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1.
Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi ; 40: e20240023, 2024 Aug 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39191638

RESUMO

The burgeoning field of nanotechnology has ushered in innovative Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) that enhance the efficacy, safety, and patient compliance of pharmaceutical treatments. This study explores the synthesis and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using green chemistry approaches, specifically leveraging plant extracts as reducing agents. AgNPs, known for their unique physical and chemical properties, including antimicrobial capabilities, offer significant potential in modern drug delivery. This study investigates the potential of using Allium cepa peel waste for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. This study also revealed the resultant formation of silver nanoparticles through microscopy and UV spectroscopy, which were further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. This green synthesis method not only aligns with environmentally friendly practices but also provides a cost-effective and scalable approach to nanoparticle production. We formulated a hair dye incorporating these AgNPs and evaluated its physicochemical parameters, demonstrating enhanced performance compared to control formulations without nanoparticles. This work underscores the promise of green-synthesized nanoparticles in developing advanced drug delivery systems, offering insights into future applications in anticancer and antimicrobial treatments. Our findings advocate for the broader adoption of sustainable nanotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, potentially revolutionizing the treatment landscape with safer and more effective therapeutic options.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , Cebolas , Extratos Vegetais , Prata , Cebolas/química , Prata/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Tinturas para Cabelo/química , Química Verde , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos
2.
Andrologia ; 44 Suppl 1: 615-20, 2012 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22044301

RESUMO

Mammalian testis functions at a temperature and oxygen tension (pO(2)) lower than the core body. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mediates the adaptive responses to hypoxia such as production of angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a variety of cells and tissues. VEGF production in Leydig cells is stimulated by luteinising hormone (LH)/cAMP. We have conducted experiments to find out whether HIF-1α is involved in LH/cAMP-induced secretion of VEGF by Leydig cell-derived MA-10 cells. Both cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)), an inducer of hypoxia, and 8-Br-cAMP enhanced HIF-1α activity followed by an increase in VEGF secretion. However, there was no change in mRNA levels of HIF-1α. Inhibition of HIF-1α activity by cyclosporine A (CsA) inhibited a rise in VEGF production in response to CoCl(2) as well as 8-Br-cAMP. Inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase/Akt (PI3-K/Akt) inhibited the increase in VEGF levels in response to both CoCl(2) and 8-Br-cAMP. The data suggest that HIF-1α is a mediator of hypoxia- as well as 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated production of VEGF in MA-10 cells; both the stimuli act through a common signalling cascade.


Assuntos
Cobalto/farmacologia , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/biossíntese , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , Primers do DNA , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
3.
Exp Oncol ; 42(4): 277-284, 2020 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33355862

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive cancer with specific predilection like female gender and specific geographical areas, however the molecular mechanisms and factors contributing to the clinical or biological behavior are not understood. AIM: The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes in advanced GBC and chronic cholecystitis (CC) cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microarray was planned on fresh specimens of advanced GBC and CC cases using single color cRNA based microarray technique (8X60K format; Agilent Technologies, USA). Twelve advanced GBC and four CC patients were included in the study. RESULTS: Of the total of 1307 differentially expressed genes, 535 genes were significantly upregulated, while 772 genes were significantly downregulated in advanced GBC vs CC samples. Differentially expressed genes were associated with biological processes (55.03%), cellular components (31.48%), and molecular functions (13.49%) respectively. The important pathways or key processes affected were cell cycle, DNA replication, oxidative stress, gastric cancer pathway. Using in silico analysis tools, three differentially expressed genes i.e. TPX2, Cdc45 and MCM4 were selected (for their significant role in DNA replication and microtubule function) and were further validated in 20 advanced GBC cohort by immunohistochemistry. Significant positive association of Cdc45 and MCM4 proteins was found in advanced GBC cases (p = 0.043), suggesting the probable oncogenic role of Cdc45 and MCM4 proteins in advanced GBC. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate the potential regulation of Cdc45-MCM4 axis in advanced GBC tumors. Additionally, our study also revealed a range of differentially expressed genes (e.g. TPX2, AKURA etc.) between GBC and CC, and further validation of these genes might provide a potential diagnostic or therapeutic target in future.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Transcriptoma , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Biópsia , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Ontologia Genética , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Oncogenes
4.
Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn ; 71(1): 59-66, 1994 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7936558

RESUMO

The effects of ovine prolactin (10 I.U./100 g body wt) on the ultimobranchial body and parathyroid glands were investigated in Natrix piscator for 15 days. The ultimobranchial body of the prolactin treated specimens depicts signs of increased activity whereas the parathyroid glands exhibit reduced activity.


Assuntos
Cálcio/sangue , Colubridae , Glândulas Paratireoides/metabolismo , Prolactina/administração & dosagem , Corpo Ultimobranquial/metabolismo , Animais , Tamanho Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Colubridae/sangue , Colubridae/metabolismo , Feminino , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Glândulas Paratireoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Ultimobranquial/efeitos dos fármacos
5.
J Eval Clin Pract ; 20(6): 985-7, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24976040

RESUMO

Strand and Parkkinen criticize our dispositional account of causation in evidence-based medicine for failing to provide a proper epistemology of causal knowledge. In particular, they claim that we do not explain how causal inferences should be drawn. In response, we point out that dispositionalism does indeed have an account of the epistemology of causation, including counterfactual dependence, intervention, prediction and clinical decision. Furthermore, we argue that this is an epistemology that fits better with the known fallibility of even our best-informed predictions. Predictions are made on the basis that causes dispose or tend towards their effects, rather than guarantee them. The ontology of causation remains a valuable study for, among other reasons, it tells us that powers do not always combine additively. This counts against the monocausality that is tested by randomized controlled trials.


