RESUMO
Cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, have a high public health burden. Understanding the genetically determined regulation of proteins that are dysregulated in disease can help to dissect the complex biology underpinning them. Here, we perform a protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) analysis of 248 serum proteins relevant to cardiometabolic processes in 2893 individuals. Meta-analyzing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from two Greek cohorts, MANOLIS (n = 1356; 22.5× WGS) and Pomak (n = 1537; 18.4× WGS), we detect 301 independently associated pQTL variants for 170 proteins, including 12 rare variants (minor allele frequency < 1%). We additionally find 15 pQTL variants that are rare in non-Finnish European populations but have drifted up in the frequency in the discovery cohorts here. We identify proteins causally associated with cardiometabolic traits, including Mep1b for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and describe a knock-out (KO) Mep1b mouse model. Our findings furnish insights into the genetic architecture of the serum proteome, identify new protein-disease relationships and demonstrate the importance of isolated populations in pQTL analysis.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Animais , Camundongos , Fenótipo , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica AmplaRESUMO
Reading difficulties are prevalent worldwide, including in economically developed countries, and are associated with low academic achievement and unemployment. Longitudinal studies have identified several early childhood predictors of reading ability, but studies frequently lack genotype data that would enable testing of predictors with heritable influences. The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is a UK birth cohort study containing direct reading skill variables at every data collection wave from age 7 years through to adulthood with a subsample (final n = 6431) for whom modern genotype data are available. It is one of the longest running UK cohort studies for which genotyped data are currently available and is a rich dataset with excellent potential for future phenotypic and gene-by-environment interaction studies in reading. Here, we carry out imputation of the genotype data to the Haplotype Reference Panel, an updated reference panel that offers greater imputation quality. Guiding phenotype choice, we report a principal components analysis of nine reading variables, yielding a composite measure of reading ability in the genotyped sample. We include recommendations for use of composite scores and the most reliable variables for use during childhood when conducting longitudinal, genetically sensitive analyses of reading ability.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , Cognição , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Genótipo , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
The genetic architecture of common traits, including the number, frequency, and effect sizes of inherited variants that contribute to individual risk, has been long debated. Genome-wide association studies have identified scores of common variants associated with type 2 diabetes, but in aggregate, these explain only a fraction of the heritability of this disease. Here, to test the hypothesis that lower-frequency variants explain much of the remainder, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia performed whole-genome sequencing in 2,657 European individuals with and without diabetes, and exome sequencing in 12,940 individuals from five ancestry groups. To increase statistical power, we expanded the sample size via genotyping and imputation in a further 111,548 subjects. Variants associated with type 2 diabetes after sequencing were overwhelmingly common and most fell within regions previously identified by genome-wide association studies. Comprehensive enumeration of sequence variation is necessary to identify functional alleles that provide important clues to disease pathophysiology, but large-scale sequencing does not support the idea that lower-frequency variants have a major role in predisposition to type 2 diabetes.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Alelos , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Europa (Continente)/etnologia , Exoma , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , Tamanho da AmostraRESUMO
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) have identified common variant signals which explain 4.8% and 1.2% of trait variance, respectively. It is hypothesized that low-frequency and rare variants could contribute substantially to unexplained genetic variance. To test this, we analyzed exome-array data from up to 33,231 non-diabetic individuals of European ancestry. We found exome-wide significant (P<5×10-7) evidence for two loci not previously highlighted by common variant GWAS: GLP1R (p.Ala316Thr, minor allele frequency (MAF)=1.5%) influencing FG levels, and URB2 (p.Glu594Val, MAF = 0.1%) influencing FI levels. Coding variant associations can highlight potential effector genes at (non-coding) GWAS signals. At the G6PC2/ABCB11 locus, we identified multiple coding variants in G6PC2 (p.Val219Leu, p.His177Tyr, and p.Tyr207Ser) influencing FG levels, conditionally independent of each other and the non-coding GWAS signal. In vitro assays demonstrate that these associated coding alleles result in reduced protein abundance via proteasomal degradation, establishing G6PC2 as an effector gene at this locus. Reconciliation of single-variant associations and functional effects was only possible when haplotype phase was considered. In contrast to earlier reports suggesting that, paradoxically, glucose-raising alleles at this locus are protective against type 2 diabetes (T2D), the p.Val219Leu G6PC2 variant displayed a modest but directionally consistent association with T2D risk. Coding variant associations for glycemic traits in GWAS signals highlight PCSK1, RREB1, and ZHX3 as likely effector transcripts. These coding variant association signals do not have a major impact on the trait variance explained, but they do provide valuable biological insights.
