Association between mandibular advancement device therapy and reduction of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness due to Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

BACKGROUND: Excessive daytime sleepiness is frequently reported as a symptom for OSA, leading to problems with concentration, mood and memory. MAD are considered as an effective therapy to control OSA, reducing EDS and improving sleep quality. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mandibular advance device (MAD) therapy on excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) of patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS: Ten patients from the Sleep Medicine Service of the "Hospital Geral Sanatório" (Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil) were diagnosed with EDS, and a personalized MAD was made for each one of them. Nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) and Maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) were applied before (baseline) and three months after the continuous use of the MAD. The number of arousals and microarousals at baseline and after treatment were also evaluated. RESULTS: All 10 patients completed the investigation. A significant decrease in the number of arousals and microarousals per night of sleep was observed after the use of MAD for three consecutive months (P=0.0078; Wilcoxon signed-ranks test). Also, there was a significant reduction on the apnea/hypopnea index between baseline and post-treatment values (P=0.0001; paired-t test), as well as an increase in the mean latency for the onset of sleep (MSL) in the MTW (P=0.0047; paired t- test), indicating a significant difference among baseline and after treatment. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the improvement on EDS is associated with the used of MAD in patients diagnosed with OSA, improving their quality of sleep. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Association between mandibular advancement device therapy and reduction of excessive daytime sleepiness due to obstructive sleep apnoea.

BACKGROUND: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is frequently reported as a symptom for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), leading to problems with concentration, mood and memory. Mandibular advance device (MAD) is considered as an effective therapy to control OSA, reducing EDS and improving sleep quality. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate the effects MAD therapy on EDS of patients diagnosed with OSA. METHODS: Ten patients from the Sleep Medicine Service of the "Hospital Geral Sanatório" (Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil) were diagnosed with EDS, and a personalised MAD was made for each one of them. Nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) and maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) were applied before (baseline) and 3 months after the continuous use of the MAD. The number of arousals and micro-arousals at baseline and after treatment was also evaluated. RESULTS: All 10 patients completed the investigation. A significant decrease in the number of arousals and micro-arousals per night of sleep was observed after the use of MAD for three consecutive months (P = 0.0078; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Also, there was a significant reduction on the apnoea/hypopnea index between baseline and post-treatment values (P = 0.0001; paired t test), as well as an increase in the mean latency for the onset of sleep (MSL) in the MTW (P = 0.0047; paired t test), indicating a significant difference among baseline and after treatment. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the improvement on EDS is associated with the used of MAD in patients diagnosed with OSA, improving their quality of sleep.

Estudo da capacidade de manter o alerta em pacientes com fibromialgia por meio do teste da manutenção da vigília / Degree of daytime sleepiness in patients with fibromyalgia through the awakefulness maintenance test

OBJETIVO: Avaliar, de forma objetiva, a capacidade de manter o alerta em pacientes com fibromialgia por meio do teste da manutenção da vigília (TMV). MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle de 15 pacientes com diagnóstico de fibromialgia com pelo menos 11 de 18 pontos dolorosos e dor difusa nos últimos três meses. O grupo-controle foi constituído de 15 indivíduos hígidos pareados por idade e sexo, selecionados seqüencialmente. Os participantes responderam à escala de sonolência de Epworth e foram submetidos ao TMV. Foram realizadas quatro captações, cada uma com duração mínima de 20 minutos e com intervalo de duas horas. Considerou-se como normal a latência para o início do sono maior do que 20 minutos, e patológica a latência menor que 11 minutos. RESULTADOS: O grupo com fibromialgia apresentou significante redução da latência para o início do sono no TMV, comparado ao grupo-controle 9,9 ± 4,6 e 14,9 ± 5,1, respectivamente, p = 0,01, sendo que em 66,7 por cento dos casos o resultado foi patológico, em comparação com 26,7 por cento no grupo-controle (p = 0,03). Não se observou correlação entre o resultado do TMV e a idade dos pacientes ou a pontuação na escala de sonolência de Epworth. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo-piloto, pacientes com fibromialgia apresentam redução da latência do sono no TMV.

OBJECTIVE: To assess in an objective way the degree of alertness in patients with fibromyalgia through the Maintenance Wakefulness Test ( MWT). METHOD: Fifteen patients with fibromyalgia and 15 age and sex- matched healthy controls were sequentially selected. The inclusion criteria for fibromyalgia were the presence of at least 11 of the 18 tender points and diffuse pain during three months prior to evaluation. All participants answered the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and underwent four 20 minutes sessions of MWT scheduled at 2-hour intervals. Mean sleep latency higher than 20 minutes or lower than 10 minutes was considered normal or pathological, respectively. RESULTS: Although ESS scores did not differ between fibromyalgia patients and controls, the fibromyalgia group showed a significant decrease in the sleep latency by MWT ( 9.9 ± 4.6 and 14.9 ± 5.1, respectively, p = 0.01). Pathological results were obtained in 66.7 percent of the patients, in comparison to 26.7 percent of the controls ( p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, patients with fibromyalgia showed decrease in the sleep latency by the Wakefulness Maintenance Test.