["The Unified Health System that works": actions of humanization of prenatal care]. / "O Sistema Único de Saúde que dá certo": ações de humanização no pré-natal.

OBJECTIVE: to know how the approach of public policy humanization prerequisites and health programs proposed by the Ministry of Health occur in the practice of prenatal of care usual risk. METHOD: field study, exploratory descriptive qualitative approach. The survey was conducted from February to June 2014, with participant observation and semi-structured interviews in four family health units where five nurses and three doctors attended. Operative Proposal was chosen for data analysis. RESULTS: the categories revealed in this study that promoted the humanization of prenatal care were: The approach and linking of pregnant woman and their family to family health units and Permanent education as a facilitator for humanization in prenatal care. CONCLUSIONS: it is understood that to approach humanized attention, an enlarged look in face of women's singularities is required.

[Health in adolescence with HIV / AIDS: paths for a post-2015 schedule]. / A saúde no adolescer com HIV/aids: caminhos para uma agenda pós-2015.

OBJECTIVE: to relate the perception of health in adolescents living with HIV/AIDS with possible strategies to reduce the spread of the virus. METHOD: qualitative, descriptive exploratory study, developed in the Specialized Assistance Services in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, with 15 adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. Information was collected in 2013, through semi-structured interview and processed by thematic analysis. RESULTS: The information analysis resulted in two categories: Perceptions of Health and Adolescence with HIV/AIDS, which made it possible to relate living with HIV/AIDS and the Millennium Development Goals with strategies that allow reducing the spread of the virus. CONCLUSIONS: adolescents with HIV/AIDS perceive themselves as healthy. The strategies to reduce the spread of the virus must therefore focus on self-care and in reducing prejudice and stigma in society, these actions being suggested as an agenda for the next millennium goals.

["It was worth it when I saw his face": experiences of primiparous women during natural childbirth]. / "No final compensa ver o rostinho dele": vivências de mulheres-primíparas no parto normal.

OBJECTIVE: to know the experiences of primiparous women regarding the care practices provided by nursing professionals during natural childbirth. METHOD: a qualitative, descriptive study, conducted with ten primiparous mothers at a maternity hospital in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, between February and April 2014, based on individual semi-structured interviews. The data were submitted to thematic content analysis according to the operative proposal. RESULTS: the data were grouped into the following categories: The fear of not being able to give birth naturally and the encouragement of the nursing staff; The experience of pain in natural childbirth; Support versus distance; Good or bad childbirth experience? "It was worth it in the end!" CONCLUSIONS: the provided care has a direct impact on the experience and how the women cope with the process of childbirth.

[Perceptions of women in puerperium regarding factors that influence breast feeding]. / Percepções de puérperas quanto aos fatores que influenciam o aleitamento materno.

The following paper presents the results of an exploratory-descriptive research, applying a qualitative approach. The main goal was to understand the perceptions of women in puerperium concerning the factors that influence breast feeding. The study has been carried out in a university hospital. Ten women in immediate puerperium participated. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The analytical procedure adopted was content analysis. The results pointed out categories related to biological and cultural factors. The research has reinforced the importance of knowing the main aspects that interfere with breast feeding and, thus, enabling health professionals applying new strategies in the construction of actions of health education, valuing the many dimensions that compose this experience.

Being born at home is natural: care rituals for home birth.

OBJECTIVE: To be aware of the care rituals developed by families when preparing for home birth during the gestational process. METHOD: Qualitative and ethnographic research developed with families during the gestational process. We adopted the observation-participation-reflection model, and the analysis was performed according to ethnonursing. RESULTS: Care rituals are related to the choice of home as a place for childbirth, being characterized as a family's rite of separation to experience this process. Other care rituals involved the preparation of the family and the eldest child as well as the home, the body, and the mind of the pregnant woman, and the choice of destination of the placenta. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: We must understand the birth process beyond the biological perspective, considering women and their family as a whole, within a cultural context with their beliefs and values.

[Culture permeating the feelings and the reactions in the face of pain]. / A cultura permeando os sentimentos e as reações frente a dor.

