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1.
East Mediterr Health J ; 23(5): 335-341, 2017 Jul 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28730586

RESUMO

This cross-sectional study investigated the mediatory role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between perceived stress and alexithymia with mental health. We enrolled 440 students (age 18-30 years) at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences through stratified random sampling method. The study tools were demographic checklist, GHQ-28, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analysed by SPSS-18 and AMOS-18 using Pearson correlation, hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM). There was a significant positive correlation between perceived stress and experiential avoidance, and alexithymia and mental health problems (P < 0.001). SEM showed that the relationship between perceived stress and mental health problems by experiential avoidance was 0.19 [(ß = 0.19; standard error (SE) = 0.09; P = 0.001], and the relationship between alexithymia and mental health problems through experiential avoidance was 0.09 (ß = 0.09; SE = 0.43; P = 0.01). The mediatory role of experiential avoidance was confirmed in such a way that the effects of alexithymia and perceived stress decreased.


Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/epidemiologia , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Poupança para Cobertura de Despesas Médicas , Percepção , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
2.
Front Public Health ; 10: 1004377, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36589939

RESUMO

Introduction: One of the major challenges in developing countries is the inappropriate spatial distribution of medical laboratory centers (MLCs) which can lead to injustice in access to health services. This study aimed to investigate the accessibility to and site suitability of MLCs in Kermanshah Metropolis by GIS. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from the Iran Statistical Center and Deputy of Treatment of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. We used Arc/GIS 10.6 software, AHP technique, and network analysis tools to determine the access status of Kermanshah citizens to MLCs in 2019 and site selection for MLCs. The layers used in this study included population density, city development trends, compatible and incompatible land uses, pathways, land slope, river area, and access radius. Results: About 70% of households had inappropriate access to all MLCs in walking scenario. This ratio was 31.26% for 5 min, 9.58% for 10 min, and 6.09% for 15 min driving. Comparisons between public and private MLCs showed that in walking scenario, 88% of households had improper access to public and 80% to private MLCs. Based on 5 and 10 min of driving, 57 and 19% of households had inappropriate access to public MLCs, and 45 and 17% to private MLCs, respectively. Also, with 15 min of driving, 8% of households had improper access to public and 18% to private MLCs. Findings showed that scores provided for population density criteria were (0.298), distance from existing laboratories (0.213), proximity to pathways (0.175), consistent land use (0.129), city development trend (0.087), distance from riverfront (0.053), distance from incompatible land uses (0.015), and land slope (0.03). The final model was obtained by overlaying the layers. The model showed a 9-degree range from very bad to very good in Kermanshah city for the construction of laboratory centers (CR<0.01). Conclusion: The site selection model showed that the location of the proposed centers can be in the north and outskirts of the city to facilitate citizens' access to the MLCs. These results emphasize the justice in the spatial distribution of MLCs for the benefit of deprived populations as a global value.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Laboratórios , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais
3.
Clin Exp Pediatr ; 64(12): 632-641, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33752281

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Over the past few decades, various goals have been defined to reduce the mortality of children caused by acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) worldwide. However, few spatial studies to date have reported on ALRI deaths. PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the spatial modeling of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years of age during 2000-2017 using a global data. METHODS: The data on the mortality of children under 5 years old caused by ALRI were initially obtained from the official website of the World Health Organization. The income status of their home countries was also gathered from the Country Income Groups (World Bank Classification) website and divided into 5 categories. After that, in the ArcGIS 10.6 environment, a database was created and the statistical tests and related maps were extracted. The Global Moran's I statistic, Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and geographically weighted regression were used for the analyses. In this study, higher z scores indicated the hot spots, while lower z scores indicated the cold spots. RESULTS: In 2000-2017, child mortality showed a downward trend from 17.6 per 100,000 children to 8.1 and had a clustered pattern. Hot spots were concentrated in Asia in 2000 but shifted toward African countries by 2017. A cold spot that formed in Europe in 2007 showed an ascending trend by 2017. Based on the results of geographically weighted regression test, the regions identified as the hot spots of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years old were among the middle-income countries (R2=0.01, adjusted R2=8.77). CONCLUSION: While the total number of child deaths in 2000-2017 has decreased, the number of hot spots has increased among countries. This study also concluded that, during the study period, Central and Western Africa countries became the main new hot spots of deaths from ALRI.

4.
J Egypt Public Health Assoc ; 96(1): 8, 2021 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33792815

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Health equity is directly associated with the proper distribution of resources, the existence of infrastructures, and the balanced physical environment. The present study aimed to survey the indexes of health equity in the physical environment and infrastructures of Kermanshah province based on the national indexes. RESULTS: The results revealed that access to transportation, health centers, solid waste management, and green and sports per capita had the least distance from the negative ideal whereas the noise pollution index had the greatest distance. However, house hygiene and air pollution indexes were within the negative and positive ideal ranges. CONCLUSIONS: The health equity indexes were not distributed equitably across counties and geographical regions of Kermanshah province.

