Microbial Corrosion Resistance and Antibacterial Property of Electrodeposited Zn-Ni-Chitosan Coatings.

Microbial corrosion is a universal phenomenon in salt water media such as seawater and wastewater environments. As a kind of efficient protective metal coating for steel, the damage of the Zn-Ni alloy coating was found to be accelerated under microbial corrosive conditions. To solve this problem, chitosan, which is considered a natural product with high antibacterial efficiency, was added to Zn-Ni electrolytes as a functional ingredient of electrodeposited Zn-Ni-chitosan coatings. It was found that the addition of chitosan significantly and negatively shifted the electrodeposition potentials and influenced the Ni contents, the phase composition, and the surface morphologies. By exposing the coatings in a sulfate-reducing bacteria medium, the microbial corrosion resistance was investigated. The results showed that compared to the Zn-Ni alloy coating, Zn-Ni-chitosan coatings showed obvious inhibiting effects on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and the corrosion rates of these coatings were mitigated to some degree. Further research on the coatings immersed in an Escherichia coli-suspended phosphate buffer saline medium showed that the bacteria attachment on the coating surface was effectively reduced, which indicated enhanced antibacterial properties. As a result, the Zn-Ni-chitosan coatings showed remarkably enhanced anticorrosive and antibacterial properties.

Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) on Oxygen-rich Porous Carbon Materials Obtained from Glucose/Potassium Oxalate.

To investigate the effects of oxygen-containing functional groups on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with different polarity, oxygen-rich porous carbon materials (OPCs) were synthesized by heat treatment of glucose/potassium oxalate material. The carbon material had a large specific surface area (1697 m2 g-1 ) and a high oxygen content (18.95 at.%). OPC exhibited high adsorption capacity of toluene (309 mg g-1 ) and methanol (447 mg g-1 ). The specific surface area and total pore volume determined the adsorption capacity of toluene and methanol at the high-pressure range, while the oxygen-containing groups became the main factor affecting the methanol adsorption at the low-pressure range due to the hydrogen bond interaction through the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study provides an important hint for developing a novel O-doped adsorbent for the VOCs adsorption applications and analyzing the role of oxygen-containing groups in the VOCs adsorption under the low-pressure range.

Experimental study on the treatment of acid mine drainage by modified corncob fixed SRB sludge particles.

In view of the characteristics of high content of SO4 2-, Fe2+ and Mn2+ in acid mine drainage and low pH value, based on the microbial immobilization technology, the single factor test and the orthogonal test were set respectively to determine the optimum alkaline H2O2 modification conditions for corncob. Then combining with sulfate reducing bacteria sludge, the modified corncob immobilized SRB sludge particles were prepared to treat acid mine drainage. On this basis, three dynamic column test models, including Column 1 without corncob particles, Column 2 with unmodified corncob particles, and Column 3 with modified corncob particles, were constructed. Through dynamic experiments, the three dynamic columns were compared to study the efficacy of AMD and their ability to resist changes in pollution load. The results of the orthogonal experiment showed that: when the corncob modified time was 24 h, the concentration of NaOH was 6% and the concentration of H2O2 was 1.5%, the prepared immobilized particles performed best. The results of the dynamic test showed that the treatment effect of Column 3 on AMD was better than that of Column 1 and 2. In the dynamic tests before and after the increase of pollution load, the highest removal percentages of SO4 2-, Mn2+, Fe2+ in Column 3 were 72.65%, 56.72%, 62.47% and 62.58%, 30.07%, 46.87% respectively, the average COD emission was 234 mg L-1 and 102.75 mg L-1, the effluent pH value was 6.96 and 6.65. In the dynamic tests before and after the increase of pollution load, the highest removal percentages of SO4 2-, Mn2+, Fe2+ in Column 2 were 52.94%, 46.93%, 72.55% and 48.92%, 26.43%, 43.23% respectively, the average COD emission was 508.14 mg L-1 and 152.88 mg L-1, the effluent pH value was 6.56 and 6.36. The high COD value of Column 2 is due to the organic matter leakage and poor metabolic activity of SRB contained in immobilized particles. Therefore, it indicated that Column 3 could better treat pollutants and resist changes of pollution load.

Basketball course optimization based on mechanical characteristics / Otimização do curso de basquete com base em características mecânicas / Optimización del curso de baloncesto en función de las características mecánicas