This study describes the perception of pain and the meanings it has for adults who use the Brazilian public health system, the Sistema Unico de Saúde (SUS). The sample was comprised of 60 patients who sought the service in the period. This is a descriptive-explanatory research whose data were collected through semi-structured interviews and evaluated qualitatively. The emerging themes were grouped into categories. It was observed that "the meaning of pain" revealed the preponderance of the comprehension of pain as a physical matter. It also showed that pain is related to emotional, sentimental, religious and human circumstances as well. "The reaction of men and women in the face of pain" is perceived differently according to the gender. In questions such as "How do you feel when you are in pain?" the answers varied between affective, cognitive and behavioral.

[Assisting adolescent women: a report on an experience]. / Assistindo mulheres adolescentes: um relato de experiência.

This paper reports the experience with a group of adolescent women in a Basic Health Center, in the municipality of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, through an extension project developed by the teaching staff and the academicians of the Nursing and Psychology Courses of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFSM), whose objective is carrying out integrated actions that provide spaces for reflection and discussion with adolescents. For such purpose, a participative methodology was adopted in which the adolescents effectively perform in the educational process. Didactical workshops provided dynamic activities on the themes and important reflections among the people involved, evidencing the relevance of the activities of this nature at the level of basic care.

[Reflections about the vealed sexuality in the nurse image]. / Reflexoes sobre a sexualidade velada na imagem da enfermeira.

This article presents a reflection about the image that the female nurse makes of herself and the lack of sexuality in this image. The cultural interpretation of the theme has been carried out by means of the qualitative methodology. Data have been collected through the technique of the focal group, in eight sessions with fourteen nurses of a public university. The question: how do I see the nurse image? Led to the construction of these data. It has been revealed almost total lack of sexuality in the image nurses have of themselves. A conclusion has been drawn that, in Nursing, the existing cultural rules are veiled. They control and discipline individual attitudes, limit differences and level up the group.

[Focus groups with women from quilombo communities in Brazil]. / A utilização da técnica de grupo focal: um estudo com mulheres quilombolas.

This article discusses an experience using the focus group technique with women from a quilombo, or community of descendants of African slaves in Brazil. This is a descriptive qualitative anthropological study of 13 women from a quilombo in rural Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The focus group technique allowed an approach, interaction, and exchange of knowledge, experiences, perceptions, and feelings, in addition to problematization and in-depth discussion concerning the meaning of women's health care in the quilombo. The focus group was a prime space for learning and understanding the life experiences of quilombola women and the meanings they assigned to the experiences. In order to use the focus group technique, researchers must display creativity, sensitivity, attention, respect, nonjudgmental attitudes, flexibility, prior preparation, and knowledge of the technique and specific study topic.

"Nós estamos grávidos": rituais de cuidado desenvolvidos por famílias durante o processo gestacional / "Estamos embarazados": rituales de atención desarrollados por las familias durante el proceso gestacional / "We are pregnant": care rituals developed by families during the gestational process

Objetivo: conhecer os rituais de cuidado desenvolvidos pelas famílias durante o processo gestacional. Método: pesquisa etnográfica, desenvolvida entre abril e dezembro de 2016, com três famílias que vivenciavam o processo gestacional e profissionais de saúde que as acompanhavam, em um município da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Adotou-se o modelo de Observação-Participação-Reflexão, com entrevista complementar. A análise fundamentou-se na etnoenfermagem. Resultados: os rituais de cuidado estavam ligados à revelação da gestação, à alimentação, à utilização de homeopatia e chás, à reorganização familiar, à preparação do quarto do bebê, às vestimentas do bebê, ao chá de fraldas, às escolhas futuras da criança, ao apadrinhamento e ao registro da gestação. Conclusão: os rituais de cuidado constituem elementos culturais essenciais para o cuidado à saúde da família grávida. Eles integram os familiares, mantém e fortalecem a identidade e a cultura familiar e renovam os elementos que compõem a família.