Assuntos
Causalidade , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Humanos
8.
Andrologia ; 39(6): 253-60, 2007 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18076426

RESUMO

Inconsistent alterations in gonadal steroidogenesis and pituitary functions have been reported in hypothyroid males. We have compared the lipid and endocrine profiles of the euthyroid and hypothyroid [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) >100 mIU l(-1)] males. Hypothyroidism was found to be associated with an increase in the circulating level of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and a reduction in the levels of progesterone and testosterone, without any change in the serum levels of oestradiol and gonadotrophins. The failure of gonadotrophins to rise could be accounted by a normal level of serum oestradiol in the hypothyroid male. A mild hyperprolactinaemia was also noted in the hypothyroid patients. The reduction in serum testosterone level could be explained by (i) a reduced uptake of LDL-C by the Leydig cells and thereby a reduction in the synthesis of progesterone and consequentially testosterone, (ii) a further reduction in the rate of conversion of progesterone to testosterone, (iii) a higher rate of conversion of testosterone to oestradiol, (iv) a decrease in serum triiodothyronine and (v) hyperprolactinaemia. Rise in TSH needs to be investigated as a cause of the suppression of gonadal steroidogenesis.


Assuntos
Estradiol/sangue , Gonadotropinas/sangue , Hipotireoidismo/sangue , Progesterona/sangue , Testosterona/sangue , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prolactina/sangue , Tireotropina/sangue , Tiroxina/sangue , Tri-Iodotironina/sangue
9.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 25(2): 166-8, 2007 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17582194

RESUMO

Rhodotorula spp. are common saprophytes but may be responsible for systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. Meningitis caused by Rhodotorula spp. in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients has been reported only rarely. We present a case of meningitis caused by Rhodotorula rubra in HIV infected patient. The presumptive diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis was made on the basis of India ink preparation, Gram staining and latex agglutination test (LAT) for cryptococcal antigen. The final diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of Rhodotorula rubra from cerebrospinal fluid on culture. LAT was considered false positive. Amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine were administered but the patient succumbed to his illness.


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Meningite Fúngica/microbiologia , Rhodotorula/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/microbiologia , Reações Falso-Positivas , Evolução Fatal , Flucitosina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Testes de Fixação do Látex , Masculino , Meningite Fúngica/tratamento farmacológico
10.
J Exp Zool ; 262(3): 255-62, 1992 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1322444

RESUMO

Vitamin D3 (20 I.U./100 g body wt) was administered to the freshwater snake Natrix piscator for 15 days. Elevation of serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels was observed after the treatment. The ultimobranchial body became active whereas the parathyroid glands exhibited reduced activity.


Assuntos
Colecalciferol/farmacologia , Glândulas Endócrinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândulas Paratireoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Serpentes , Animais , Cálcio/sangue , Feminino , Masculino , Fosfatos/sangue
11.
Gen Comp Endocrinol ; 74(1): 14-7, 1989 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2737450

RESUMO

The effect of salmon calcitonin (0.25 MRC mU/g body wt) was investigated on the serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels of the frog. Rana tigrina. The hormone evokes hypocalcemia (on Day 1 and Day 3) which is followed by a significant hypercalcemia on Day 10. Thereafter, the level of calcium decreases again on Day 15. Calcitonin induces hypophosphatemia (on Day 3 and Day 5). Thereafter, hyperphosphatemia is recorded on Day 10. Normal serum phosphate value is achieved by Day 15. The results obtained in R. tigrina have been discussed in relation to the increased calcium deposits in the paravertebral lime sacs and to the possible enhanced secretion of the parathyroid glands.


Assuntos
Calcitonina/farmacologia , Cálcio/sangue , Fosfatos/sangue , Ranidae/sangue , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Hipocalcemia/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Ranidae/metabolismo
12.
Biol Struct Morphog ; 2(4): 136-40, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2486619

RESUMO

The effects of salmon calcitonin (0.25 MRC mU/g body wt) on the serum calcium and phosphate levels as well as on the activity of ultimobranchial body and parathyroid glands was investigated in the frog, Rana tigrina for 15 days. The hormone evokes hypocalcemia (on day 1 and day 3) which is followed by a significant hypercalcemia on day 10. Thereafter, the level of calcium decreases again on day 15. Calcitonin induces hypophosphatemia (on day 3 and day 5). Thereafter, hyperphosphatemia is recorded on day 10. By day 15 normal serum phosphate value is achieved. After treatment with calcitonin, the ultimobranchial body becomes inactive and the parathyroid glands get activated.


Assuntos
Calcitonina/farmacologia , Glândulas Paratireoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Ranidae/anatomia & histologia , Corpo Ultimobranquial/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Cálcio/sangue , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Glândulas Paratireoides/ultraestrutura , Fosfatos/sangue , Corpo Ultimobranquial/ultraestrutura
13.
Biol Struct Morphog ; 1(3): 117-23, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3058216

RESUMO

In this review we aim to provide an overview of the published reports on the morphology, position, population, distribution and origin of calcitonin cells. Also, we have included a brief historical note and the experimental studies which demonstrate the effects on calcitonin cell function.


Assuntos
Calcitonina/fisiologia , Mamíferos/fisiologia , Glândula Tireoide/citologia , Animais , Calcitonina/metabolismo , Hibernação , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Glândula Tireoide/inervação , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo
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