5.
East Mediterr Health J ; 26(8): 888-898, 2020 Aug 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32896883

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Inappropriate distribution of health centres can increase inequities in health care. A geographic information system (GIS) is a useful tool to help plan, monitor and evaluate health systems by analysing and visualizing geospatial data. AIMS: This study aimed to propose an optimal model for establishing new health centres in the city of Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran using GIS. METHODS: In this descriptive analytical study, the number and location of health centres and people's access to them across Kermanshah were evaluated using the GIS system, ArcGIS 10.3, for the years 1997, 2007 and 2012. To determine the best locations for establishing health centres, five principles were considered: access, distance, service delivery radius, proximity to areas of compatible and incompatible land-use, and population density. RESULTS: In spite of an increase in the number of health centres in Kermanshah between 1997 and 2012, the population without access to such centres also increased, and this varied by age group. Based on the final map of all the land in Kermanshah, 6% of the land was considered unsuitable or very unsuitable, 16% medium suitability, and 78% good or very good for the location of health centres in Kermanshah city. CONCLUSION: The spatial distribution of health centres (in terms of the radius of access) and compatibility of the land-use were not properly considered over the 15-year period. To provide health coverage for the current population in the city of Kermanshah, 13 new health centres are needed in suitable locations.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Cidades , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Densidade Demográfica
6.
East Mediterr Health J ; 25(2): 119-126, 2019 Mar 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30942476

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the significance of applying Geographic information system (GIS) to survey accessibility to hospitals and understanding disparities in this regard has increased. AIMS: The main aim of this descriptive-analytical research was to study the spatial accessibility of the population of Kermanshah for 3 years 1997 (n=693157), 2007 (n=794863), and 2012 (n=851 405) to hospitals based on age and gender groups through GIS. METHODS: The study was conducted based on network analysis models, mean centre, and standard distance in the environment of Arc/GIS. A standard radius of 1500 metres was set for the medical centres, and a 25-minute walking span was set for the distance of each person from home to the nearest hospital. RESULTS: The results of the network analysis demonstrated that the hospitals were inaccessible to the populations according to our criteria, and their geographical access to hospitals measured 68.80%, 64.23% and 66.20% in 1997, 2007, and 2012, respectively. Women aged 65 years and above were more at risk in this regard. CONCLUSIONS: Over the total period under study, the results revealed that hospitals were concentrated in the central and southern areas of Kermanshah.


Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto Jovem
7.
J Gastrointest Cancer ; 50(4): 838-847, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30136201

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The trend of cancers has witnessed a twofold rise in the last three decades, which is expected to be fivefold by 2030. On the other hand, gastrointestinal cancers have turned into one of the health issues in many societies. Given the presence of gastrointestinal cancer hot spots and evidence of health inequalities across Kermanshah Metropolis and the results of studies signaling the association between gastrointestinal cancers and socioeconomic status of individuals as well as evidence of unequal socioeconomic opportunities in this metropolis, the present study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of gastrointestinal cancers in the poverty and affluent strata of Kermanshah Metropolis, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical study, the recorded data of patients, suffering from gastrointestinal cancers, in Kermanshah-based Pathology Centers and Vice Chancellery of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (2007-2012) were used. Moreover, to examine the status of gastrointestinal cancers in socioeconomic classes based on the census data collected during 2007-2012, 33 social, cultural, and structural indexes were extracted from the statistical blocks. Additionally, for data analysis and factor analysis, Kruskal-Wallis Test in the environment of SPSS and kernel density estimation (KDE) and Moran's I tests in the GIS environment were employed. FINDINGS: The results of the present study revealed that the distribution of poverty (Z score = 48.916518, p value = 0.000000) and affluent strata (Z score = 14.345028, p value = 0.000000) followed clustered patterns (p < 0.01). Additionally, the results indicated that the spatial distribution pattern of the upper gastrointestinal cancer was clustered (Z score = 1.896996, p value = 0.007828), whereas the spatial distribution pattern of the lower gastrointestinal cancer was inclined to a randomized clustered pattern (Z score = 1.338121, p value = 0.000857) (p < 0.01). Finally, seven main hot spots were identified from the poverty stratum in Kermanshah, which perfectly overlapped the hot spots of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Similarly, four main hot spots were identified from the affluent stratum in Kermanshah, which overlapped the hot spots of lower gastrointestinal cancer. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis Test demonstrated that the poverty and affluent strata were significantly different from each other in terms of gastrointestinal cancer: upper gastrointestinal cancer (p < 0.05 and X2=10.064) and lower gastrointestinal cancer (p < 0.05 and X2=10.253). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that the ratio of patients with lower gastrointestinal cancers was higher than the incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancers over the 5-year period under study. Moreover, in Kermanshah Metropolis, there was a significant difference between the upper gastrointestinal cancer in the poverty stratum and the lower gastrointestinal cancer in the affluent stratum. Hence, it is suggested that GIS be applied as a tool for identifying the patterns of effective factors of this type of cancer in each social class, and it is recommended that some effective policies be presented and adopted by health managers according to the role and importance of socioeconomic, environmental, and nutritional factors in the poverty and affluent strata of society, and people at risk be equipped with preventive training programs in this respect.