Assuntos
Glicemia/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Glucose-6-Fosfatase/genética , Insulina/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Exoma/genética , Frequência do Gene , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Receptor do Peptídeo Semelhante ao Glucagon 1 , Índice Glicêmico/genética , Humanos , Insulina/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores de Glucagon/genéticaRESUMO
Diabetes is the leading cause of ESRD. Despite evidence for a substantial heritability of diabetic kidney disease, efforts to identify genetic susceptibility variants have had limited success. We extended previous efforts in three dimensions, examining a more comprehensive set of genetic variants in larger numbers of subjects with type 1 diabetes characterized for a wider range of cross-sectional diabetic kidney disease phenotypes. In 2843 subjects, we estimated that the heritability of diabetic kidney disease was 35% (P=6.4×10-3). Genome-wide association analysis and replication in 12,540 individuals identified no single variants reaching stringent levels of significance and, despite excellent power, provided little independent confirmation of previously published associated variants. Whole-exome sequencing in 997 subjects failed to identify any large-effect coding alleles of lower frequency influencing the risk of diabetic kidney disease. However, sets of alleles increasing body mass index (P=2.2×10-5) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (P=6.1×10-4) associated with the risk of diabetic kidney disease. We also found genome-wide genetic correlation between diabetic kidney disease and failure at smoking cessation (P=1.1×10-4). Pathway analysis implicated ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (P=9.0×10-6), and pentose and glucuronate interconversions (P=3.0×10-6) in pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. These data provide further evidence for the role of genetic factors influencing diabetic kidney disease in those with type 1 diabetes and highlight some key pathways that may be responsible. Altogether these results reveal important biology behind the major cause of kidney disease.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Nefropatias Diabéticas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis (OA) has a strong genetic component but the success of previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been restricted due to insufficient sample sizes and phenotype heterogeneity. Our aim was to examine the effect of clinically relevant endophenotyping according to site of maximal joint space narrowing (maxJSN) and bone remodelling response on GWAS signal detection in hip OA. METHODS: A stratified GWAS meta-analysis was conducted in 2118 radiographically defined hip OA cases and 6500 population-based controls. Signals were followed up by analysing differential expression of proximal genes for bone remodelling endophenotypes in 33 pairs of macroscopically intact and OA-affected cartilage. RESULTS: We report suggestive evidence (p<5×10-6) of association at 6 variants with OA endophenotypes that would have been missed by using presence of hip OA as the disease end point. For example, in the analysis of hip OA cases with superior maxJSN versus cases with non-superior maxJSN we detected association with a variant in the LRCH1 gene (rs754106, p=1.49×10-7, OR (95% CIs) 0.70 (0.61 to 0.80)). In the comparison of hypertrophic with non-hypertrophic OA the most significant variant was located between STT3B and GADL1 (rs6766414, p=3.13×10-6, OR (95% CIs) 1.45 (1.24 to 1.69)). Both of these associations were fully attenuated in non-stratified analyses of all hip OA cases versus population controls (p>0.05). STT3B was significantly upregulated in OA-affected versus intact cartilage, particularly in the analysis of hypertrophic and normotrophic compared with atrophic bone remodelling pattern (p=4.2×10-4). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that stratification of OA cases into more homogeneous endophenotypes can identify genes of potential functional importance otherwise obscured by disease heterogeneity.