Objective: to understand the care rituals developed by families during the gestational process. Method: ethnographic research, carried out between April and December 2016, with three families who experienced the gestational process and health professionals that accompanied them, in a city in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The model adopted was the Observation-Participation-Reflection, with supplementary interview. The analysis was based on the ethnonursing. Results: the care rituals were related to the revelation of the pregnancy, nutrition, the use of homeopathy and teas, family reorganization, the preparation of the baby's room, the baby clothing, diaper shower, to the future choices of the child, godparents and the record of the pregnancy. Conclusion: care rituals constitute cultural elements essential for the health care of the pregnant family. They are part of the family, maintaining and strengthening the family identity and culture and renewing the elements that compose the family.

Objetivo: comprender los rituales de cuidado desarrollados por las familias durante el proceso de gestación. Método: investigación etnográfica, llevada a cabo entre abril y diciembre de 2016, con tres familias que experimentaron el proceso gestacional y los profesionales de la salud que las acompañaron, en un municipio de la región central del estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Se adoptó el modelo Observación-Participación-Reflexión, con entrevista complementaria. El análisis se basó en la etnoenfermería. Resultados: los rituales de cuidado estaban relacionados con la revelación del embarazo, la nutrición, el uso de la homeopatía y tés, y a la reorganización de la familia, la preparación de la habitación del bebé, la ropa del bebé, fiesta de pañales, las opciones futuras del niño, apadrinamiento y el registro del embarazo. Conclusión: los rituales de cuidado constituyen elementos culturales esenciales para el cuidado de la salud de la familia embarazada. Ellos son parte de la familia, mantienen y refuerzan la identidad y la cultura de la familia y renuevan los elementos que componen la familia.

[Sexuality as cultural construction: reflections on inherent prejudice and myths in a group of rural women]. / A sexualidade como uma construção cultural: reflexões sobre preconceitos e mitos inerentes a um grupo de mulheres rurais.

The present work focuses on sexuality as a cultural construct. To support this idea, a study was carried out with a group of eleven women from a rural community, in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the narratives were analyzed qualitatively, seeking to extract meaning from the inquiries by viewing them through a cultural lens. Sexuality is viewed as a personal experience, composed of values, beliefs, myths and prejudice assimilated during the socialization of each respondent. Reflections highlighting the importance of cultural interpretation of the events for nurses, especially those referring to sexuality to the nurses, were included.

[Sexuality on nursing assistance: reflections on a cultural perspective]. / A sexualidade na assistência de enfermagem: reflexões numa perspectiva cultural.

This study aimed to understand sexuality and how the construction of its meanings, symbols, feelings, and values is developed. The data were collected through focal group techniques and individual interviews with nurses. The emerging feelings were: embarrassment; fear; surprise; challenge; sorrow; worry, and personal satisfaction. The experience with the sexuality on nursing assistance revealed: the presence of a pathological and biological perspective in the action of nursing, showing this dimension as something that needs to be medically treated; on the other hand, it showed that this theme can be a way to self-knowledge, rethinking concepts, values and conflicts, as well as producing nursing care in a more ethical, committed and empathetic way, thus valuing the dignity of the ones cared for and the ones who take care.

[Invisible or hidden sexuality in nursing?]. / A sexualidade invisível ou oculta na enfermagem?

This article is a reflection which pervades the theme about invisibility or hiding of sexuality in the nursing care practice, or besides, of the nurses themselves, leading to questions which hold this bearing, how it was created and what maintains it. The approach presented here permits to assure that this theme goes beyond technical informative itself and, at the same time, is revealed in the nurses's cultural diverseness, giving the opportunity to instrument people for the being and the doing in nurging which provides an experience of life much more qualitatively meaningful.