Assuntos
Status Econômico/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/epidemiologia , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Classe Social , Geografia , Humanos , Incidência , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Análise Espacial
8.
East Mediterr Health J ; 25(11): 775-783, 2019 Nov 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31782513

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Quality of life is an important indicator for measuring health status, and information on quality of life of different groups in society can be used to assess the effect of interventions on health. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the relationship between urban poverty and perception of family socioeconomic status, and health-related quality of life in residents of informal settlements. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 432 residents of two neighbourhoods of informal settlements in Kermanshah in 2015. To measure poverty, the 16 indicators of 2011 Iranian census were used. The neighbourhoods were classified into three groups: high poverty (9.3%), middle poverty (49.2%) and low poverty (41.5%) levels. Health-related quality of life was assessed with the SF-36 questionnaire. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated and regression and ANOVA analyses were done. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the SF-36 scores for the three poverty levels, and no relationship between poverty and the health-related quality of life subscales (P > 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between perception of family socioeconomic status and health-related quality of life (P < 0.05). In regression analysis, having a chronic illness, perception of family socioeconomic status, age and sex predicted the physical health domain of the SF-36, whereas perception of family socioeconomic status and having a chronic illness predicted the mental health domain. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective perception of family socioeconomic status can explain differences in health-related quality of life of low-income people.


Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade de Vida , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/normas , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Saúde Mental , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Percepção , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
9.
Saudi Med J ; 29(6): 847-53, 2008 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18521463

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cardio depressant concentration of diazepam on the function of isolated rat heart in ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: This study was performed at the Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran from November 2006 to March 2007. Isolated, perfused rat hearts were subjected to 40 minutes normothermic global ischemia and 45 minutes reperfusion. Diazepam (100 microM) was added to the perfusion solution for 10 minutes before ischemia in the test group. Different cardiac variables including left ventricular developed pressure, heart rate, and coronary flow (CF) were measured. Rate pressure product (RPP) was calculated, during the ischemic period time until onset of ischemic contracture and maximum contracture were determined. In reperfusion, released lactate dehydrogenase enzyme in effluent was measured and cardiac functional recovery was determined. RESULTS: It was found that diazepam significantly decreased RPP and increased CF before ischemia. In the diazepam group (n=10), during ischemia, maximum contracture was significantly lower than the control group (n=14). Also, diazepam significantly increased functional recovery and coronary flow in reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Diazepam (100 microM) significantly decreased maximum contracture during ischemia, improved the recovery of myocardial function and CF in reperfusion. The results show that the cardio depressant concentration of diazepam is safe and relatively protective in the ischemia-reperfused isolated rat heart. These effects may be mediated by inhibition of calcium current in cardiomyocytes.


Assuntos
Antiarrítmicos/farmacologia , Diazepam/farmacologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Animais , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
10.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev ; 16(17): 7737-42, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26625790

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cancer is one of the common causes of disability and mortality in the world. The present study aimed to define the spatiotemporal distribution of gastrointestinal tract cancers using a geographic information system (GIS) over the time period of 2007-2012 in Kermanshah-Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The method of studying was descriptive-analytical as well as comparative with gastrointestinal tract cancer patients based in the City of Kermanshah over the time period covered. For data analysis, the GIS and SPSS 16.0 were applied. RESULTS: According to the pathological reports within the space of 5 years, 283 cases of gastrointestinal tract cancer (157 in males, 156 in females) were reported. The performed tests in terms of spatial distribution in the environment of GIS indicated that the disease demonstrated a clustered pattern in the City of Kermanshah. More to the point, some loci of this disease have emerged in the City of Kermanshah that in the first level, 6 neighborhoods with 29-59 cases of this disease per square kilometer and in the second level, 15-29 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal tract cancer demonstrated an ascending trend within the space of 5 years of research and the spatiotemporal distribution of cancer featured a concentrated and clustered pattern in the City of Kermanshah.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/epidemiologia , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Idoso , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Geografia , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
11.
Korean J Fam Med ; 36(5): 210-5, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26435810

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The harmful effects of sedative medications and substances in conjunction with limited research regarding predictive psychological constructs of drug abuse necessitate further investigation of associated factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the roles of perceived stress, alexithymia, and psychological health as predictors of sedative abuse in medical students. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 548 students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were selected using stratified random sampling. The data were obtained using the Perceived Stress Scale, an alexithymia scale (Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20), and a General Health Questionnaire to assess psychological health. Data were analyzed using discriminant analyses. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the user and non-user of sedative substances groups had significantly different predictive variables (except for social function disorder) (P>0.05). Physical complaints, alexithymia, and perceived stress, which had standard coefficients of 0.80, 0.60, and -0.27, respectively, predicted sedative drug use. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that perceived stress, alexithymia, physical complaints, anxiety, and depression are associated with sedative drug abuse.