Assuntos
Cartilagem Articular/diagnóstico por imagem , Hexosiltransferases/genética , Articulação do Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/genética , Osteoartrite do Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Atrofia , Remodelação Óssea/genética , Cartilagem Articular/metabolismo , Endofenótipos , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genótipo , Articulação do Quadril/patologia , Humanos , Hipertrofia , Masculino , Osteoartrite do Quadril/genética , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Radiografia , População BrancaRESUMO
Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of loci for type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, as well as for related traits such as body mass index, glucose and insulin levels, lipid levels, and blood pressure. These studies also have pointed to thousands of loci with promising but not yet compelling association evidence. To establish association at additional loci and to characterize the genome-wide significant loci by fine-mapping, we designed the "Metabochip," a custom genotyping array that assays nearly 200,000 SNP markers. Here, we describe the Metabochip and its component SNP sets, evaluate its performance in capturing variation across the allele-frequency spectrum, describe solutions to methodological challenges commonly encountered in its analysis, and evaluate its performance as a platform for genotype imputation. The metabochip achieves dramatic cost efficiencies compared to designing single-trait follow-up reagents, and provides the opportunity to compare results across a range of related traits. The metabochip and similar custom genotyping arrays offer a powerful and cost-effective approach to follow-up large-scale genotyping and sequencing studies and advance our understanding of the genetic basis of complex human diseases and traits.
Assuntos
Antropometria/instrumentação , Metabolômica/instrumentação , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/instrumentação , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Alelos , Antropometria/métodos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/genética , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Frequência do Gene , Genoma Humano , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genótipo , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , Metabolômica/métodos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , FenótipoRESUMO
We have performed a metabolite quantitative trait locus (mQTL) study of the (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR) metabolome in humans, building on recent targeted knowledge of genetic drivers of metabolic regulation. Urine and plasma samples were collected from two cohorts of individuals of European descent, with one cohort comprised of female twins donating samples longitudinally. Sample metabolite concentrations were quantified by (1)H NMR and tested for association with genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Four metabolites' concentrations exhibited significant, replicable association with SNP variation (8.6×10(-11)
Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/genética , Metaboloma/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética , Seleção Genética , Acetiltransferases/genética , Acetiltransferases/metabolismo , Dimetilaminas/sangue , Dimetilaminas/metabolismo , Feminino , Haplótipos , Humanos , Isobutiratos/metabolismo , Isobutiratos/urina , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Metilaminas/metabolismo , Metilaminas/urina , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
Here we report a heterozygous tandem duplication at the ASIP (agouti signaling protein) gene locus causing ubiquitous, ectopic ASIP expression in a female patient with extreme childhood obesity. The mutation places ASIP under control of the ubiquitously active itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase promoter, driving the generation of ASIP in patient-derived native and induced pluripotent stem cells for all germ layers and hypothalamic-like neurons. The patient's phenotype of early-onset obesity, overgrowth, red hair and hyperinsulinemia is concordant with that of mutant mice ubiquitously expressing the homolog nonagouti. ASIP represses melanocyte-stimulating hormone-mediated activation as a melanocortin receptor antagonist, which might affect eating behavior, energy expenditure, adipocyte differentiation and pigmentation, as observed in the index patient. As the type of mutation escapes standard genetic screening algorithms, we rescreened the Leipzig Childhood Obesity cohort of 1,745 patients and identified four additional patients with the identical mutation, ectopic ASIP expression and a similar phenotype. Taken together, our data indicate that ubiquitous ectopic ASIP expression is likely a monogenic cause of human obesity.
