT using methylene blue and red light, followed by coaptation of the edges of the surgical wound and the healing protocol with LLLT. The extraction of non-rehabilitated teeth was performed two per session using antibiotic coverage, aPDT, and LLLT and mouthwash with 0.12 % chlorhexidine was prescribed until the complete closure of the surgical wound was achieved. Additionally, two aPDT sessions and four LLLT protocols were performed for complete healing of the surgical sites. Extra and intraoral examinations and panoramic and periapical radiographs were performed. No emergence or recurrence of osteonecrosis was observed after 12 months of follow-up.

A novel point mutation in a class IV glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant (G6PD São Paulo) and polymorphic G6PD variants in São Paulo State, Brazil.

In this study, we used red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity to screen for G6PD-deficient individuals in 373 unrelated asymptomatic adult men who were working with insecticides (organophosphorus and carbamate) in dengue prevention programs in 27 cities in São Paulo State, Brazil. Twenty-one unrelated male children suspected of having erythroenzymopathy who were attended at hospitals in São Paulo city were also studied. Fifteen of the 373 adults and 12 of the 21 children were G6PD deficient. G6PD gene mutations were investigated in these G6PD-deficient individuals by using PCR-RFLP, PCR-SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing. Twelve G6PD A-202A/376G and two G6PD Seattle844C, as well as a new variant identified as G6PD São Paulo, were detected among adults, and 11 G6PD A-202A/376G and one G6PD Seattle844C were found among children. The novel mutation c.660C > G caused the replacement of isoleucine by methionine (I220M) in a region near the dimer interface of the molecule. The conservative nature of this mutation (substitution of a nonpolar aliphatic amino acid for another one) could explain why there was no corresponding change in the loss of G6PD activity (64.5% of normal activity in both cases).

Globe Temperature and Its Measurement: Requirements and Limitations.

This study addresses the measurement of the globe temperature. For this purpose, two globe thermometers with different diameters (50 and 150 mm) and a variety of thermal environmental conditions were considered. The assessments of the response times and of the influences of the globe diameter and the air velocity on the measured globe temperatures are discussed. The results of the response times clearly put in evidence that the values usually stated in the literature can be questioned and that longer measurement periods must be considered. In fact, response times >30 min were obtained in 68% of the tests performed. Moreover, differences >20ºC were obtained between the 150 and 50 mm sensors, highlighting the influence of the globe diameter. The analysis of the effect of the air velocity on the globe temperature shows mean relative differences >30% between tests in still air and with the higher air velocity considered (1.81 m s-1). On the basis of measurements carried out with the 50 mm globe, correction equations to the standard globe temperature for both natural and forced convection are proposed.

Replacement costs of cold storage equipment for medical products of public healthcare establishments of European Union countries.

This study presents a quantification of the financial needs to maintain the stock of cold equipment for the preservation of medical products in public health care establishments of European Union (EU) countries. The conditions that must be guaranteed, the types of equipment used, the installed capacity, the total annual financial needs and the estimate of its evolution in the near future are addressed. A field survey involving Portuguese establishments of various types and dimensions was performed in order to assess the currently installed volume by type of equipment. Through an analysis based on possible scenarios and using a methodology considered adequate, the financial needs to maintain such equipment in operation was estimated for Portugal, for each EU country and for the EU as a whole. The economic value of these amounts in 2017 and following years was obtained assuming the average price of each type of equipment and considering an expected evolution of its value.

Assessment of thermal environments: working conditions in the portuguese glass industry.

The objective of the present contribution is to assess the exposure to hot thermal environments in the Portuguese glass industry. For this purpose a field survey was carried out and the measurements took place in industrial units - five industries and nineteen workplaces were considered-so all the results are based on real working conditions. In order to assess the level of heat exposure the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index and the Predicted Heat Strain (PHS) model, defined in ISO Standards 7243 (1989) and 7933 (2004), respectively, were used. According to the WBGT index, the results show that almost 80% of the workplaces under analysis are prone to heat stress conditions. If the PHS model is considered, the results highlight that the predicted and the maximum sweat rates present equal values in about 40% of the workplaces. In addition, in almost 25% of the workplaces the estimated rectal temperature was higher than 38°C, just for an exposure period of one hour. Thus, the present study brings to light the characteristics of the glass industry in terms of the occupational exposure to hot environments and places this activity sector as one of the most difficult to deal with.

[Prevalence of illicit drug use and associated factors during pregnancy in the BRISA cohort]. / Prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de drogas ilícitas em gestantes da coorte BRISA.