"Vem passando de geração para geração": as práticas de cuidados de mulheres quilombolas / "Going from generation to generation": Caring practices for quilombola women / "Pasado de generación en generación": las prácticas de cuidado de las mujeres quilombolas

Objetivo: investigar como foram construídas socioculturalmente as práticas de cuidado entre mulheres de uma comunidade quilombola. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, com vertente antropológica, desenvolvida com mulheres quilombolas. Os dados, produzidos a partir da técnica de grupo focal, foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática, conforme a proposta operativa. Resultados: foram apresentados os cuidados desenvolvidos e compartilhados durante os diferentes ciclos de vida da mulher quilombola. A menarca, gravidez, parto, puerpério e a menopausa foram evidenciados como processos que demandam ações específicas e são realizadas a partir dos recursos existentes no contexto familiar e comunitário. Conclusões: as práticas de cuidados foram construídas a partir dos valores historicamente presentes no universo cultural desta comunidade quilombola. Elas representam ações repassadas intergeracionalmente entre as mulheres, as quais são representadas como os principais cuidadores dentro do contexto domiciliar e familiar, mas também entre os indivíduos que são cuidados por elas.

Aim: to investigate how sociocultural care practices were built among women in a quilombola community. Method: qualitative, descriptive, anthropological research, developed with quilombola women. The data, produced from the focus group technique, were submitted to thematic content analysis, according to the operative proposal. Results: the care developed and shared during the different life cycles of quilombola women were presented. Menarche, pregnancy, childbirth, the puerperium and menopause were evidenced as processes that demand specific actions and are made from the existing resources in the family and community context. Conclusions: the care practices were built from the historically values present in the cultural universe of this quilombola community. They represent actions passed on intergenerationally among women, who are represented as the main caregivers within the home and family context, but also among the individuals who are cared for by them.

Objetivo: investigar cómo eran las prácticas de atención construidos socioculturalmente entre las mujeres de la comunidad quilombola. Método: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, antropológica, desarrollada con las mujeres quilombolas. Los datos, producidos a partir de la técnica del grupo focal, fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido temático, de acuerdo con la propuesta operativa. Resultados: han sido presentados los cuidados desarrollados y compartidos durante los diferentes ciclos de vida de las mujeres quilombolas. La menarquia, el embarazo, el parto, el puerperio y la menopausia se evidenciaron como procesos que demandan acciones específicas y se realizan con los recursos existentes en el contexto familiar y comunitario. Conclusiones: las prácticas de cuidados fueron construidas a partir de los valores históricamente presentes en el universo cultural de esta comunidad quilombola. Representan acciones transmitidas intergeneracionalmente entre las mujeres, que son representadas como las principales cuidadoras en el contexto de la casa y familiar, pero también entre las personas que son atendidas por ellas.

Vivências do período gravídico-puerperal na perspectiva de mulheres adolescentes / Experiences from the puerperal period according to the viewpoint of adolescent women / Vivencias del período gravídico puerperal en la perspectiva de mujeres adolescentes

Objetivo: Conhecer como a mulher adolescente vivencia o período gravídico-puerperal. Método: Estudo qualitativo descritivo. As participantes foram 11 puérperas adolescentes. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e o mapa falante. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática da proposta operativa. Resultados: Revelaram que no início da gestação sentiram insegurança, medo e rejeição; passaram por alguns abandonos e afastamentos; tiveram que reorganizar os planos de vida; os estudos foram adiados; mas, ao final, prevaleceu o sentimento de felicidade ao ter o filho nos braços. Conclusão: conhecer a vivência do período gravídico-puerperal das adolescentes permitiu compreender a importância do profissional de saúde atuar neste contexto e poder contribuir para evolução de uma gestação saudável a partir da compreensão das singularidades das adolescentes

Objective: The study's purpose has been to know how the adolescent woman experience the pregnancypuerperal period. Methods: It is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The participants were 11 adolescents who have recently given birth. Data collection took place through a semi-structured interview and the taking map. The data were submitted to thematic content analysis according to the operative proposal. Results: Data have revealed that women felt insecurity, fear and rejection during the initial stages of pregnancy; they faced abandonment; they also had to rearrange their life plans; their studies were put aside and delayed; but, after all, the feeling of happiness by having their children together has prevailed. Conclusion: Experiencing the pregnancy-puerperal period allowed the adolescent women to understand the importance of health professionals participating of this context and being able to contribute to a healthy pregnancy by appreciating the adolescents' specificities