Assuntos
Obesidade Infantil , Criança , Humanos , Feminino , Animais , Camundongos , Proteína Agouti Sinalizadora/genética , Proteína Agouti Sinalizadora/metabolismo , Pigmentação/genética , Mutação , FenótipoRESUMO
In the presence of epistasis multilocus association tests of human complex traits can provide powerful methods to detect susceptibility variants. We undertook multilocus analyses in 1924 type 2 diabetes cases and 2938 controls from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC). We performed a two-dimensional genome-wide association (GWA) scan using joint two-locus tests of association including main and epistatic effects in 70,236 markers tagging common variants. We found two-locus association at 79 SNP-pairs at a Bonferroni-corrected P-value = 0.05 (uncorrected P-value = 2.14 × 10⻹¹). The 79 pair-wise results always contained rs11196205 in TCF7L2 paired with 79 variants including confirmed variants in FTO, TSPAN8, and CDKAL1, which are associated in the absence of epistasis. However, the majority (82%) of the 79 variants did not have compelling single-locus association signals (P-value = 5 × 10â»4). Analyses conditional on the single-locus effects at TCF7L2 established that the joint two-locus results could be attributed to single-locus association at TCF7L2 alone. Interaction analyses among the peak 80 regions and among 23 previously established diabetes candidate genes identified five SNP-pairs with case-control and case-only epistatic signals. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of systematic scans in GWA data, but confirm that single-locus association can underlie and obscure multilocus findings.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Epistasia Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteína 2 Semelhante ao Fator 7 de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects >200 million people worldwide and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. We sought to identify genomic variants associated with PAD overall and in the contexts of diabetes and smoking status. METHODS: We identified genetic variants associated with PAD and then meta-analyzed with published summary statistics from the Million Veterans Program and UK Biobank to replicate their findings. Next, we ran stratified genome-wide association analysis in ever smokers, never smokers, individuals with diabetes, and individuals with no history of diabetes and corresponding interaction analyses, to identify variants that modify the risk of PAD by diabetic or smoking status. RESULTS: We identified 5 genome-wide significant (Passociation ≤5×10-8) associations with PAD in 449 548 (Ncases=12 086) individuals of European ancestry near LPA (lipoprotein [a]), CDKN2BAS1 (CDKN2B antisense RNA 1), SH2B3 (SH2B adaptor protein 3) - PTPN11 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11), HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9), and CHRNA3 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit) loci (which overlapped previously reported associations). Meta-analysis with variants previously associated with PAD showed that 18 of 19 published variants remained genome-wide significant. In individuals with diabetes, rs116405693 at the CCSER1 (coiled-coil serine rich protein 1) locus was associated with PAD (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.51 [1.32-1.74], Pdiabetes=2.5×10-9, Pinteractionwithdiabetes=5.3×10-7). Furthermore, in smokers, rs12910984 at the CHRNA3 locus was associated with PAD (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.15 [1.11-1.19], Psmokers=9.3×10-10, Pinteractionwithsmoking=3.9×10-5). CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses confirm the published genetic associations with PAD and identify novel variants that may influence susceptibility to PAD in the context of diabetes or smoking status.
Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença , Doença Arterial Periférica/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Feminino , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Masculino , Doença Arterial Periférica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The human proteome is a crucial intermediate between complex diseases and their genetic and environmental components, and an important source of drug development targets and biomarkers. Here, we comprehensively assess the genetic architecture of 257 circulating protein biomarkers of cardiometabolic relevance through high-depth (22.5×) whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in 1328 individuals. We discover 131 independent sequence variant associations (P < 7.45 × 10-11) across the allele frequency spectrum, all of which replicate in an independent cohort (n = 1605, 18.4x WGS). We identify for the first time replicating evidence for rare-variant cis-acting protein quantitative trait loci for five genes, involving both coding and noncoding variation. We construct and validate polygenic scores that explain up to 45% of protein level variation. We find causal links between protein levels and disease risk, identifying high-value biomarkers and drug development targets.