ABSTRACT Introduction Currently, college basketball lacks evaluation criteria, making the teaching of many classes reduced to the study of superficial movements, preventing the optimization of the sport's intrinsic mechanical characteristics. Objective Optimize the methodology of the basketball course by implementing the kinematic analysis of its key movements. Methods Four elite athletes were selected as research subjects. Infrared reflective balls were used as markers on the right elbow joint, right shoulder joint, left hip joint, right knee joint, right ankle joint, and left ankle joint, among other areas. The mechanical characteristics of the possession preparation phase, the ground takeoff phase, the takeoff stage, and the landing phase were compared, classified, and analyzed kinematically by APA software. The data were processed by SPSS software. Experimental data were classified and analyzed using independent variance, considering significant differences for P < 0.05. Results Differences in sports habits, physical conditions, and mechanical characteristics of elite athletes resulted in distinct joint angles, although within a common range. Conclusion When optimizing the basketball course, teachers should fully study the experience of professional athletes and update and optimize the basketball course for students from a more scientific and technical point of view for a better orientation in the sports teaching of the basketball course. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Atualmente, o basquete universitário carece de critérios de avaliação, tornando o ensino de muitas classes reduzido ao estudo de movimentos superficiais, impedindo a otimização das características mecânicas intrínsecas do esporte. Objetivo Otimizar a metodologia do curso de basquete pela implementação da análise cinemática dos seus principais movimentos. Métodos Quatro atletas de elite foram selecionados como sujeitos de pesquisa. Bolas reflexivas infravermelhas foram utilizadas como marcadores na articulação do cotovelo direito, articulação do ombro direito, articulação do quadril esquerdo, articulação do joelho direito, articulação do tornozelo direito, articulação do tornozelo esquerdo entre outras áreas. As características mecânicas da fase de preparação da posse de bola, a fase de decolagem do solo, a etapa de decolagem e a fase de pouso foram comparadas, classificadas e analisadas cinematicamente pelo software APA. Os dados foram processados pelo software SPSS. Dados experimentais foram classificados e analisados por meio de variância independente, considerando diferença significativa para P < 0,05. Resultados As diferenças de hábitos esportivos, condições físicas e características mecânicas dos atletas de elite resultaram em distintos ângulos articulares, ainda que dentro de uma faixa em comum. Conclusão Ao otimizar o curso de basquete, os professores devem estudar plenamente a experiência dos atletas profissionais, atualizar e otimizar o curso de basquete aos alunos do ponto de vista mais científico e técnico, para uma melhor orientação no ensino esportivo do curso de basquete. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos desfechos do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción En la actualidad, el baloncesto universitario carece de criterios de evaluación, lo que hace que la enseñanza de muchas clases se reduzca al estudio de movimientos superficiales, impidiendo la optimización de las características mecánicas intrínsecas del deporte. Objetivo Optimizar la metodología del curso de baloncesto mediante la aplicación del análisis cinemático de sus principales movimientos. Métodos Se seleccionaron cuatro atletas de élite como sujetos de la investigación. Se utilizaron bolas reflectantes infrarrojas como marcadores en la articulación del codo derecho, la articulación del hombro derecho, la articulación de la cadera izquierda, la articulación de la rodilla derecha, la articulación del tobillo derecho y la articulación del tobillo izquierdo, entre otras zonas. Las características mecánicas de la fase de preparación de la posesión, de la fase de despegue en tierra, de la fase de despegue y de la fase de aterrizaje fueron comparadas, clasificadas y analizadas cinemáticamente por el software APA. Los datos se procesaron con el software SPSS. Los datos experimentales fueron clasificados y analizados por varianza independiente, considerando la diferencia significativa para P < 0,05. Resultados Las diferencias en los hábitos deportivos, las condiciones físicas y las características mecánicas de los atletas de élite dieron lugar a distintos ángulos articulares, aunque dentro de un rango común. Conclusión A la hora de optimizar el curso de baloncesto, los profesores deben estudiar a fondo la experiencia de los deportistas profesionales, actualizar y optimizar el curso de baloncesto para los alumnos desde el punto de vista más científico y técnico, para una mejor orientación en la enseñanza deportiva del curso de baloncesto. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapêuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

[Effect of electroacupuncture intervention on enteric microecology in ulcerative colitis rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on enteric microbial populations in ulcerative colitis (UC) model rats, so as to study its mechanisms underlying improving UC. METHODS: Thirty-nine male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and EA group (n = 13 in each group). The UC model was established by intragstric perfusion of 4% dextran sodiumaqueous solution (DSS), once daily for 7 days. EA (15-25 Hz, 0.1 mA) was applied to bilateral "Tianshu" (ST 25), "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Shangjuxu" (ST 37) for 10 min, once daily for 5 days. Disease Activity Index (DAI) including body weight and stool blood state was used to evaluate the animals' conditions. The rats' excrement was collected to detect the abundance and diversity of bacterial populations by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). RESULTS: In comparison with the control group, the animals' DAI score and enteric Clostridium bifermentans content were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the abundance and diversity of bacterial populations, and contents of enteric Lachnospiraceae bacterium and Lactobacillus sp. were considerably down-regulated in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the DAI score and enteric Clostridium bifermentans content were significantly lowered, and the abundance and diversity of bacterial populations, and contents of enteric Lachnospiraceae bacterium and Lactobacillus sp. were notably increased in the EA group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: EA can improve DAI and the abundance and diversity of enteric bacterial microbiota in UC rats, which may be related to its protective effect on enteric microecology in UC.