12.
J Environ Public Health ; 2013: 169682, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23840229

RESUMO

Due to complex composition of leachate, the comprehensive leachate treatment methods have been not demonstrated. Moreover, the improper management of leachate can lead to many environmental problems. The aim of this study was application of Fenton process for decreasing the major pollutants of landfill leachate on Kermanshah city. The leachate was collected from Kermanshah landfill site and treated by Fenton process. The effect of various parameters including solution pH, Fe(2+) and H2O2 dosage, Fe(2+)/H2O2 molar ratio, and reaction time was investigated. The result showed that with increasing Fe(2+) and H2O2 dosage, Fe(2+)/H2O2 molar ratio, and reaction time, the COD, TOC, TSS, and color removal increased. The maximum COD, TOC, TSS, and color removal were obtained at low pH (pH: 3). The kinetic data were analyzed in term of zero-order, first-order, and second-order expressions. First-order kinetic model described the removal of COD, TOC, TSS, and color from leachate better than two other kinetic models. In spite of extremely difficulty of leachate treatment, the previous results seem rather encouraging on the application of Fenton's oxidation.


Assuntos
Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Ferro/química , Eliminação de Resíduos , Resíduos Sólidos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Irã (Geográfico) , Cinética , Modelos Teóricos , Oxirredução
13.
Saudi Med J ; 33(3): 250-5, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22426904

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acetazolamide on the ischemia-reperfused isolated hearts of 2- and 8-week-old rabbits. METHODS: This study was conducted at the Kermanshah Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran from March to September 2011. Two- (n=17) and 8-week old (n=17) rabbits were separately divided into 2 control (n=9), and test (n=8) groups. Isolated hearts were subjected to 35 minutes ischemia and 30 minutes reperfusion. Acetazolamide (100 microgr/l) was added to the perfusion solution for 10 minutes before ischemia in the test group. Cardiac parameters including ventricular pressure, heart rate (HR), and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured. Data sets were analyzed by t-test. RESULTS: Following acetazolamide administration the change percentage of HR was significantly different in the 2-week (91 +/- 1.1%) compared with the 8-week (96 +/- 0.8%) test groups (p=0.0016). Recovery percentage of RPP in reperfusion was lower (p=0.005) in the 8- (28.9 +/- 3.4%) than the 2-week test groups (45.2 +/- 3.5%). CONCLUSION: The 2-week hearts elicited more rapid response to carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibition than the 8-week group. However, acetazolamide does not exacerbate ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the 2-week hearts. Therefore, it was revealed that after inhibition of CA, the age dependent pattern of I/R injury was similar to that of the normal hearts. Inspite of the CA important role in the normal heart function, it is not a determining factor in I/R injury in different ages.


Assuntos
Acetazolamida/uso terapêutico , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/prevenção & controle , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Técnicas In Vitro , Coelhos
14.
Saudi Med J ; 30(6): 755-9, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19526155

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether repeated diazepam administration affects the heart in ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: This study was performed at the Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran, from March to September 2008. Four groups of rats were subjected to a daily injection of diazepam (group 1 [0.5 mg/kg for 21 days], group II [2.5 mg/kg for 5 days], and group III [5 mg/kg for 5 days] intraperitoneally), and saline solution (21 days) in the control groups. Isolated, perfused hearts were subjected to 40 minutes global ischemia, and 45 minutes reperfusion. The left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), heart rate, and coronary flow were measured. Rate pressure product (RPP) was calculated. In reperfusion, released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme in effluent was measured. RESULTS: It was observed that the recovery of the RPP and LVDP in reperfusion significantly decreased in the test group III (n=9) in comparison to the control (n=8). During the reperfusion period, the released LDH significantly increased in test group II (n=8) and group III in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION: The results show that repeated administration of diazepam (5 mg/kg for 5 days) reduced the cardiac performance in reperfusion, and significantly exacerbated the ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is probably mediated by the changing of cardiac susceptibility in ischemia due to repeated administration of diazepam.


Assuntos
Diazepam/administração & dosagem , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologia , Animais , Diazepam/farmacologia , Coração/fisiopatologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
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