Objetivo: Conocer cómo el adolescente mujer viviendo el periodo grávido puerperal. Método: estudio descriptivo cualitativo. Los participantes eran 11 adolescentes que han dado a luz recientemente. Para datos colección utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada y el mapa. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido temático de la propuesta operativa. Resultados: reveló que temprano en el embarazo se sentía inseguridad, temor y rechazo; fue a través de algunas salidas y llegadas; tuvo que reorganizar los planes de vida; los estudios fueron retrasados; pero, al final, prevaleció el sentimiento de felicidad para que el niño en sus brazos. Conclusión: llegar a conocer que la experiencia de los adolescentes el período grávidos permitido entender la importancia puerperal de profesional de la salud actuar en este contexto y ser capaces de contribuir a un embarazo saludable de la comprensión de las singularidades de los adolescentes

Adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids: experiências de sexualidade / Adolescentes que viven con el VIH/SIDA: experiencias de sexualidad / Adolescents living with HIV/AIDS: sexuality experiences

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar as experiências de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids acerca da sexualidade. MÉTODO Pesquisa qualitativa realizada em um Serviço de Atendimento Especializado, de um município do Rio Grande do Sul, com 15 adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids, no ano de 2014. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados por meio da proposta operativa de Minayo. RESULTADOS As primeiras interações afetivas dos adolescentes foram experienciadas por meio do ficar e namorar, fortemente, influenciadas pela valência diferencial de gênero nas construções familiares. As experiências de relações sexuais foram decorrentes da dimensão afetiva do relacionamento e não se davam sem preocupação para os adolescentes. Administrar a condição de soropositividade em seus relacionamentos afetivos mobilizava o seu cotidiano. CONCLUSÃO O aprendizado da sexualidade extrapola o acesso às informações, decorrendo das experiências vivenciadas, do momento e dos distintos cenários em que elas se inserem.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar las experiencias de adolescentes viviendo con VIH/SIDA sobre la sexualidad. MÉTODO Investigación cualitativa realizada en un Servicio de Atención Especializada de un municipio del Rio Grande do Sul, con 15 adolescentes viviendo con VIH/SIDA, en el año de 2014. Se utilizó entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron analizados a traves de la propuesta operativa de Minayo. RESULTADOS Las primeras interacciones afectivas de los adolescentes se experimentaron a través del ficar y namorar, fuertemente influenciadas por las diferencias de género en las construcciones familiares. Las experiencias de relaciones sexuales se debieron a dimensión afectiva de la relación y no se dieron sin preocupación a los adolescentes. El manejo de la condición de seropositividad en sus relaciones afectivas movilizaba su vida cotidiana. CONCLUSIÓN El aprendizaje de la sexualidad excede el acceso a las informaciones, derivándose de las múltiples experiencias vivenciadas, del momento y de los distintos escenarios en que se insertan.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the experiences of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS about sexuality. METHOD Qualitative research carried out in a Specialized Care Service of a municipality, of Rio Grande do Sul, with 15 adolescents living with HIV/AIDS, in the year of 2014. A semi-structured interview was used. The data was analyzed using Minayo's operative proposal. RESULTS The first affective interactions of adolescents were experienced through hooking up and dating, strongly influenced by the differential valence of gender in family constructions. The experiences of sexual relations were due to the affective dimension of the relationship and were not given without concern to the adolescents. Managing the condition of seropositivity in their affective relationships mobilized their daily lives. CONCLUSION The learning of sexuality extrapolates the access to information, resulting from the multiple experiences lived, the moment and the different scenarios in which they are inserted.

Sexuality of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS: sources of information defining learning / Sexualidad de adolescentes que viven con VIH/sida: fuentes de información delimitando aprendizajes / Sexualidade de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids: fontes de informação delimitando aprendizados