Assuntos
Miocárdio/metabolismo , Proteoma/genética , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Herança Multifatorial/genética , Proteoma/metabolismo , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is accelerated in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). METHODS: To test whether this reflects differential genetic influences on CAD risk in subjects with T2D, we performed a systematic assessment of genetic overlap between CAD and T2D in 66 643 subjects (27 708 with CAD and 24 259 with T2D). Variants showing apparent association with CAD in stratified analyses or evidence of interaction were evaluated in a further 117 787 subjects (16 694 with CAD and 11 537 with T2D). RESULTS: None of the previously characterized CAD loci was found to have specific effects on CAD in T2D individuals, and a genome-wide interaction analysis found no new variants for CAD that could be considered T2D specific. When we considered the overall genetic correlations between CAD and its risk factors, we found no substantial differences in these relationships by T2D background. CONCLUSIONS: This study found no evidence that the genetic architecture of CAD differs in those with T2D compared with those without T2D.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Metanálise como Assunto , Polimorfismo Genético , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Birth weight variation is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors, and has been reproducibly associated with future cardio-metabolic health outcomes. In expanded genome-wide association analyses of own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n = 230,069 mothers), we identified 190 independent association signals (129 of which are novel). We used structural equation modeling to decompose the contributions of direct fetal and indirect maternal genetic effects, then applied Mendelian randomization to illuminate causal pathways. For example, both indirect maternal and direct fetal genetic effects drive the observational relationship between lower birth weight and higher later blood pressure: maternal blood pressure-raising alleles reduce offspring birth weight, but only direct fetal effects of these alleles, once inherited, increase later offspring blood pressure. Using maternal birth weight-lowering genotypes to proxy for an adverse intrauterine environment provided no evidence that it causally raises offspring blood pressure, indicating that the inverse birth weight-blood pressure association is attributable to genetic effects, and not to intrauterine programming.
Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer/genética , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/genética , Estatura/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Cardiopatias/genética , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Herança Materna/genética , Troca Materno-Fetal/genética , Doenças Metabólicas/etiologia , Doenças Metabólicas/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Gravidez , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
We aggregated coding variant data for 81,412 type 2 diabetes cases and 370,832 controls of diverse ancestry, identifying 40 coding variant association signals (P < 2.2 × 10-7); of these, 16 map outside known risk-associated loci. We make two important observations. First, only five of these signals are driven by low-frequency variants: even for these, effect sizes are modest (odds ratio ≤1.29). Second, when we used large-scale genome-wide association data to fine-map the associated variants in their regional context, accounting for the global enrichment of complex trait associations in coding sequence, compelling evidence for coding variant causality was obtained for only 16 signals. At 13 others, the associated coding variants clearly represent 'false leads' with potential to generate erroneous mechanistic inference. Coding variant associations offer a direct route to biological insight for complex diseases and identification of validated therapeutic targets; however, appropriate mechanistic inference requires careful specification of their causal contribution to disease predisposition.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Alelos , Mapeamento Cromossômico/estatística & dados numéricos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/classificação , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Variação Genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , População Branca/genética , Sequenciamento do Exoma/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
We expanded GWAS discovery for type 2 diabetes (T2D) by combining data from 898,130 European-descent individuals (9% cases), after imputation to high-density reference panels. With these data, we (i) extend the inventory of T2D-risk variants (243 loci, 135 newly implicated in T2D predisposition, comprising 403 distinct association signals); (ii) enrich discovery of lower-frequency risk alleles (80 index variants with minor allele frequency <5%, 14 with estimated allelic odds ratio >2); (iii) substantially improve fine-mapping of causal variants (at 51 signals, one variant accounted for >80% posterior probability of association (PPA)); (iv) extend fine-mapping through integration of tissue-specific epigenomic information (islet regulatory annotations extend the number of variants with PPA >80% to 73); (v) highlight validated therapeutic targets (18 genes with associations attributable to coding variants); and (vi) demonstrate enhanced potential for clinical translation (genome-wide chip heritability explains 18% of T2D risk; individuals in the extremes of a T2D polygenic risk score differ more than ninefold in prevalence).