This study analyzes the prevalence of illicit drug use and associated factors during pregnancy. This was a cross-sectional study of participants in the BRISA prenatal care cohort. Frequencies and hierarchical logistic regression were used. Estimated prevalence rates were 1.45% for illicit drug use, 22.32% for alcohol consumption, and 4.22% for smoking. The study population was mostly young (81% in the 20-34-year bracket), with 9 to 11 years of schooling (75.55%), with more than half of the women outside the workforce (52.18%), and in economic class "C" (67.61%). Pregnant women showed a high level of stress (24.46%), moderate to intense anxiety (40.84%), and severe depressive symptoms (28.8%). Approximately half (49.72%) of the pregnant women reported some type of violence, and they had wide networks (72.77%) and low social support (65.21%). Use of legal drugs, high stress levels, and single parenthood were independently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy.

Red cell aspartate aminotransferase saturation with oral pyridoxine intake.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The coenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase is pyridoxal phosphate, generated from fresh vegetables containing pyridoxine. Vitamin B6-responsive sideroblastic anemia, myelofibrosis and Peyronies syndrome respond to high pyridoxine doses. The objective was to investigate the oral pyridoxine oral dose that would lead to maximized pyridoxal phosphate saturation of red cell aspartate aminotransferase. DESIGN AND SETTING: Controlled trial, in Hematology Division of Instituto Adolfo Lutz. METHODS: Red cell aspartate aminotransferase activity was assayed (before and after) in normal volunteers who were given oral pyridoxine for 15-18 days (30 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg daily). In vitro study of blood from seven normal volunteers was also performed, with before and after assaying of aspartate aminotransferase activity. RESULTS: The in vivo study showed increasing aspartate aminotransferase saturation with increasing pyridoxine doses. 83% saturation was reached with 30 mg daily, 88% with 100 mg, and 93% with 200 mg after 20 days of oral supplementation. The in vitro study did not reach 100% saturation. CONCLUSIONS: Neither in vivo nor in vitro study demonstrated thorough aspartate aminotransferase saturation with its coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate in red cells, from increasing pyridoxine supplementation. However, the 200-mg dose could be employed safely in vitamin B6-responsive sideroblastic anemia, myelofibrosis and Peyronies syndrome treatment. Although maximum saturation in circulating red cells is not achieved, erythroblasts and other nucleated and cytoplasmic organelles containing cells certainly will reach thorough saturation, which possibly explains the results obtained in these diseases.

Assessment of thermal environments: Working conditions in the Portuguese ceramic industry in 1994 and 2012.

BACKGROUND: The assessment of heat stress in the ceramic industry is a matter of great concern for safety and health of workers. For this purpose working conditions in the last two decades are analysed. OBJECTIVE: To study occupational hot thermal environments in the Portuguese ceramic activity sector in 8 industrial units and 21 workplaces. METHODS: In order to characterise the level of heat exposure, the method proposed by ISO 7243 (1989) based on the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index was adopted. RESULTS: Two field surveys, one carried out in 1994 and the other in 2012 are considered. The WBGT mean values varied between 23.7 and 37.8°C in the 1994 survey while in 2012 those values ranged from 21.5 to 30.5°C. In the 1994 evaluations 5 out of 8 (62.5%) of the workplaces present heat stress conditions whereas in the 2012 assessments the corresponding value is 46.2% (6 out of 13 workplaces). CONCLUSIONS: Despite two decades between the two surveys, the results highlight that the overall thermal conditions of the workplaces in the ceramic sector are still quite similar, suggesting that the working conditions have not changed enough, a conclusion that asks for further analysis and improvements.

Is automated platelet counting still a problem in thrombocytopenic blood?

CONTEXT: Reliable platelet counting is crucial for indicating prophylactic platelet transfusion in thrombocytopenic patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the precision and accuracy of platelet counting for thrombocytopenic patients, using four different automated counters in comparison with the Brecher & Cronkite reference method recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH). TYPE OF STUDY: Automated platelet counting assessment in thrombocytopenic patients. SETTING: Hematology Laboratory, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, and the Hematology Division of Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Brecher & Cronkite reference method and four different automated platelet counters. PARTICIPANTS: 43 thrombocytopenic patients with platelet counts of less than 30,000/microliter. RESULTS: The ADVIA-120 (Bayer), Coulter STKS, H1 System (Technicom-Bayer) and Coulter T-890 automatic instruments presented great precision and accuracy in relation to laboratory thrombocytopenic samples obtained by diluting blood from normal donors. However, when thrombocytopenic patients were investigated, all the counters except ADVIA (which is based on volume and refraction index) showed low accuracy when compared to the Brecher & Cronkite reference method (ICSH). The ADVIA counter showed high correlation (r = 0.974). However, all counters showed flags in thrombocytopenic samples. CONCLUSION: The Brecher & Cronkite reference method should always be indicated in thrombocytopenic patients for platelet counts below 30,000 plt/microliter obtained in one dimensional counters.