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the sources of information of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS that define learning about sexuality. Methods: A qualitative study was performed in a Specialized Care Service of a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, with 15 adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. A semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used. Results: Adolescents have built up their knowledge about sexuality, especially through relationships with friends and older family members, or through access to media sources. Schools and health services were spaces for sharing information about biological aspects of sexuality. Conclusion: Nurses need to address adolescent sexuality beyond the biological dimension and support it through critical and dialogical health education.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer las fuentes de información de los adolescentes que viven con VIH/sida que delimitan aprendizajes sobre sexualidad. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa realizada en un Servicio de Atención Especializada de una ciudad del interior del Rio Grande do Sul, con 15 adolescentes viviendo con VIH / sida. Se utilizó entrevista semi-estructurada y análisis temático. Resultados: Los adolescentes han construido sus conocimientos sobre la sexualidad a través de las relaciones con los amigos, con un miembro de la familia mayor que ellos, o el acceso a los medios de comunicación. La escuela y el servicio de salud fueron espacios para la socialización de informaciones relativas a los aspectos biológicos de la sexualidad. Conclusión: Las enfermeras necesitan abordar la sexualidad de los adolescentes más allá de la dimensión biológica y apoyarla en la educación en salud crítica y dialógica.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer as fontes de informação de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids que delimitam aprendizados acerca da sexualidade Método: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada em um Serviço de Atendimento Especializado, de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, com 15 adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids. Utilizaram-se a entrevista semiestruturada e a análise temática. Resultados: Os adolescentes construíram seus conhecimentos acerca da sexualidade, principalmente, a partir das relações com os amigos, com algum membro da família mais experiente que eles, ou pelo acesso a fontes midiáticas. A escola e o serviço de saúde constituíram espaços de socialização de informações relativas aos aspectos biológicos da sexualidade. Emergiram relatos de despreparo e desconhecimentos para a sua experimentação. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros precisam abordar a sexualidade dos adolescentes para além da dimensão biológica e respaldá-la em uma educação em saúde crítica e dialógica.

Ser mulher quilombola: revelando sentimentos e identidades / Being a quilombola woman: unveilling feelings and identities / Ser mujer quilombola: revelando sentimientos e identidades

OBJETIVO: desvelar os sentimentos que emergem, em um de mulheres, em relação à sua identidade quilombola. MÉTODO: pesquisa de campo, descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e vertente antropológica. Foi realizado com 13 mulheres de uma comunidade quilombola do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio da técnica de grupo focal, em fevereiro de 2014. Utilizou-se a técnica de desenho para permitir a interação e a expressão dos sentimentos das participantes. Aplicou-se a análise de conteúdo temática da proposta operativa, sendo os dados interpretados à luz da antropologia interpretativa. RESULTADOS: foram atribuídos os sentimentos de felicidade e orgulho à identidade quilombola. A vida no quilombo imprime às mulheres um sentimento de liberdade. CONCLUSÃO: os sentimentos mesclam-se a sensações de angústia, insegurança e esperança, devido às condições adversas vivenciadas no local.

Aim: to unveil the feelings that emerge in a group of women regarding their quilombola identity. Method: field research with descriptive and qualitative approach and anthropological dimensions. The study involved 13 women of a quilombola community of the countryside of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data were collected through the Focal Group technique in February 2014. We used the technique of drawings to allow interaction and expression of the feelings of the participants. Thematic content analysis of operative proposal was adopted and data were interpreted in the light of interpretative anthropology. Results: feelings of happiness and pride towards the quilombola identity were identified. Life in the quilombo causes in women a sense of freedom. Conclusion: feelings of anguish, insecurity and hope are mixed in the expressions of the women, due to adverse conditions experienced in the place.

Being born at home is natural: care rituals for home birth / Natural nacer en casa: rituales de cuidado para el parto en casa / Natural nascer em casa: rituais de cuidado para o parto domiciliar

