Effects of mesenchymal stem cell culture on radio sterilized human amnion or radio sterilized pig skin in burn wound healing.

Deep second and third degree burns treatment requires fibroblasts, keratinocytes and other skin cells in order to grow new dermis and epidermis. Cells can proliferate, secrete growth factors and extracellular matrix required to repair the damaged tissue. Radiosterilized human amnion and radiosterilized pig skin have been used as natural origin skin dressings for burned patients. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into fibroblasts and keratinocytes and improve wound-healing progress. These cells can stimulate vascular tissue formation, release growth factors, synthetize new extracellular matrix and immunoregulate other cells. In this study, we developed mesenchymal stem cells-cellularized skin substitutes based from radiosterilized human amnion or pig skin. Third-degree burns were induced in mice animal models to evaluate the effect of cellularized skin substitutes on burn wound healing. Mesenchymal phenotype was immunophenotypically confirmed by flow cytometry and cell viability was close to 100%. Skin recovery was evaluated in burned mice after seven and fourteen days post-coverage with cellularized and non-cellularized sustitutes. Histological techniques and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate re-epithelization and type I collagen deposition. We determined that cellularized-human amnion or cellularized-pig skin in combination with mesenchymal stem cells improve extracellular matrix deposition. Both cellularized constructs increase detection of type I collagen in newly formed mouse skin and can be potentially used as skin coverage for further clinical treatment of burned patients.

Clinical application of amniotic membranes on a patient with epidermolysis bullosa.

The case of a patient with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa treated with radiosterilised amniotic membranes is presented. The disorder is a congenital disease characterised by a poor desmosomal junction in the keratinocyte membrane. After proper donor screening, amnios were collected at Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad (HCSAE), PEMEX and microbiological analysis was performed at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, FQUNAM, (Biology Dept. of the Chemistry Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico), before and after radiation sterilisation. Processing, packaging and sterilisation were performed at Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, ININ, (National Nuclear Research Institute). The patient, a ten-year-old boy with severe malnutrition, extensive loss of skin and pseudomonad infection in the whole body, was treated with gentle debridement in a Hubbard bath. Later amnion application was performed with sterilised amnios by using two different processes, in one of which the amnion was sterilised with paracetic acid, preserved in glycerol, kindly donated by the German Institute for Tissue and Cell Replacement and applied by Dr. Johannes C. Bruck, IAEA visiting expert, and the other amnion was processed at ININ: air dried and sterilised by gamma radiation at dose of 30 kGy. After spontaneous epithelisation was successfully promoted for seven days, the pain was alleviated and mobility was improved in a few hours and the patient's general condition was so improved that in a month he was discharged. Unfortunately, because this disease is revertive and has malignant degeneration, the prognosis is not good.

Application of acellular dermis and autograft on burns and scars.

The cases of two patients with burns treated with dermis allograft and of one patient for lip reconstructive aesthetic filling treated with less than one mm3 of radiosterilised acellular dermis are presented. This paper emphasizes the treatment with radiosterilised dermal grafts with a permanent character so far. Hospitals, therefore, can satisfy the demand for this kind of tissue in the case of disaster and patients with serious injuries. In the cases cited, histocompatibility analysis was not required, thus having the advantage of long-time storage of the radiosterilised dermis used on these patients. Neither inflammatory reaction nor acute phase re-absorption were observed. Moreover, shrink (contract) healing was diminished. After two years, the results are still satisfactory.

The clinical application of a fetal membrane on a diabetic patient's injury.

A description of the successful use of a fetal membrane in the recovery of a injured patient is presented. A diabetic female patient, 63 years old, was accidentally injured with a winnowing fork, which opened the skin of the front side of her left foot. For first two weeks, she was submitted to a treatment involving antibiotics, analgesics and antiinflammatories, but the infection did not disappear and the pain was almost unbearable. At the end of the third week, the injury underwent surgical washing with epidural blockage; suitable insulin dose and oral antidiabetics controlled the high-glucose concentration. However, due to the intensity of the pain, a risky epidural blockage was administered every four hours for 12 days. Finally, a radiosterilised human fetal membrane, which was collected at HCSAE and processed at ININ, was used as a biological wound dressing. Biological control of the tissue was performed at Facultad de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (The Chemistry Faculty of the National Autonomous University of Mexico) (UNAM). As a result, the pain first diminished and then stopped. The healing process started in a few days and led to a complete recovery in 2 1/2 months. At present, the patient is in good condition, living a normal life.

Donation transplants and tissue banking in Mexico.

Knowledge about transplants in Mexico goes back to the Aztec period. Today the need for organ and tissue transplants in Mexico is high; the estimated number is 100,000 patients, but there are only 2 donors per million population, for corneas. The organ, tissue and cell transplantation law which was modified in 2,000, establishes that when a person dies, he will be a potential donor of organs and tissues. This new law will give hope to many patients, since it is expected to increase significantly the amount of organs and tissues for transplants. At present Mexico has 178 hospitals that are authorized to carry out organ and tissue transplants, and 53 Tissue Banks.