RESUMO
Suspension cultures of Pueraria tuberosa, a woody legume, have been established and using different concentrations of growth regulators, sucrose, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, attempts have been made to improve their isoflavonoid content. The cell cultures grew well on all the treatments. Up to approximately 8 folds increased isoflavonoids content was recorded in the cultures grown in MS medium modified with nitrogen and supplemented with 1 mg 1(-1) of kinetin.
Assuntos
Meios de Cultura/química , Isoflavonas/metabolismo , Pueraria/metabolismo , Biomassa , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Pueraria/citologiaRESUMO
An extract from in vitro cultures of Curculigo orchioides grown as bulbils in shake flasks, afforded two new glucosides of substituted benzylbenzoate - curculigoside C (3) and curculigoside D (4) - together with two known compounds - curculigoside A (1) and curculigoside B (2). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence, in particular by using 2D NMR methods. Their vasoactive properties were assessed in isolated rat aortic rings.
Assuntos
Curculigo , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Animais , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Benzil/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Benzil/química , Compostos de Benzil/farmacologia , Compostos de Benzil/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucosídeos/administração & dosagem , Glucosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de Planta , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Vasoconstritores/administração & dosagem , Vasoconstritores/química , Vasoconstritores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Isoflavonoid contents of different plant parts and callus tissues of the Indian Kudzu, Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb.ex.Willd.) DC are presented. The initial cultures were slow growing, associated with browning of the tissues. The production of four isoflavonoids (puerarin, genistin, genistein and daidzein) in the callus cultures of P. tuberosa was studied by manipulating the plant growth regulators and sucrose concentration in the medium. Organogenesis was not recorded in callus on any of these treatments. Tuber and stem accumulated puerarin, a glycoside of daidzein, at high amounts, 0.65% and 0.054% respectively. However, the daidzein content of the callus tissues grown on Murashige and Skoog medium containing BA (20.9 microM) and sucrose (60 gl(-1)) was significantly higher (0.056%) than in vivo plant material (0.02%) and other comparable culture systems like Genista and Pueraria lobata.
Assuntos
Flavonoides/biossíntese , Pueraria/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Pueraria/citologia , Padrões de ReferênciaRESUMO
Explants and callus of C. pendulus produced intense brown substances in the medium which caused necrosis. Various anti-oxidants (ascorbic acid, cysteine and dithiothreitol) and adsorbents (activated charcoal and polyvinyl pyrrolidone) were used in different concentrations to prevent browning of the tissues. These in MS medium affected differently the growth, colour and texture of the tissues. It was concluded that both peroxidase and phenolase were involved in the browning. Increased peroxidase activity and decreased phenolase activity were probably due to more peroxidative oxidation of phenols and unavailability of substrate for phenolase activity. This resulted in faster growth of tissues, which further reduced the phenolase activity.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Carvão Vegetal/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Povidona/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Cisteína/farmacologia , Ditiotreitol/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures of Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari was achieved. Though the frequency of explants producing embryonic culture was low, immature zygotic embryos were the only suitable explants to produce embryonic callus after reciprocal transfers on media containing 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (0.1 mgl(-1)) and kinetin (0.1 mgl(-1)) or devoid of growth regulators. All other media failed to produce embryonic callus. Embryonic cells were small, densely filled with cytoplasm and isodiametric as compared to non-embryonic cells, which were large, elongated and vacuolated. Maximum growth of embryonic callus was recorded on modified MS medium (MS-2 medium) supplemented with BA (0.25 mgl(-1)) and IBA (0.1 mgl(-1)). MS-2 salts supported higher growth of callus as compared to tissues grown on B5 medium containing same concentrations of plant growth regulators. Exogenous medium nutrients had no effect on somatic embryo development whereas plant growth regulators had little effect. Asynchronously growing embryos formed plantlets regularly which were successfully transferred to the field conditions.
Assuntos
Commiphora/metabolismo , Somitos , Commiphora/embriologia , Técnicas de CulturaRESUMO
An efficient method has been developed for large-scale multiplication of Curculigo orchioides (Hypoxidaceae), an endangered medicinal plant, through direct bulbil formation from leaf explants in shake flask cultures. Leaf-segments (7 x 10 mm) were cultured in B5 liquid medium containing KNO3 (200 mgNL-1), (NH4)2SO4 (50 mgNL-1), benzyl adenosine (2.2 microM), adenine (0.11 mM), indole butyric acid (1.0 microM) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (250 mgL-1). About 95% of explants produced maximum number of bulbils (546/flask at 6 weeks growth) in the medium. Shake flask cultures yielded 2737 bulbils/L medium whereas static cultures yielded 624 bulbils/L medium. Germination of bulbils was maximum (90.62%) on agar-gelled B5 medium containing benzyl adenosine (2.2 microM) and gibberellic acid (3.5 microM). Plantlets developed in vitro were successfully transferred to soil with a high rate of survivability (90%) and were comparable to natural population in growth and vigour.
Assuntos
Magnoliopsida/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas Medicinais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Botânica/métodos , Germinação , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Cultures of C. pendulus were maintained on hormone free and hormone supplemented (NAA 1.0 mg/l and kinetin 0.5 mg/l) Murashige and Skoog medium. During the growth period, hormone free cultures had higher phenolic content, polyphenol oxidase activity and less protein content, peroxidase and IAA oxidase activity. Activity of all the three oxidising enzymes and phenolic content were high at 16 days growth. Total lipid content was higher (2.7-folds at 15 days) in hormone free cultures. Phospholipid content of both cultures was not markedly dissimilar except PC and DGDG contents. Thus it is evidenced that both the tissues were similar metabolically.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais/metabolismo , Alcaloides/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Fenóis/metabolismo , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Medicinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Cell suspension cultures of Commiphora wightii, grown in modified MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5 mg l(-1)) and kinetin (0.25 mg l(-1)), produced approximately 5 microg guggulsterone g(-1) dry wt. In a 2 l stirred tank bioreactor, the biomass was 5.5 g l(-1) and total guggulsterone was 36 microg l(-1).