ABSTRACT Objective: To be aware of the care rituals developed by families when preparing for home birth during the gestational process. Method: Qualitative and ethnographic research developed with families during the gestational process. We adopted the observation-participation-reflection model, and the analysis was performed according to ethnonursing. Results: Care rituals are related to the choice of home as a place for childbirth, being characterized as a family's rite of separation to experience this process. Other care rituals involved the preparation of the family and the eldest child as well as the home, the body, and the mind of the pregnant woman, and the choice of destination of the placenta. Final considerations: We must understand the birth process beyond the biological perspective, considering women and their family as a whole, within a cultural context with their beliefs and values.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer los rituales de cuidado desarrollados por las familias en la preparación para el parto en casa durante el proceso gestacional. Método: Investigación cualitativa y etnográfica desarrollada con familias durante el proceso gestacional. Ha sido adoptado el modelo de observación-participación-reflexión, y el análisis ha sido hecho de acuerdo con la etnoenfermería. Resultados: Los rituales de cuidado están vinculados a la decisión del domicilio como el sitio para el parto, caracterizándose como un ritual de separación de la familia para la vivencia de ese proceso. Otros rituales de cuidado han involucrado la preparación de la familia y del hijo mayor, así como del domicilio, del cuerpo y de la mente de la mujer, y la decisión del destino de la placenta. Consideraciones finales: Es necesario comprender el proceso parturitivo además de la perspectiva biológica, considerando la mujer y la familia en sus términos generales, insertados en un contexto cultural con sus creencias y valores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer os rituais de cuidado desenvolvidos pelas famílias na preparação para o parto domiciliar durante o processo gestacional. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa e etnográfica desenvolvida com famílias durante o processo gestacional. Foi adotado o modelo de observação-participação-reflexão, e a análise foi feita de acordo com a etnoenfermagem. Resultados: Os rituais de cuidado estão ligados à escolha do domicílio como local para o parto, caracterizando-se como um ritual de separação da família para a vivência desse processo. Outros rituais de cuidado envolveram a preparação da família e do filho mais velho, bem como do domicílio, do corpo e da mente da mulher, e a escolha do destino da placenta. Considerações finais: É preciso compreender o processo parturitivo além da perspectiva biológica, considerando a mulher e a família no seu todo, inseridos em um contexto cultural com suas crenças e valores.

Significados atribuídos por mulheres quilombolas ao cuidado à saúde / Meanings of health care assigned by quilombola women / Significados asignados por mujeres quilombolas el cuidado de la salud

Objective: Herein, we have aimed to gain knowledge regarding the meanings of health care assigned by a community of quilombola women. Methods: It is a qualitative research with anthropological approach in quilombola women. The data obtained by the focus group technique were submitted to content analysis according to the operative proposal and interpretative anthropology. Results: The health care meanings assigned by the quilombola women are related to work, feeding, physical activities and actions to prevent diseases, such as subjecting to medical examinations and practicing safe sex. Conclusions: This study showed that the health care meanings assigned by the quilombola women are considered cultural products, which must be understood within the context that they were developed and observed from a cultural perspective

Objetivo: Conhecer os significados atribuídos por mulheres de uma comunidade quilombola ao cuidado à saúde. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo, com vertente antropológica, realizado com mulheres quilombolas. Os dados foram produzidos por meio da técnica de grupo focal, analisados conforme a análise de conteúdo temática da proposta operativa e interpretados sob o prisma da antropologia interpretativa. Resultados: os significados atribuídos pelas mulheres ao cuidado à saúde estão condicionados ao trabalho, alimentação, higiene, atividade física e ações de prevenção de agravos à saúde, a partir da realização de exames preventivos e da prática de sexo seguro. Conclusões: os significados atrelados pelas mulheres quilombolas sobre o cuidado à saúde são considerados produtos culturais, que devem ser apreendidos dentro do contexto em que foram construídos e observados sob uma perspectiva cultural

Objetivo: Conocer los significados asignados a las mujeres de una comunidad quilombola el cuidado de la salud. Método: estudio cualitativo descriptivo, con filamento antropológico, con mujeres quilombolas. Los datos fueron producidos a través de la técnica de grupo focal, analizados según la análisis de contenido temático da propuesta operativa y interpretados bajo el prisma de la antropología interpretativa. Resultados: los significados asignados por las mujeres el cuidado de la salud están condicionados en trabajo, alimentacion, higiene, actividad física y prevención de enfermedades para la salud, a partir de la realización de examinaciones preventivos y la práctica de sexo seguro. Conslusiones: los significados asignados por las mujeres quilombolas a cerca de el cuidado de la salud se consideran productos culturales, que deben ser agarrados en el contexto en que fueron construidos y observados bajo una perspectiva cultural