Evaluation of occupational cold environments: field measurements and subjective analysis.

The present work is dedicated to the study of occupational cold environments in food distribution industrial units. Field measurements and a subjective assessment based on an individual questionnaire were considered. The survey was carried out in 5 Portuguese companies. The field measurements include 26 workplaces, while a sample of 160 responses was considered for the subjective assessment. In order to characterize the level of cold exposure, the Required Clothing Insulation Index (IREQ) was adopted. The IREQ index highlights that in the majority of the workplaces the clothing ensembles worn are inadequate, namely in the freezing chambers where the protection provided by clothing is always insufficient. The questionnaires results show that the food distribution sector is characterized by a female population (70.6%), by a young work force (60.7% are less than 35 yr old) and by a population with a medium-length professional career (80.1% in this occupation for less than 10 yr). The incidence of health effects which is higher among women, the distribution of protective clothing (50.0% of the workers indicate one garment) and the significant percentage of workers (>75%) that has more difficulties in performing the activity during the winter represent other important results of the present study.

The association between skin color/race and health indicators in elderly Brazilians: a study based on the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (2008).

This study analyzed racial inequalities in health in 18,684 elderly Brazilians 65 years or older, interviewed in the National Household Sample Survey in 2008 (PNAD 2008), and who reported their color/race as white, brown, or black. Associations were estimated between self-rated health status, functional incapacity, and number of chronic conditions according to crude and adjusted regression analyses (α = 0.01). The majority of the elderly were white (56.2%). In the adjusted analysis, brown color/races was associated with worse self-rated health status (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.03-1.18) and black color/race was associated with more chronic diseases (PR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.02-1.13). Brown color/race appeared as a protective factor against functional incapacity. When brown and black elderly were combined in one category ("black"), "black" elderly continued to show worse self-rated health status (OR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.02-1.16) and lower odds of functional incapacity (OR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.76-0.92). "Black" color/race lost the association with number of chronic diseases. Color/race explained part of the health inequalities in elderly Brazilians, but other socioeconomic variables had a more striking effect.

Reabilitação estética e funcional de dentes decíduos anteriores com pino de fibra de vidro e matriz anatômica de celulóide: uma revisão da literatura / Aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of anterior deciduous teeth with fiberglass post and anatomic celluloid matrix: a literature review

Objetivo: expor, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, uma discussão sobre os benefícios do uso do pino de fibra de vidro e matriz de celulóide na reabilitação oral de crianças, como suas possibilidades e técnicas mais adequadas para o tratamento de pacientes com amplas destruições coronárias em dentes decíduos. A cárie dentária é uma das doenças crônicas mais comum na infância, se o diagnóstico adequado não for realizado em estágios iniciais podem gerar danos irreparáveis, levando a perda dentária. Atualmente, se reconhece a importância de se preservar os dentes decíduos até o período correto de sua esfoliação, dessa forma, dependendo da quantidade de remanescente dental, o tratamento reabilitador estético em dentes decíduos, pode necessitar de um retentor intra-canal. Considerações finais: embora exista um número considerável de alternativas reabilitadoras, a mais utilizada é o de pino de fibra de vidro com matriz anatômica de celuloide, por ser de fácil execução, baixo custo e não necessitar de etapa laboratorial. Porém, a escolha do tratamento restaurador deve ser feita de comum acordo com os pais e um grande grau de colaboração dos pacientes.(AU)

Objective: To present, through a literature review, a discussion about the benefits of using fiberglass posts and celluloid matrix in the oral rehabilitation of children and the most appropriate potentials and techniques for the treatment of patients with extensive crown destruction in deciduous teeth. Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and, if not diagnosed properly in its early stages, it may cause irreparable damages that lead to tooth loss. Currently, the importance of preserving deciduous teeth up to the correct period of exfoliation is established. Therefore, depending on the amount of remaining teeth, the aesthetic rehabilitation in deciduous teeth may require an intracanal retainer. Final considerations: Although there is a considerable number of rehabilitation alternatives, the most used is the fiberglass post with anatomic celluloid matrix, because it is easy to perform, presents low cost, and does not require a laboratory step. However, the treatment should be selected in agreement with the parents and significant cooperation from the patients.(AU)