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Epigênese Genética , Genoma Humano/genética , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Loci Gênicos/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/patologia , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , Metanálise como Assunto , Fatores Sexuais , População Branca/genéticaRESUMO
Identification of sequence variants robustly associated with predisposition to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DKD in type 2 diabetes (T2D) using eight complementary dichotomous and quantitative DKD phenotypes: the principal dichotomous analysis involved 5,717 T2D subjects, 3,345 with DKD. Promising association signals were evaluated in up to 26,827 subjects with T2D (12,710 with DKD). A combined T1D+T2D GWAS was performed using complementary data available for subjects with T1D, which, with replication samples, involved up to 40,340 subjects with diabetes (18,582 with DKD). Analysis of specific DKD phenotypes identified a novel signal near GABRR1 (rs9942471, P = 4.5 × 10-8) associated with microalbuminuria in European T2D case subjects. However, no replication of this signal was observed in Asian subjects with T2D or in the equivalent T1D analysis. There was only limited support, in this substantially enlarged analysis, for association at previously reported DKD signals, except for those at UMOD and PRKAG2, both associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. We conclude that, despite challenges in addressing phenotypic heterogeneity, access to increased sample sizes will continue to provide more robust inference regarding risk variant discovery for DKD.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Nefropatias Diabéticas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/genéticaRESUMO
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.179.
RESUMO
The gene encoding the transcription factor upstream stimulatory factor (USF)1 influences susceptibility to familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and triglyceride levels. Phenotypic overlap between FCHL and type 2 diabetes makes USF1 a compelling positional candidate for the widely replicated type 2 diabetes linkage signal on chromosome 1q. We typed 22 variants in the F11R/USF1 region (1 per 3 kb), including those previously implicated in FCHL-susceptibility (or proxies thereof) in 3,726 samples preferentially enriched for 1q linkage. We also examined glucose- and lipid-related continuous traits in an overlapping set of 1,215 subjects of European descent. There was no convincing evidence for association with type 2 diabetes in any of seven case-control comparisons, individually or combined. Family-based association analyses in 832 Pima subjects were similarly negative. At rs3737787 (the variant most strongly associated with FCHL), the combined odds ratio, per copy of the rarer A-allele, was 1.10 (95% CI 0.97-1.24, P = 0.13). In 124 Utah subjects, rs3737787 was significantly associated (P = 0.002) with triglyceride levels, but direction of this association was opposite to previous reports, and there was no corroboration in three other samples. These data exclude USF1 as a major contributor to type 2 diabetes susceptibility and the basis for the chromosome 1q linkage. They reveal only limited evidence for replication of USF1 effects on continuous metabolic traits.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 1/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Ligação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Fatores Estimuladores Upstream/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etnologia , Etnicidade/genética , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Variação Genética , Humanos , Hiperlipidemia Familiar Combinada/genética , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , População Branca/genéticaRESUMO
Background: Observational studies have demonstrated that increased bone mineral density is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the relationship with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is less clear. Moreover, substantial uncertainty remains about the causal relevance of increased bone mineral density for T2D and CHD, which can be assessed by Mendelian randomisation studies. Methods: We identified 235 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated at p<5×10 -8 with estimated heel bone mineral density (eBMD) in 116,501 individuals from the UK Biobank study, accounting for 13.9% of eBMD variance. For each eBMD-associated SNP, we extracted effect estimates from the largest available GWAS studies for T2D (DIAGRAM: n=26,676 T2D cases and 132,532 controls) and CHD (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D: n=60,801 CHD cases and 123,504 controls). A two-sample design using several Mendelian randomization approaches was used to investigate the causal relevance of eBMD for risk of T2D and CHD. In addition, we explored the relationship of eBMD, instrumented by the 235 SNPs, on 12 cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Finally, we conducted Mendelian randomization analysis in the reverse direction to investigate reverse causality. Results: Each one standard deviation increase in genetically instrumented eBMD (equivalent to 0.14 g/cm 2) was associated with an 8% higher risk of T2D (odds ratio [OR] 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.14; p=0.012) and 5% higher risk of CHD (OR 1.05; 95%CI: 1.00 to 1.10; p=0.034). Consistent results were obtained in sensitivity analyses using several different Mendelian randomization approaches. Equivalent increases in eBMD were also associated with lower plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol and increased insulin resistance. Mendelian randomization in the reverse direction using 94 T2D SNPs or 52 CHD SNPs showed no evidence of reverse causality with eBMD. Conclusions: These findings suggest a causal relationship between elevated bone mineral density with risks of both T2D and CHD.